ap us history summer assignment - sharpschool

AP US History Summer Assignment

Welcome to Advanced Placement United States History. This summer assignment is

designed to “jump start” the course and allow for a more reasonable pace during the

school year. This assignment will allow you to enter class with some prior knowledge

and give you an idea of what the class workload will be like over the course of the year.

The more thought and effort you apply to this assignment, the better prepared you will be

for this course, and ultimately, for the AP test in May. There will be questions on the AP

Exam in May based on some of the material from this summer assignment.

This assignment is due the FIRST CLASS. In addition, your first major grade of the year

will be a unit exam covering the material in this assignment, given during the second

week of school. The test will be based upon the summer assignment – it is how you will

learn much of the information for your first exam.

******In order to complete Part I of this assignment you must purchase the AMSCO AP

US History book (either 2015 or 2016 edition) which can be found at:

athttp://www.amscopub.com/viewProduct.php?productID=1287101

Many schools throughout the nation use this book therefore it is highly recommended

that you purchase it as soon as possible. You can also obtain it through local book stores,

however, the price is generally higher. You could also attempt to purchase it from a

current APUSH student. We will be using this book throughout the year and it is the

BEST review book that we have found.

The summer assignment has been designed to cover Period 1 and Period 9 of the APUSH

curriculum. These periods each account for 5% of the AP Examination. By studying

these periods you will be gaining experience using a specific historical thinking skill –

Change and Continuity Over Time. A major component of the AP curriculum is

synthesis, which demonstrates how you can draw comparisons and conclusions from

different time periods in US History.

There are four parts to this summer assignment:

Part I – 25%

This part of the assignment is where you will be using the AMSCO book. You are to

complete the attached three (3) guided reading packets for Chapter 1, 30, and 31. This

will cover information that is included in Period 1 and Period 9 of the APUSH

curriculum. These attachments can be found on SchoolFusion / SchoolMessenger which

can be accessed via the Battlefield home page.

Part II – 25%

This part of the assignment will introduce you to on line video review material provided

by the Gilder Lehrman Institute – www.gilderlehrman.org. You should register as a

student on this site, all material provided is free.

Watch the videos for Period 1 and Period 9. Take notes using the attached outlines,

which are the College Board provided outlines for these periods.

Part III – 25%

This part of the assignment will introduce you to the type of ancillary reading material

you will be required to read in AP US History. This reading will cover Period 1 material

and you should annotate this essay are you read it. Answer the questions at the end of the

reading. The reading is called Myths That Hide the American Indian and is posted on

fusion/school messenger. You may access this via the Battlefield home page.

Part IV – 25%

This part of the assignment will introduce you to APUSH vocabulary. For Period 1 and

Period 9 complete the required vocabulary on 3”x 5” index cards. You will be

completing the vocabulary at the end of Chapter 1, 30, and 31 in AMSCO. The term

should be on the front of the card with a definition and historical significance on the

back. The historical significance addresses why this particular term is relevant – why is it

important to this historical period study?

If you have any questions during the summer you can reach us at the following email

addresses

Mr. Fronckel – [email protected]

Mrs. Maiuri - [email protected]

THIS NOTE SECTION GOES WITH AMSCO CHAPTER 1

Name:_______________________________________

Guided Reading & Analysis: A New World

Chapter 1- A New World of Many Cultures, 1491-1607, pp 1-13

Purpose: This guide is not only a place to record notes as you read, but also to provide a place and structure for reflections and analysis using your noggin (thinking skills) with new knowledge gained from the reading. This guide, if completed in its entirety BOP (Beginning of Period) by the due date, can be used on the first quiz as well as earn up to 10 bonus points. The benefits of such activities, however, go far beyond quiz help and bonus points. Mastery of the course and AP exam await all who choose to process the information as they read/receive. This is an optional assignment.

So… young Jedi… what is your choice? Do? Or do not? There is no try. (Image Source: AdventureTales.com)

Directions: 1. Pre-Read: Read the prompts/questions within this guide before you read the chapter. 2. Skim: Flip through the chapter and note titles and subtitles. Look at images and read captions. Get a feel for the content you are about to read. 3. Read/Analyze: Read the chapter. If you have your own copy of AMSCO, Highlight key events and people as you read. Remember, the goal is not to “fish” for a

specific answer(s) to reading guide questions, but to consider questions in order to critically understand what you read!

4. Write Write your notes and analysis in the spaces provided OR complete digitally on Canvas. If you are completing paper copy, complete it in INK!

Key Concepts FOR PERIOD 1: NOTE: College Board released revisions to the APUSH framework July of 2015. The key concepts and objectives addressed in your texts reflect the 2014 version of the framework. This guide includes the 2015 revisions to the key concepts. In general, the expectations are not that different. College Board simply sought to clarify and simplify the expectations.

Key Concept 1.1: As native populations migrated and settled across the vast expanse of North America over time, they developed

distinct and increasingly complex societies by adapting to and transforming their diverse environments.

Key Concept 1.2: Contact among Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans resulted in the Columbian Exchange and

significant social, cultural, and political changes on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.

SECTION 1 - Period Perspectives, p.1 Consider the data in the chart at right as well as page 1 of

the text when completing this section.

1. Period 1 begins with 1491. If the American Indian population in

what is now the United States was nearly 10 million before 1492,

why is the United States population in modern times only 2 to 3%

American Indian?

2. Period 1 ends with the establishment of Jamestown, the first

permanent British settlement in North America. Explain why

1607 is a major turning point in United States history.

SECTION 2 Guided Reading, pp 2-13 As you read the chapter, jot down your notes in the middle column. Consider your notes to be elaborations on the Objectives and Main Ideas presented in the left column. When you finish reading the section and taking notes, process and analyze what you read by answering the question in the right hand column. You do not need to write in complete sentences.

3. Cultures pp 2-5

Key Concepts & Main Ideas

Notes

Analysis

Before the arrival of

Europeans, native

populations in North

America developed a

wide variety of social,

political, and economic

structures

based in part on

interactions with the

environment and each

other.

As settlers migrated and settled across the vast expanse of North America over time, they developed quite different and increasingly complex societies by adapting to and transforming their diverse environments.

Cultures of Central and South America… Cultures of North America… Language… Southwest Settlements… Northwest Settlements… Great Plains… Midwest Settlements… Northeast Settlements… Atlantic Seaboard Settlements…

In what ways did native peoples transform North American environment before European colonization? (list) a. b. c. d. Identify one key similarity and one key difference between societies that developed in Central and South America to those that developed in North America. Similarity: Difference: Explain the significance of the difference between Central /South America and North America.

4. Europe Moves Toward Exploration, pp 5-6


Notes

Analysis

New technology,

new knowledge,

and new goals

spurred European

exploration.

I.

Improvements in technology… Religious conflict…

Identify the key difference between Viking voyages of the 12th century to that of Columbus in the 15th century. How did new technology enable Christopher Columbus to dominate

the “New World?”

What was the impact of the Catholic victory in Spain and the European Reformation on North America?

5. Expanding Trade, pp 6-7


Notes

Analysis

Economic motives

drove exploration,

and “discovery”

altered the

European, African,

and America

economically,

politically, and

culturally.

New Routes… Slave Trading… African Resistance… Developing Nation-States…

List three main effects of Europe’s expanding trade in the 15th century. a. b. c. Which effect was most significant? Explain your answer.

6. Early Explorations, pp 7-10


Notes

Analysis

European overseas

expansion resulted in

the Columbian

Exchange, a series of

interactions and

adaptations among

societies across the

Atlantic.

J. The arrival of

Europeans in the

Western Hemisphere

in the 15th and 16th

centuries triggered

extensive

demographic and

social changes on

both sides of the

Atlantic.

European expansion into the Western Hemisphere caused intense social/religious, political, and economic competition in Europe and the promotion of empire building.

Christopher Columbus… Columbus’s Legacy… Exchanges… Dividing the Americas… Spanish Exploration and Conquest… English Claims… French Claims… Dutch Claims…

How did European expansion impact European society? How did European expansion impact Native American society? Which of these consequences were the most

significant? Explain your answer.

7. Spanish Settlements in North America, pp 10-11


Notes

Analysis

European expansion into the Western Hemisphere caused intense social/religious, political, and economic competition in Europe and the promotion of empire building.

Florida… New Mexico… Texas… California…

What were three chief features of the Spanish empire in America? a. b. c. Identify one cause and one effect of Spanish settlement in North America. Cause: Effect:

8. European Treatment of Native Americans, pp 11-12


Notes

Analysis

Contacts among

American Indians,

Africans, and

Europeans

challenged the

worldviews of each

group. European overseas expansion and sustained contacts with Africans and American Indians dramatically altered European views of social, political, and economic relationships among and between white and nonwhite peoples

Spanish Policy… English Policy… French Policy… Native American Reaction…

Identify three major consequences of European contact with American Indians? a. b. c. Which of these were the most significant? Explain your answer. In what ways was English policy toward Native Americans different from those of France and Spain? Different from France in that… Different from Spain in that… How effective were Native Americans in overcoming the negative aspects of European policies?

9. Historical Perspectives: Was Columbus a Great Hero? p.13


Notes

Analysis

European overseas expansion and sustained contacts with Africans and American Indians dramatically altered European views of social, political, and economic relationships among and between white and nonwhite peoples.

Washington Irving… President Franklin Roosevelt… Revisionists… Arthur Schlesinger… Fact and fiction…

Support or refute the following statement: Christopher Columbus was a hero. List 3 pieces of evidence to support your answer. a. b. c. List 3 pieces of evidence that support the alternate view. a. b. c.

10. Explain the HIPP of the image below.

Image Source: Public Domain, Library of Congress,

First landing of Columbus on the shores of the

New World, at San Salvador, W.I., Oct. 12th 1492,

Dióscoro Teófilo Puebla Tolín

HIPP+: Historical Context:

Intended Audience:

Author’s Purpose:

Author’s Point of View:

+Other Context (similar in kind, from a different time…give an example of similar theme in a different place/time period):

Section 3 MAP The College Board framework for the course includes specific places and locations significant to the development of North America and the United states. This section provides you with the opportunity to locate and review these items.

Directions:

1. Read the framework excerpts located to the right of the map, and ensure you understand & know where/what is referenced.

2. Circle or highlight the following groups: Pueblo, Chinooks, Iroquois, Algonquian, Wamponoags, Pequot, Powhatan 3. Label/Trace the starting point and expansion of maize cultivation.

On a North American

continent… The spread of

maize cultivation from

present-day Mexico

northward into the

American Southwest and

beyond supported

economic development and

social diversification among

societies in these areas; a

mix of foraging and hunting

did the same for societies

in the Northwest and areas

of California.

Societies responded to the

lack of natural resources in

the Great Basin and the

western Great Plains by

developing largely mobile

lifestyles.

In the Northeast and along

the Atlantic Seaboard

some societies developed a

mixed agricultural and

hunter–gatherer economy

that favored the

development of permanent

villages.

European overseas

expansion resulted in the

Columbian Exchange, a

series of interactions and

adaptations among

societies across the

Atlantic. The arrival of

Europeans in the Western

Hemisphere in the 15th

and 16th centuries

triggered extensive

demographic and social

changes on both sides of

the Atlantic.

Source: North American Continent; Western Hemisphere Indian Culture Map, http://lochgarry.wordpress.com/2011/11/27/ancient-winds-and-memories-of-a-time-long-ago/

Reading Guide written by Rebecca Richardson, Allen High School Sources include but are not limited to: 2015 edition of AMSCO’s United States History Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination, Wikipedia.org, College Board Advanced Placement

United States History Framework, writing strategies developed by Mr. John P. Irish, Carroll High School, 12th edition of American Pageant, USHistory.org, Britannica.com, LatinAmericanHistory.about.com, and other sources as cited in document and collected/adapted over 20 years of teaching and collaborating.

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THIS NOTE SECTION GOES WITH

AMSCO CHAPTER 30

Name:_________________________________

The Conservative

Resurgence,

1980-2000

APUSH Review Guide for AMSCO chapter 30. Students who do not have AMSCO may use other resources such as the textbook. (images within this reading guide are Public Domain, mostly from Wiki Commons, the TIME cover at right was captured from time.com)

Directions Print document and take notes in the spaces provided. Read through the guide before you begin reading. This step will help

you focus on the most significant ideas and information as you read.

Learning Goals: Analyze the domestic and foreign policies of President Ronald Reagan and evaluate their impact on the nation. Explain how the United States transitioned from fighting the Cold War to fighting the War on Terrorism both domestically and internationally. Compare modern conservatism as illustrated by the Reagan Era with earlier liberalism as illustrated by FDR and LBJ. Explain the causes and effects of changing demographics within the United States from 1980-present day. Evaluate the social, political, and economic impact of modern technologies and the changing, global marketplace on American identity.

A note about post 1980 and the AP exam Just because it is only 5%... don’t count it out. Topics post-1980 may show up as a SAQ, a multiple choice set, crossover questions in other multiple choice sets, or crossover in an essay. In the recent past there have been a few prompts with parameters reaching into the 1980s, including last year’s exam! 2010 FRQ Explain the causes and consequences of TWO of the following population movements in the United States during the period 1945–1985.

Suburbanization; The growth of the Sun Belt; Immigration to the United States

2007 FRQ “Landslide presidential victories do not ensure continued political effectiveness or legislative success.” Assess the validity of this statement by comparing TWO of the following presidential administrations. Franklin Roosevelt (1936); Lyndon Johnson (1964); Richard Nixon (1972); Ronald Reagan (1984)

2011 FRQ Compare and contrast the women’s rights movement of the 1840s–1860s with the women’s rights movement of the 1960s–1980s. 2014 FRQ Explain the social, economic, and foreign policy goals of New Right conservatives from the 1960s to the 1980s and assess the degree to which the

Reagan administration succeeded in implementing these goals in the 1980s. 2015 DBQ Explain the reasons why a new conservatism rose to prominence in the United States between 1960 and 1989.

From the 2015 Revised Period 9 Content Outline Key Concept 9.1: A newly ascendant conservative movement achieved several political and policy goals during

the 1980s and continued to strongly influence public discourse in the following decades.

Key Concept 9.2: Moving into the 21st century, the nation experienced significant technological,

economic, and demographic changes.

Key Concept 9.3: The end of the Cold War and new challenges to U.S. leadership forced the nation to redefine its

foreign policy and role in the world

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Welcome to the Reagan Era… 1980-1993 By 1980, the conservative movement which began in the 1960s finally “reclaimed” America from liberals who were increasing the size of the government. As Reagan stated, “Government isn’t the solution to our problems, government is the problem.” The Reagan Revolution was Reagan redefining what it meant to be a Republican as well as trying to redefine the role of the federal government. He restored honor to the Party after Watergate nearly destroyed it. And today, he is referenced as the ideal Republican to such an extreme that the argument leaves recent and current Republicans such as George W. Bush and John McCain enduring heavy criticism for their moderation. How successful he actually was in redefining government is debatable, but the impact he had on politics was profound.

Period 9 Overview, page 653

Overview of Period 9, 1980-Present

Three causes of conservative resurgence:

1. 2. 3. Two reasons conservatives were able to establish an electoral majority:

1. 2. What limited the success of the conservative agenda? Reagan’s foreign policy was… Cold War foreign policy was replaced with… Modern Day generational split over… Alternate view…

Guided Reading, Conservative Resurgence, 1980-2000, pp 654-672

1. The Rise of Conservatism, pp 654-656

Main Ideas Definitions/Explanations/Notes Analysis

A new conservatism grew to prominence in U.S. culture and politics, defending traditional social values and rejecting liberal views about the role of government.

I. Reduced public faith in the government’s ability to solve social and economic problems, the growth of religious fundamentalism, and the dissemination of neoconservative thought all combined to invigorate conservatism.

Conservative Resurgence, 1980-2000… The Rise of Conservativism…

Research Milton Friedman, and explain the economic viewpoint of Milton Friedman. William F. Buckley Jr. once said, “There is an inverse relationship between reliance on the state and self-reliance.” How does this quote illustrate conservatism?

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A.

The Rise of Conservatism continued…



J. Reduced public faith in the government’s ability to solve social and economic problems, the growth of religious fundamentalism, and the dissemination of neoconservative thought all combined to invigorate conservatism.

A. Public confidence and trust in government declined in the 1970s in the wake of economic challenges, political scandals, foreign policy “failures,” and a sense of social and moral decay.

B. The rapid and substantial

growth of evangelical and fundamentalist Christian churches and organizations, as well as increased political participation by some of those groups, encouraged significant opposition to liberal social and political trends.

Leading Issues… Taxpayer’s Revolt… Conservative Religious Revival… Elimination of Racial Preferences… De-Regulation of Business… Ronald Reagan and the Election of 1980…

Read the excerpt below from the 1980 Republican Party Platform and then answer the question that follows. Republicans also treasure the ethnic, cultural, and regional diversity of our people. This diversity fosters a dynamism in American society that is the envy of the world. As the Party of Lincoln, we remain equally and steadfastly committed to the equality of rights for all citizens, regardless of race. Although this nation has not yet eliminated all vestiges of racism over the years we are heartened by the progress that has been made, we are proud of the role that our Party has played, and we are dedicated to standing shoulder to shoulder with black Americans in that cause. Elsewhere in this platform, we set forth a number of specific proposals that will also serve to improve the quality of life for blacks. During the next four years we are committed to policies that will: Encourage local governments to designate specific enterprise zones within depressed areas that will promote new jobs, new and expanded businesses, and new economic vitality; Open new opportunities for black men and women to begin small businesses of their own by, among other steps, removing excessive regulations, disincentives for venture capital, and other barriers erected by the government; Bring strong, effective enforcement of federal civil rights statutes, especially those dealing with threats to physical safety and security which have recently been increasing; and Ensure that the federal government follows a non-discriminatory system of appointments up and down the line, with a careful eye for qualified minority aspirants. What was the GOP’s (Grand Ol’ Party) alternative to affirmative action? How did the 1978 case Regents of the University of California v. Bakke impact this plan? Reagan himself was not racist; however historians have criticized him for being “unaware” of the depth of racism in the country. He believed that states should have more power and that the federal government had grown too big. To a racial minority who suffered under Jim Crow, a proponent of “states rights” didn’t go over well.

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The Rise of Conservatism continued…



K. Reduced public faith in the government’s ability to solve social and economic problems, the growth of religious fundamentalism, and the dissemination of neoconservative thought all combined to invigorate conservatism.

Campaign for President, 1980… Significance…

Explain why so many blue collar democrats voted Republican in the election of 1980?

From Back to the Future: Dr. Brown (doubting Marty is from the future): Then tell me, future boy, who's President of the United States in 1985? Marty McFly: Ronald Reagan. Dr. Brown: Ronald Reagan? The actor? [chuckles in disbelief] Then who's vice president? Jerry Lewis? (famous comedian)

2. The Reagan Revolution, pp 656-659

Main Ideas Definitions/Explanations/Notes Bueller?

II. Conservatives achieved

some of their political and policy goals, but their success was limited by the enduring popularity and institutional strength of some government programs and public support for cultural trends of recent decades.

JJ. A. Conservatives enjoyed

significant victories related to taxation and deregulation of many industries, but many conservative efforts to advance moral ideals through politics met inertia and opposition.

B. Although Republicans continued to denounce “big government,” the size and scope of the federal government continued to grow after 1980, as many programs remained popular with voters and difficult to reform or eliminate.

L.

The Reagan Revolution… Supply Side Economics (“Reaganomics”)… Federal Tax Reduction… Spending Cuts…

Have you seen Ferris Bueller’s Day Off? If so, you probably already know the Laffer Curve! “In 1930, the Republican-controlled House of Representatives, in an effort to alleviate the effects of the... (waiting for students to respond) …. Anyone? Anyone? ... The Great Depression, passed the... Anyone? Anyone? The tariff bill? … The Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act which… anyone? Raised or lowered?... Raised tariffs, in an effort to collect more revenue for the federal government. Did it work? … Anyone? Anyone know the effects? It did not work, and the United States sank deeper into the Great Depression. Today we have a similar debate over this. Anyone know what this is? …Class? …Anyone? Anyone? …Anyone seen this before? … The Laffer Curve. Anyone know what this says? … It says that at this point on the revenue curve, you will get exactly the same amount of revenue as at this point. This is very controversial. Does anyone know what Vice President Bush called this in 1980? …Anyone? … Something-d-o-o economics… "Voodoo" economics.” Bueller?... Bueller?... Bueller?

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The Reagan Revolution continued…


KK. Conservatives achieved

some of their political and policy goals, but their success was limited by the enduring popularity and institutional strength of some government programs and public support for cultural trends of recent decades.

LL. A. Conservatives enjoyed

significant victories related to taxation and deregulation of many industries, but many conservative efforts to advance moral ideals through politics met inertia and opposition.

B. Although Republicans continued to denounce “big government,” the size and scope of the federal government continued to grow after 1980, as many programs remained popular with voters and difficult to reform or eliminate. Economic inequality increased after 1980 as U.S. manufacturing jobs were eliminated, union membership declined, and real wages stagnated for the middle class.

M.

Deregulation… Labor Unions… Recession and Recovery… Social Issues… The Election of 1984… Budget and Trade Deficits… Impact of Reaganomics…

What would John Maynard Keynes have to say about Reaganomics? To what extent was Reagan successful in reversing course from the liberalism of FDR and LBJ? Explain your answer! Explain the political cartoon on page 657 by completing the following: Historical Context: Author’s Point of View: Explain how the recession of 1982 and the boom of 1983 both support and condemn Reaganomics?

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3. Foreign Policy During the Reagan Years, pp 659-662


I. The Reagan administration pursued a reinvigorated anti-Communist and interventionist foreign policy that set the tone for later administrations.

A. President Ronald Reagan, who initially rejected détente with increased defense spending, military action, and bellicose rhetoric, later developed a friendly relationship with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, leading to significant arms reductions by both countries.

N.

Foreign Policy During the Reagan Years… Renewing the Cold War… Military Buildup… Central America… Grenada… Iran-Contra Affair… Lebanon, Israel, and the PLO… Improved U.S.-Soviet Relations… Assessing Reagan’s Policy…

Explain how Reagan worked to reach his foreign policy goals.

To what extent was Reagan successful in reaching his foreign policy goals? Defend your answer with one piece of evidence. Did Reagan “renew” Cold War or simply “win” the Cold War? Explain your view.

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4. George H. W. Bush and the End of the Cold War, pp 662-665


The end of the Cold War and new challenges to U.S. leadership in the world forced the nation to redefine its foreign policy and global role. The end of the Cold War led to new diplomatic relationships but also new U.S. military and peacekeeping interventions, as well as debates over the nature and extent of American power in the world.

George H. W. Bush and the End of the Cold War … The Election of 1988… The Collapse of Soviet Communism and the Soviet Union… Tiananmen Square… Eastern Europe… Breakup of the Soviet Union… End of the Cold War… Invasion of Panama… Persian Gulf War… Domestic Problems… Nomination of Clarence Thomas… Taxes and the Economy… Political Inertia…

Explain the political cartoon on page 661 by completing the following: Historical Context: Author’s Point of View: Compare START I and START II under George H.W. Bush to SALT I under Nixon and SALT II (under Carter but didn’t pass). Include both similarities and differences. Explain the significance of the Berlin Wall coming down in 1989. Explain how the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 illustrates a turning point for Reaganesque conservatism.

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5. The Clinton Years: Prosperity and Partisanship, pp 665-671 Main Ideas Definitions/Explanations/Notes Analysis


The increasing integration of the U.S. into the world economy was accompanied by economic instability and major policy, social, and environmental challenges.) Policy debates intensified over free trade agreements, the size and scope of the government social safety net, and calls to reform the U.S. financial system.

The Clinton Years: Prosperity and Partisanship… Anti-Incumbent Mood… The Election of 1992… William Jefferson Clinton… H. Ross Perot… Results… Clinton’s First Term (1993-1997)… Early Accomplishments… Republicans Take Over Congress… Zealous Reformers… Balanced Budget… The Election of 1996…

Explain how President Clinton moved the nation back toward liberalism. What role did First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton play in the first term? Explain why NAFTA was a significant turning point.

9 The Clinton Years: Prosperity and Partisanship continued…



The Technology Boom… Clinton’s Second Term: Politics of Impeachment… Investigations and Impeachment… Impeachement… Foreign Policy in the Clinton Administration… Peacekeeping… Europe… Asia… Middle East… Globalization…

How were the 1990s different from the 1980s? List and explain three different ways they differed. 1. 2. 3. Explain the similarity between Bill Clinton’s impeachment and Andrew Johnson’s impeachment. Compare American foreign policy in the 1995 to that of 1915. (Europe) What is significant about this comparison? Compare Clinton’s efforts for peace in the Middle East to that of Jimmy Carter.

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6. American Society in 2000, pp 671-672


Moving into the 21st century, the nation continued to experience challenges stemming from social, economic, and demographic changes. The U.S. population continued to undergo significant demographic shifts that had profound cultural and political consequences.

After 1980, the political, economic, and cultural influences of the American South and West continued to increase as population shifted to those areas, fueled in part by a surge in migration from regions that had not been heavily represented in earlier migrations, especially Latin America and Asia.

The new migrants affected U.S. culture in many ways and supplied the economy with an important labor force, but they also became the focus of intense political, economic, and cultural debates.

Demographic changes intensified debates about gender roles, family structures, and racial and national identity.

American Society in 2000… Immigration… Aging and the Family… Income and Wealth…

Compare the impact of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (signed by Reagan) to the impact of the 1965 Immigration Reform Act (signed by Johnson). Were they more alike or different? Explain the role of the baby boomers in modern demographic trends. Why is the increase in single parent families a concern? Explain the similarity between American wealth in modern times to that of the Gilded Age. What are the reasons for this similarity?

7. Historical Perspectives: What Does Freedom Mean? Page 672

Eric Foner’s View on Freedom… David Hackett Fischer’s view on freedom…

Reading Guide written by Rebecca Richardson, Allen High School

Sources include but are not limited to: 2015 edition of AMSCO’s United States History Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination and the 2012 & 2015 Revised College Board Advanced Placement United States History Framework.

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THIS NOTE SECTION GOES WITH AMSCO CHAPTER 31

Challenges of the 21st century,

2000-Present APUSH Review Guide for AMSCO chapter 31. or other resources. (images at right captured from pinterest.com and dailysignal.com)

Directions Print document and take notes

in the spaces provided. Read through the guide

before you begin reading. This step will help you

focus on the most significant ideas and

information as you read.

Learning Goals: . Explain how the United States transitioned from fighting the Cold War to fighting the War on Terrorism both domestically and internationally. Explain the causes and effects of changing demographics within the United States from 1980-present day. Evaluate the social, political, and economic impact of modern technologies and the changing, global marketplace on American identity.

MAIN IDEA: As the United States transitioned to a new century filled with challenges and possibilities,

it experienced renewed ideological and cultural debates, sought to redefine its foreign

policy, and adapted to economic globalization and revolutionary changes in science and

technology.

From the 2015 Revised Period 9 Content Outline Key Concept 9.1: A newly ascendant conservative movement achieved several political and policy goals during

the 1980s and continued to strongly influence public discourse in the following decades.

Key Concept 9.2: Moving into the 21st century, the nation experienced significant technological,

economic, and demographic changes.

Key Concept 9.3: The end of the Cold War and new challenges to U.S. leadership forced the nation to redefine its

foreign policy and role in the world

Guided Reading, Challenges of the 21st century, 2000-Present, pp 679-693

1. Political Polarization and the Presidency of George W. Bush, pp 654-656


Moving into the 21st century, the nation continued to experience challenges stemming from social, economic, and demographic changes. The U.S. population continued to undergo significant demographic shifts that had profound cultural and political consequences.

Political Polarization… Disputed Election of 2000…

List three causes of internal migration shifts in the United States during modern times. a) b) c)

Political Polarization and the Presidency of George W. Bush continued…

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Moving into the 21st century, the nation continued to experience challenges stemming from social, economic, and demographic changes. The U.S. population continued to undergo significant demographic shifts that had profound cultural and political consequences. The end of the Cold War and new challenges to U.S. leadership in the world forced the nation to redefine its foreign policy and global role. Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, U.S. foreign policy and military involvement focused on a war on terrorism, which also generated debates about domestic security and civil rights. In the wake of attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, U.S. decision-makers launched foreign policy and military efforts against terrorism and lengthy, controversial conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. The war on terrorism sought to improve security within the United States but also raised questions about the protection of civil liberties and human rights.

A.

Domestic Policies of the George W. Bush Administration… Republican Tax Cuts… Educational and Health Reform… Economic Bubbles and Corruption… The War on Terror… Roots of Terrorism… Early Terrorist Attacks… September 11, 2001… War in Afghanistan…

To what extent was President George W. Bush similar to President Ronald Reagan? Defend your answer with one specific piece of evidence. To what extent was No Child Left Behind illustrative of conservatism? Explain your answer. What was the main cause of the 2002 stock market crash? How did the 9-11 attacks impact the stock market and economy? (ask your parents or Google) What was the motivation for American involvement in the Middle East following World War II? To what extent is religion the key factor in the War on Terror? Defend your answer with one specific piece of evidence. What was the main goal in the invasion of Afghanistan?

Political Polarization and the Presidency of George W. Bush continued…

3


Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, U.S. foreign policy and military involvement focused on a war on terrorism, which also generated debates about domestic security and civil rights. In the wake of attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, U.S. decision-makers launched foreign policy and military efforts against terrorism and lengthy, controversial conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. The war on terrorism sought to improve security within the United States but also raised questions about the protection of civil liberties and human rights.

Homeland Security… George W. Bush foreign policy… Iraq War… Operation Iraqi Freedom… Elections of 2004 and a Bush Second Term… Four More Years at War… Washington Politics… The Great Recession…

Compare and contrast Operation Iraqi Freedom and Persian Gulf War. To what extent was the foreign policy of President George W. Bush an extension of Cold War ideology? Explain your answer… think about it carefully… In what ways were the causes of the Great Recession similar to the causes of the Great Depression? In what ways were the responses to recession by George W. Bush similar to the response to depression by Franklin D. Roosevelt?

2. The Election of 2008 and the First Obama Administration, 2009-2013, pp 686-689

4


Moving into the 21st century, the nation continued to experience challenges stemming from social, economic, and demographic changes. Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, U.S. foreign policy and military involvement focused on a war on terrorism, which also generated debates about domestic security and civil rights.

J.

Election of 2008… The First Obama Administration, 2009-2013 The Transition… Presidential Initiatives… Economic Stimulus… Health Care… Budget Deficits… The Tea Party and 2010 Mid-Term Elections… Congress in Gridlock… Obama’s Foreign Policy… Iraq… Afghanistan and the death of Osama Bin Laden…

African Americans make up 12% of the United States population. What can you infer about American identity in the 21st century when you consider we elected our first African American president? Compare and contrast Barack Obama and Hiram Revels. What is the key difference between President Lyndon Johnson’s Medicare and Medicaid programs and President Barrack Obama’s Affordable Care Act? Explain how and to what extent the conservative resurgence of the 1980s lives on in the Tea Party.

Obama continued… the Second Obama Administration, pp 690-691

5

Main Ideas Definitions/Explanations/Notes

Moving into the 21st century, the nation continued to experience challenges stemming from social, economic, and demographic changes. Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, U.S. foreign policy and military involvement focused on a war on terrorism, which also generated debates about domestic security and civil rights.

K.

Arab Spring… Asia and Europe… Election of 2012… Second Obama Administration… Budget Brinkmanship… Gun Violence… Terrorism in Boston… Foreign Policy…

3. Rulings of the Roberts Court, pp 691-693


Moving into the 21st century, the nation continued to experience challenges stemming from social, economic, and demographic changes.

L.

Rulings of the Roberts Court… Affirmative Action and Voting Rights… Elections and Money…

Explain how the Roberts Court differs from the Warren Court in regards to protecting the rights of African Americans.

Rulings of the Roberts Court continued…

6


Moving into the 21st century, the nation continued to experience challenges stemming from social, economic, and demographic changes. Policy debates intensified over free trade agreements, the size and scope of the government social safety net, and calls to reform the U.S. financial system. Conflict in the Middle East and concerns about climate change led to debates over U.S. dependence on fossil fuels and the impact of economic consumption on the environment. The new migrants affected U.S. culture in many ways and supplied the economy with an important labor force, but they also became the focus of intense political, economic, and cultural debates. Demographic changes intensified debates about gender roles, family structures, and racial and national identity.

M.

Environment… Gay Rights and Same-Sex Marriage… Gun Rights… Immigration… Health Care…

Based on the Roberts Court decisions, what further chang do you expect the next few decades in the United States? For each of the topics below, describe a trend you predict about the future. Racial discrimination… Gender discrimination… Gay rights… Gun rights… Racial and ethnic make-up of the population…

4. Historical Perspectives: What Causes Booms and Busts? Page 693

Kevin Phillips’ View… Conservative View on Markets… Joseph Stiglitz’s View…

Based on your assessment of these viewpoints, do you predict more or less government regulation in the future?

Reading Guide written by Rebecca Richardson, Allen High School

Sources include: 2015 edition of AMSCO’s United States History Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination and the 2012 and 2015 Revised College Board Advanced Placement United States History Framework.

Reading/Note Taking Guide APUSH Period 1: 1491-1607 - Take notes on here from Gilder Lehrman video

Key Concept 1.1: As native populations migrated and settled across the vast expanse of North America over time, they developed

distinct and increasingly complex societies by adapting to and transforming their diverse environments.

Sub Concept I: Different native societies adapted to and transformed their environments through innovations in agriculture, resource

use, and social structure.

Topics Notes

A.) The spread of maize

cultivation from present-day

Mexico northward into the

present-day American

Southwest and beyond

supported economic

development, settlement,

advanced irrigation, and

social diversification among

societies.

B) Societies responded to the

aridity of the Great Basin and

the grasslands of the western

Great Plains by developing

largely mobile lifestyles.

C) In the Northeast, the

Mississippi River Valley and

along the Atlantic seaboard

some societies developed

mixed agricultural and hunter-

gatherer economies that

favored the development of

permanent villages.

D) Societies in the Northwest

and present-day California

supported themselves by

hunting and gathering, and in

some areas developed settled

communities supported by the

vast resources of the ocean.


Related Thematic Learning

Objectives (Focus of Exam

Questions)

MIG 2.0- Analyze causes of internal migration and patterns of settlement in what would be become the United States, and explain how migration

has affected American life

GEO 1.0- Explain how geographic and environmental factors shaped the development of communities, and analyze how competition for and

debates over natural resources have affected both interactions among different groups and the development of government policies.

Key Concept 1.2: Contact among Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans resulted in the Columbian Exchange and significant

social, cultural, and political changes on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.

Sub Concept I: European expansion into the Western Hemisphere generated intense social, religious, political, and economic

competition within European societies

Topics Notes

A.) European nations’ efforts

to explore and conquer the

New World stemmed from a

search for new sources of

wealth, economic and military

competition, and a desire to

spread Christianity.

B) The Columbian Exchange

brought new crops to Europe

from the Americas,

stimulating European

population growth, and new

sources of mineral wealth,

which facilitated the

European shift from

feudalism to capitalism.

C) Improvements in maritime

technology and more

organized methods for

conducting international trade

such as joint-stock companies,

helped drive changes to

economies in Europe and the

Americas.




Questions)

WXT 2.0- Explain how patterns of exchange, markets, and private enterprise have developed, and analyze ways that governments have responded to

economic issues.

WXT 3.0- Analyze how technological innovation has affected economic development and society.

WOR 1.0- Explain how cultural interaction, cooperation, competition, and conflict between empires, nations, and peoples have influenced political,

economic, and social developments in North America



Sub Concept II: The Columbian Exchange and development of the Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere resulted in extensive

demographic, economic, and social changes.

Topics Notes

A.) Spanish exploration and

conquest of the Americas

were accompanied and

furthered by widespread

deadly epidemics that

devastated native populations

and by the introduction of

crops and animals not found

in the Americas

B) The encomienda system,

Spanish colonial economies

marshaled Native American

labor to support plantation-

based agriculture and extract

precious metals and other

resources.

C) European traders

partnered with some West

African groups who practiced

slavery to forcibly extract

slave labor for the Americas.

The Spanish imported

enslaved Africans to labor in

plantation agriculture and

mining.


D) The Spanish developed a

caste system that

incorporated, and carefully

defined the status of the

diverse population of

Europeans, Africans, and

Native Americans in their

Empire



Questions)

MIG 1.0- Explain the causes of migration to colonial North America and, later the United States, and analyze immigration’s effect on US society.

WXT 1.0- Explain how different labor systems developed in North America and the United States, and explain their effects on workers’ lives and

US Society.

GEO 1.0- Explain how geographic and environmental factors shaped the development of various communities, and analyze how competition for a

debates over natural resources have affected both interactions among different groups and the development of government policies.



Sub Concept III: In their interactions, Europeans and Native Americans asserted divergent worldviews regarding issues such as religion,

gender roles, family, land use, and power.

Topics Notes

A.) Mutual misunderstandings

between Europeans and

Native Americans often

defined the early years of

interaction and trade as each

group sought to make sense of

the other. Over time,

Europeans and Native

Americans adopted some

useful aspects of each other’s

culture.

B) As European

encroachments on Native

Americans’ lands and

demands on their labor

increased, native peoples

sought to defend and maintain

their political sovereignty,

economic prosperity, religious

beliefs, and concepts of

gender relations through

diplomatic negotiations and

military resistance.


C) Extended contact with

Native Americans and

Africans fostered a debate

among European religious and

political leaders about how

non-Europeans should be

treated, as well as evolving

religious, cultural, and racial

justifications for the

subjugation of Africans and

Native Americans.



Questions)

CUL 1.0- Explain how religious groups and ideas have affected American society and political life

CUL 3.0- Explain how ideas about women’s rights and gender roles have affected society and politics

CUL 4.0- Explain how different group identities, including racial, ethnic, class and regional identities, have emerged and changed over time.

WOR 1.0- Explain how cultural interaction, cooperation, competition, and conflict between empires, nations, and peoples have influenced political,

economic, and social developments in North America

Reading/Note Taking Guide APUSH Period 9: 1980-Present – Take notes on here from Gilder Lehrman video

Key Concept 9.1: A newly ascendant conservative movement achieved several political and policy goals during the 1980s and

continued to strongly influence public discourse in the following decades.

Sub Concept I: Conservative beliefs regarding the need for traditional social values and a reduced role for government advanced in U.S.

politics after 1980.

Topics Notes

A) Ronald Reagan’s victory in

the presidential election

of 1980 represented an

important milestone, allowing

conservatives to enact

significant tax cuts and

continue the deregulation

of many industries.

B) Conservatives argued that

liberal programs were

counterproductive in fighting

poverty and stimulating

economic growth. Some

of their efforts to reduce

the size and scope of

government met with inertia

and liberal opposition, as

many programs remained

popular with voters..

C) Policy debates continued

over free-trade agreements,

the scope of the government

social safety net, and calls to

reform the U.S. financial

system.



Questions)

POL-1.0: Explain how and why political ideas, beliefs, institutions, party systems, and alignments have developed and changed.

POL-2.0: Explain how popular movements, reform efforts, and activist groups have sought to change American society and institutions.

POL-3.0: Explain how different beliefs about the federal government’s role in U.S. social and economic life have affected political debates and

policies.

WXT-2.0: Explain how patterns of exchange, markets, and private enterprise have developed, and analyze ways that governments have responded to

economic issues.


Key Concept 9.2: Moving into the 21st century, the nation experienced significant technological, economic, and demographic

changes.

Sub Concept II: New developments in science and technology enhanced the economy and transformed society, while manufacturing

decreased

Topics Notes

A) Economic productivity

increased as improvements

in digital communications

enabled increased American

participation in worldwide

economic opportunities.

B) Technological innovations

in computing, digital mobile

technology, and the Internet

transformed daily life,

increased access to

information, and led to new

social behaviors and

networks.

C) Employment increased

in service sectors and

decreased in manufacturing,

and union membership

declined.

D Real wages stagnated for

the working and middle class

amid growing economic

inequality.



Questions)

WXT-1.0: Explain how different labor systems developed in North America and the United States, and explain their effects on workers’ lives

and U.S. society.

WXT-2.0: Explain how patterns of exchange, markets, and private enterprise have developed, and analyze ways that governments have responded to

economic issues.

WXT-3.0: Analyze how technological innovation has affected economic development and society.


Key Concept 9.2: Moving into the 21st century, the nation experienced significant technological, economic, and demographic

changes.

Sub Concept II: The U.S. population continued to undergo demographic shifts that had significant cultural and political consequences..

Topics Notes

A.) After 1980, the political,

economic, and cultural

influence of the American

South and West continued

to increase as population

shifted to those areas.

B) International migration

from Latin America and

Asia increased dramatically.

The new immigrants affected

U.S. culture in many ways and

supplied the economy with an

important labor force.

C) Intense political and

cultural debates continued over

issues such as immigration

policy, diversity, gender

roles, and family structures.



Questions)

NAT-4.0: Analyze relationships among different regional, social, ethnic, and racial groups, and explain how these groups’ experiences have related to

U.S. national identity.

CUL-3.0: Explain how ideas about women’s rights and gender roles have affected society and politics.

MIG-1.0: Explain the causes of migration to colonial North America and, later, the United States, and analyze immigration’s effects on U.S. society.

MIG-2.0: Analyze causes of internal migration and patterns of settlement in what would become the United States, and explain how migration has

affected American life.


Key Concept 9.3: The end of the Cold War and new challenges to U.S. leadership forced the nation to redefine its foreign policy and

role in the world.

Sub Concept I: The Reagan administration promoted an interventionist foreign policy that continued in later administrations, even after

the end of the Cold War.

Topics Notes

A.) Reagan asserted U.S.

opposition to communism

through speeches, diplomatic

efforts, limited military

interventions, and a buildup of

nuclear and conventional

weapons.

B) Increased U.S. military

spending, Reagan’s diplomatic

initiatives, and political

changes and economic

problems in Eastern Europe

and the Soviet Union

were all important in ending

the Cold War.

C) The end of the Cold War

led to new diplomatic

relationships but also new

U.S. military and

peacekeeping interventions,

as well as continued debates

over the appropriate use of

American power in the world



Questions)

WOR-2.0: Analyze the reasons for, and results of, U.S. diplomatic, economic, and military initiatives in North America and overseas


Key Concept 9.3: The end of the Cold War and new challenges to U.S. leadership forced the nation to redefine its foreign policy and

role in the world.

Sub Concept II: Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, U.S. foreign policy efforts focused on fighting terrorism around the world.

Topics Notes

A.) In the wake of attacks on

the World Trade Center and

the Pentagon, the United

States launched military

efforts against terrorism and

lengthy, controversial

conflicts in Afghanistan and

Iraq.

B) The war on terrorism

sought to improve security

within the United States

but also raised questions

about the protection of civil

liberties and human rights.

C) Conflicts in the Middle

East and concerns about

climate change led to debates

over U.S. dependence on

fossil fuels and the impact of

economic consumption

on the environment.

D) Despite economic and

foreign policy challenges,

the United States continued as

the world’s leading

superpower in the 21st

century.



Questions)

NAT-2.0: Explain how interpretations of the Constitution and debates over rights, liberties, and definitions of citizenship have affected American

values, politics, and society.

NAT-3.0: Analyze how ideas about national identity changed in response to U.S. involvement in international conflicts and the growth of the United

States.

GEO-1.0: Explain how geographic and environmental factors shaped the development of various communities, and analyze how competition for

and debates over natural resources have affected both interactions among different groups and the development of government policies.

WOR-2.0: Analyze the reasons for, and results of, U.S. diplomatic, economic, and military initiatives in North America and overseas.

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