AP EURO STUDY GUIDE

Mercantilism: Trade and economic status of precious metals, bullionism is to acquire pricy gold/silver Absolutism: Sovereign power of the state (sovereign power is the highest power) Absolute monarchs held absolutism. New Monarchies tended to centralize power to themselves away from the nobility Mixed Monarchy: Sharing power within the government Jean Bodin: Wrote Six Books of the Commonwealth Louis XIV: Trained in diplomatic matters, wanted to expand France, had the support of the church, after the war France wanted a strong king, this was his opening for an absolute monarchy. He was known as the Sun King so none were his equal. Wanted to lessen the power of the nobility, and unify France in religious matters. Humiliated the nobles in Versailles by treating them like underlings or servants. Patent of Nobility: Louis would sell the patent to people so they can be considered nobles (was mostly a rip-off, the patent had little meaning) Louis sometimes took these back and resold them. (All about $$$) l etat c est moi : I am the state summed up absolute monarchy, attributed to Louis XIV Versailles: Great building/palace. Took many decades to build. Hall of Mirrors: In Versailles, metaphorically speaking Louis could see everyone in Versailles, and if he didn t see them in Versailles they could do nothing. Parlements: Noble courts Lettres de cachet: An order written by the king that could be arbitrary or ridiculous but was indisputable Princes of the Blood: Group of nobles, closely related to the king, unusually powerful for nobles Bishop Bossuet: Court speaker for Louis XIV, advocate of absolutism Noblesse d epee: Nobility of the sword, earned nobility by military service Nolbesse de la robe: Nobles who ranked up politically or judicially Gallicanism: Term used to recognize Catholicism s relation to the papacy and French king Declaration of Gallican Liberties : Religious freedom from the crown Regale: Income from a deceased bishop which is inherited by the crown Jansenists: Claimed that an individual receives salvation only if it as predestined (similar to Calvinism) claimed to be devout catholics, fierce rivals of the Jesuits

Port Royal and Port Royal des Champs: Key places for the Jansenists Blaise Pascal: Wrote Privincial Letters a Jansenist who was a harsh critic of the Jesuits Huguenots: French Calvinists Revocation of the Edict of Nantes: Says the Huguenots are no longer protected Jean Baptiste Colbert: Was given much power, was cold in personality, believed in Mercantilism, his name was synonymous with the term mercantilism. Said the government should have control over the economy with tariffs, roads and public works in general. Set up the colonial trading companies. Vauban: Best military expert in siege warfare, popularized the star shaped forts Martinet: Colonel, a leading discipliner in French military, has a big legacy Devolution: Children from the first marriage of a family inherited land before the children of the second marriage, guy or girl War of the Devolution: Dutch formed alliance with England to defeat France, there were 4 wars. Dutch War Aix-la Chapelle: Second of the four wars of the War of Devolution Peace of Nijmegen: (Nijmegen-city in Netherlands) Must return to the same land, didn t really work Depencencies : Part of the Treaty of Nijmegen, too vague of a term. Chambers of Reunion: Biased towards Louis XIV because he set up the court, so he got more of the land being divided. William of Orange: Great grandson of previous William of Orange Balance of Power: Other countries made alliances to help keep Louis from attaining a universal monarchy War of the League of Augsburg: Louis declared war on Austria and everyone joined into a league Peace of Ryswick: Peace was reached to end the war on Austria Charles II: Sickly, crippled and mentally deficient. Louis chose his heir to be Philip of Anjou Philip of Anjou: Became the new ruler of Spain, and since he was put in place by Louis France and Spain were allies Treaty of Rystadt: Signed by the French and Spanish with Austria Peace of Utrecht: English can now trade with Spain, French became an international language. Louis was the aggressor and firepower in 1665, but after that he was in debt and power struggles began. England became the superpower of Europe, and Louis regretted his war efforts.

Asiento: A Spanish contract on a slave Louis XV: Grandson of Louis XIV, awful king St. Simon: Critic of Louis XIV, because he used nobles for trivial matters, described by St. Simon. Chateau: Very wealthy, made a model of Versailles. Something about hunting with Louis (prestigious) Duran: Minority view, makes argument that kings don t have a set plan. Says absolutism is a myth.