ap chem summer assignment - rye country day school · fp= for practice- found within the chapter...
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APChemistrySummerAssignment
WelcometoAPChemistry!Themajortopicsoftheclassareorganizedinto“BigIdeas.”Thissummerassignmentwillgiveyouabriefreviewofkeyconceptsfromyourintroductorychemistrycourse,aswellasgettingyouacclimatedtohowourcoursewillbeconductedinthefall.
Ifyouhaveanyquestionsabouttheassignment,feelfreetoemailmeat
Tameka_farrell@ryecountryday.orgIwillemailyoubackwhenpossible.Theassignmenthas3parts:1.E-mailMe(20points)MustbedonebyJuly26th.a.E-mailmewiththefollowinginformation(10points):-Briefintroduction(interests,employment,career/collegeaspirations,etc)-WhatyouthinkIneedtoknowasyourteachertohelpyoubesuccessfulinthiscourse(30pts).2.PolyatomicIonQuiz(100points)Onthefirstdayoftheschoolyear,youwillbegivenaquizontheseions.ThesewillNOTbepostedonthewall,andyouwillNEVERhaveareferencesheetforthemforquizzes,tests,etc.asyouwillhavetohavethemmemorizedfortheAPexam.Youwillbeaskedto:•writethenamesoftheseionswhengiventheformulaandcharge•writetheformulaandchargewhengiventhenames
Ihaveincludedseveralresourcesinthispacket.Also,hereisavideowithanawesomemnemonictohelprememberthem:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aroi3zJXV0k&index=23&t=224s&list=PLfh3Y5y0EY0-4l91Zm1aK7ZonRvNLwmRpFirst,thereisalistoftheionsthatyoumustknowonthefirstday.Thislistalsohas,ontheback,somesuggestionsformakingtheprocessofmemorizationeasier.Forinstance,manyofyouwillrememberthatmostofthemonatomicionshavechargesthataredirectlyrelatedtotheirplacementontheperiodictable.Therearenamingpatternsthatgreatlysimplifythelearningofthepolyatomicionsaswell.AlsoincludedisacopyoftheperiodictableusedinAPChemistry.Noticethatthisisnotthetableusedinyourpriorchemistrycourses.TheAPtableisthesamethattheCollegeBoardallowsyoutouseontheAPChemistrytest.Noticethatithasthesymbolsoftheelementsbutnotthewrittennames.Ihaveincludedasheetofflashcardsforthepolyatomicionsthatyoumustlearn.Istronglysuggestthatyoucutthemoutandbeginmemorizingthemimmediately.Usethehintsonthecommonionssheettohelpyoureducetheamountofmemorizingthatyoumustdo.Donotletthefactthattherearenoflashcardsformonatomicionssuggesttoyouthatthemonatomicionsarenotimportant.Theyareeverybitasimportantasthepolyatomicions.Ifyouhavetroubleidentifyingthechargeofmonatomicions(orthenamingsystem)thenIsuggestthatyoumakeyourselfsomeflashcardsforthoseaswell.Doubtless,therewillbesomestudentswhowillprocrastinateandtrytodoallofthisstudyingjustbeforethestartofschool.Thosestudentsmayevencramwellenoughtodowellontheinitialquiz.However,theywillquicklyforgettheions,andstruggleeverytimethattheseformulasareusedinlecture,homework,quizzes,testsandlabs.
3.BookWork-Ch.1-3.OntheSECONDdayofschool,wewillhaveaTESToverCh.1,Ch.2andCh.3withoutmeteachingorreviewingthemwhatsoever.
Directions:
A.Inanew3-ringbinderthatyouwillkeepseparatefromyourotherclasswork,youwillcompleteonerowfromthefollowingchartsatatime.YOURFIRSTGRADEOFTHEYEARWILLBEPRESENTINGTHISBINDER!B.LabelyourworkclearlyasyougoasIrandomlypickpartstogradeC.WordstoDefine:defineusingyourtextorthevideoinformation.Feelfreetodrawpicturesifithelpsyou.D.Videotitle/link:watchthevideosandtake5(FIVE)bulletednotesforeachE.Problems:notetheanswerstoalltheseareeitherdirectlyunderthequestion,attheendoftheChapterorinAppendixIIorAppendixIV(ifyougetananswerwrong,itisyourfaultfornotcheckingit,soyouwillgetnoextracreditifIchoosethatproblem.AbbreviationsforProblems:FP=ForPractice-foundwithinthechapter(FMPisformorepractice)CC=ConceptualConnection–foundwithinthechapterSAQ=Self-AssessmentQuizattheendofthechapter.YOUMUSTwriteasentenceexplainingeachanswerforSAQ’sNumberedquestions(withnoacronym-likenumber#41inthesecondrowbelow)areexercisesattheendofthechapter.Ch.1BookWork
WordstoDefine VideoTitle VideoLink Length Problems PagesHypothesis,lawofconservationofmass,theory
ScientificMethod
http://www.bozemanscience.com/scientific-method
Approx.6:00*watchONLYfrom4:49-end
CC1.1onpg5 1-5
Amorphous,crystalline,puresubstance,homogeneousvs.heterogenousmixture,decanting,distillation,volatile,filtration
Matter http://www.bozemanscience.com/matter
9:16 Drawandlabelfigures1.4-1.6,FP1.1,CC1.2,1.3,SAQ2(didyoureadthenoteaboveaboutwritingasentence?),SAQ11,41,49
5-13
Intensiveproperty,extensiveproperty,exactnumbers
http://www.bozemanscience.com/significant-digits
11:18 CC1.4,FP1.2,copyandmemorizeSIPrefixesonp.17(gigadowntopicoonly),CC1.5,FP1.3,FMP1.3,CC1.6,FP1.4,FP1.5,FP1.6
13-26
Dimensionalanalysis(akafactorlabelmethod)conversionfactor,
FactorLabelMethod
http://www.bozemanscience.com/factor-label-method
9:50 FP1.7,FP1.8,FP1.9,SAQ#8
26-33
Ch.2BookWork
WordstoDefine VideoTitle VideoLink Length Problems PagesLawofDefiniteProportions,LawofMultipleProportions
ElementsandMolecules
http://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-chem-001-molecules-elements
6:08 FP2.1,FP2.2,39 47-50
Amu,atomicnumber,isotope,massnumber,atomicmass,massspectrometry
MassSpectrometry
http://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-chem-009-mass-spectrometry
8:19 FP2.3,FP2.5,SAQ15,71,73
56-59,65-69
Mole,Avogadro’snumber,molarmass
TheMole http://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-chem-003-the-mole
7:01 FP2.6,FP2.7,FMP2.7,SAQ14
69-73
Ch.3BookWorkWordstoDefine VideoTitle VideoLink Length Problems PagesMolecularcompound,empiricalformula,molecularformula,structuralformula,ball-and-stickmodel,space-fillingmodel,formulaunit
IonicNamingNamingAcids
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFn3LDwohGw&t=81shttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLKzqxqeba8
Watchasmuchasyouneedtooftheselectures.5notestotalneeded(not10)
FP3.1,FP3.2,FP3.3,FP3.4,FP3.5,FMP3.5,FP3.6,FMP3.6,FP3.7,FMP3.7,FP3.8,FMP3.8,FP3.9,FP3.10,FMP3.10,23,25,27,31,51,53,157,SAQ1
87-106
Formulamass,masspercent
IntrotoMassPercent
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmmPYp1pYrY
15:24*Watch/fast-forwardasneededforyou
FR3.12,FP3.13,FMP3.13,FR3.14,FMP3.14,FP3.15,FMP3.15,SAQ10
107-113
Empiricalformulamolarmass,combustionanalysis*IamgoingtoEXTENSIVELYteachthisportioninclass,sodon’tfreakoutorworrytoomuchaboutthismath
ChemicalAnalysis
http://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-chem-002-chemical-analysis
7:23 FP3.19,79 114-118
BalancingEquations Beginner’sGuidetoBalancingEquations
http://www.bozemanscience.com/beginners-guide-balancing-equationshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=En3Jzso0fP4
2:00*OnlywatchtheLASTtwominutes1:29*Fivenotestotalforbothvideos
FP3.22FP3.23,FR3.24,101,103,105,107,SAQ15(answerandshowwork)
119-123
APChemistryIons
MonatomicCations MonatomicAnions PolyatomicCations PolyatomicAnions
Group1(includingH)H+1,hydrogenLi+1,lithiumNa+1,sodiumK+1,potassiumCs+1,cesium
Group2Be+2,berylliumMg+2,magnesiumCa+2,calciumSr+2,strontiumBa+2,barium
Group13Al+3,aluminum
TransitionandHeavierMetals
Cr+2,chromium(II)Cr+3,chromium(III)
Mn+2,manganese(II)Mn+4,manganese(IV)Mn+7,manganese(VII)
Cu+1,copper(I)Cu+2,copper(II)
Fe+2,iron(II)Fe+3,iron(III)
Pb+2,lead(II)Pb+4,lead(IV)
Hg+2,mercury(II)
Ni+2,nickel(II)Ni+3,nickel(III)
Sn+2,tin(II)Sn+4,tin(IV)
Ag+1,silverZn+2,zinc
Group17andHH-1,hydrideF-1,fluorideCl-1,chlorideBr-1,bromideI-1,iodide
Group16O-2,oxideS-2,sulfide
Group15N-3,nitride
P-3,phosphide
Ammonium,NH4+1
Mercury(I),Hg2+2
Acetate,C2H3O2-1
Bicarbonate(hydrogencarbonate),HCO3-1Carbonate,CO3-2
Perchlorate,ClO4-1Chlorate,ClO3-1Chlorite,ClO2-1
Hypochlorite,ClO-1
Permanganate,MnO4-1
Cyanide,CN-1
Hydroxide,OH-1
Peroxide,O2-2
Nitrate,NO3-1Nitrite,NO2-1
Chromate,CrO4-2Dichromate,Cr2O7-2
Sulfate,SO4-2Sulfite,SO3-2
Phosphate,PO4-3Phosphite,PO3-3
***Note:TransitionmetalsarenamedwithRomannumeralstoindicatetheiroxidationstate(charge)iftheyhavemultipleoxidationstates.Silverandzincaretheonlytransitionmetalsonthislistthathaveasingleoxidationstateandthereforearenotnamedwithromannumerals.AslongasyouknowwhichtransitionmetalsneedRomannumerals,individualchargesofthesemetalsdonotneedtobememorized.
AdvancedPlacementChemistryReviewAssignment
Topic1:SignificantFigures&ScientificNotation
1. Countthenumberofsignificantfiguresinthefollowingmeasurements.
a.2.71g_____ b.0.00047kg______c.7.0x105m_______d.1,030L_____
e.150pencils__________f.37500µg______g.0.1010cm______
2. Expresseachofthefollowinginproperscientificnotation(Payattentiontosigfigsandunits).
a. 0.000125m_________________ b.155.0mL______________________
c.123,030,000ng_________________ d.481.9x10-9cm_________________
3. Calculatethecorrectanswerwithproperunitsandsignificantfiguresforeachofthefollowing:
a. 12g+0.677g+86.33g=______________________
b. (355.78g)/(0.056g)=_______________________
c. 97.34mL–34.1mL=_______________________
d. 14.68x5=_______________________
4. Performthefollowingcalculationswithscientificnotationandreportyouranswerwiththecorrectnumberofsignificantfigures.
a. 0.14x(6.02x1023)=__________________________
b. (9.875x104)–(9.795x104)x100%=___________________(assume100isexact)9.875x104
c. (3.8x10-12x4.0x10-13)=______________________
(4x1012x6.3x1013)
Topic2:DimensionalAnalysis
Showworkusingdimensionalanalysis.Nowork=nocreditevenifansweriscorrect.Followsignificantfiguresandroundingrulesunlessthenumberofsignificantfiguresisspecified.Includeunitswhereappropriate.
5. Howmanyhoursareinaweek?Reportyouranswertothreesignificantfigures.
6. Findthenumberofcentimetersin1.00x102yards.(1yd=3ft,1ft=12in,2.54cm=1in)
7. IfJulesVerneexpressedthetitleofhisfamousbook,TwentyThousandLeaguesundertheSeainbasicSIunits,whatwouldthetitlebe?Roundyouranswertothreesignificantfigures.(1league=3.45mi,1mi=1609m)
8. HowmanyµLarepresentin250mLofH2O?
9. Wavelengthsareoftenrepresentedinnm.Whatisthediameterofahelium(He)atominnmifitisequivalentto1.0x10-13km?
10. Theareaofarectangularroomhasalengthof10.5mandawidthof4.50m.Whatisthisareainm2?Incm2?
11. Theaccelerationofasphereisdeterminedtobe9.52m/s2.Whatistheaccelerationinkm/min2?
Topic3:DensityandTemperature
Showallwork.Nowork=nocreditevenifansweriscorrect.Followsignificantfiguresandroundingrules.Includeunitswhereappropriate.
12. Arectangularblockhasdimensionsof2.9cmx3.5cmx10.0cm.Themassoftheblockis615.0grams.Whatarethevolumeandthedensityoftheblock?
13. Thedensityofpuresilveris10.5g/mLat20°C.If5.25gramsofpuresilverpelletsareaddedtoagraduatedcylindercontaining11.2mLofwater,towhatvolumewillthewaterinthecylinderrise?
14. Youcanfigureoutwhetherasubstancefloatsorsinksifyouknowitsdensityandthedensityoftheliquid.Inwhichoftheliquidslistedbelowwillhigh-densitypolyethylene,HDPE,float?HDPE,acommonplastic,hasadensityof0.97g/cm3.Itdoesnotdissolveinanyofthefollowingliquids.
Substance Density(g/cm3)
ethyleneglycol 1.1088
water 0.9997
ethanol 0.7893
methanol 0.7914
aceticacid 1.0492
glycerol 1.2613
15. Mercuryisfoundasaliquidatroomtemperature.Ifithasaboilingpointof630.K,whatisthisboilingpointindegreesCelsius?
Topic4:PrecisionandAccuracy
16. Thedensityofethanolwasdeterminedexperimentallyat25°Cinaseriesoftrialstobe0.608g/mL,0.705g/mL,and0.689g/mL.Theaccepteddensityofethanolisreportedtobe0.789g/mL.a. Aretheexperimentaldensitiesprecise?Why/Whynot?
b. Calculate%errorforthisexperiment.Usetheaverageexperimentaldensityinyourcalculationandreportyouranswerto0.1%.Showyourwork.
c. Aretheexperimentaldensitiesaccurate?Why/Whynot?
Topic5:PropertiesandChanges
17. Categorizeeachofthefollowingasanelement,acompound,oramixture:
a. carbonatedwater ______________
b. tungsten ______________
c. aspirin(acetylsalicylicacid) ______________
d. air ______________
e. lye(sodiumhydroxide) ______________
f. fluorine ______________
18. Ironpyrite,alsoknownasfool’sgold,hasashinygoldenmetallicappearance.Crystalsareoftenintheformofperfectcubes.Acubeofironpyritemeasuring0.40cmoneachsidehasamassof0.064g.
a. Whichoftheseobservationsarequalitativeandwhicharequantitative?
b. Whichoftheseobservationsareextensive(dependentontheamountofsubstancepresent)andwhichareintensive(independentoftheamountofsubstancepresent)?
19. Identifythefollowingasaphysicalproperty,physicalchange,chemicalproperty,orchemicalchange:a. Ethanolhasadensityof0.697g/mL. _________________
b. Thesolutionturnsblueuponmixingwaterandfoodcoloring. _________________
c. Woodburnsinanoven. _________________
d. Methylalcoholishighlyflammable. _________________
e. Icemeltsinabeaker. _________________
f. Methylethanoatesmellslikeapples. _________________
g. Ironrustsonacar. _________________
h. Alkalimetalsreactstronglyinhydrochloricacid. _________________
Topic6:AtomStructure&History
20. Howmanyprotonsandneutronsarecontainedinthenucleusofeachofthefollowingatoms?Howmanyelectronsarepresentineachoftheseneutralatoms?
a. ____protons ____neutrons ____electrons
b. ____protons ____neutrons ____electrons
21. Completethefollowingtable:Name Mass# Atomic# #ofProtons #ofNeutrons #ofElectrons Symbol
Gallium-70 31
Strontium-80 36
22. Thenaturalabundanceforboronisotopesis19.9%boron-10(exactmass10.013amu)and80.1%boron-11(exactmass11.009amu).Calculatetheaverageatomicmassofboronusingtheexactmassesinsteadofmassnumbersinyourcalculations.Showyourwork.Followsignificantfiguresandroundingrules.Includeappropriateunits.
23. Europiumhastwostableisotopes,151Euand153Eu,withmassesof150.9197uand152.9212u,respectively.Calculatethepercentabundancesoftheseisotopesofeuropiumto0.1%.Hint:Thepercentabundancesof
C136Pb208
82
33115
-P
25525
+Mn
thesetwoisotopesmustaddto100%.Showyourwork.Followsignificantfiguresandroundingrules.Includeappropriateunits.
24. Identifythescientist(s)notedforthefollowingeventsinatomichistory. a.identifiedtheelectron;notedfortheplumpuddingmodel_______________
b.notedforthefirstatomictheoryoftheatom;solidspheremodel_____________
c.developedtheplanetarymodel;electronsinfixedorbits______________
d.developedthequantummechanicalmodel;electronsarelocalizedtoorbitals____________________________________________
e.identifiedtheprotonandthenucleus;nuclearmodel________________
f.determinedthechargeofanelectron_________________
g.describedwavetheory________________
h.knownfortheuncertaintyprinciple________________
i.developedquantumnumbers________________
25.Identifythemodeloftheatomdescribedinthefollowingstatements.
a.currentlyacceptedmodel_____________________
b.modelthatfirstincludedasubatomicparticle____________________
c.modeldevelopedusingthegoldfoilexperiment_____________________
d.originalmodeloftheatom;atomwasthoughttobe“indivisible”__________________
e.modelthatonlyshowedthemovementofhydrogen’selectronaccurately;involved“quantums” ______________________
Topic7:PeriodicTableStructure
Identifybynamethegrouporsectionoftheperiodictablenotedforthefollowingfeatures.
26.a.groupcontainingthemostreactivenonmetals;allarediatomics;form-1ions______________
b.groupcontainingmetalsthatonlyform+2ions______________________________
c.setofmetalsthatoftenformcoloredionsinsolution;themajorityhavemultiplechargesasions
__________________________
d.groupcontainingthemostreactivemetals;form+1ions______________________
e.groupcontainingleastreactiveelementsonperiodictable,typicallyinert_________________
27. TheseelementsstartwiththeletterB:B,Ba,Bk,Bi,andBr.Identifywhichoftheseelementsmatchthefollowingdescriptions.Youmayuseelementsonce,morethanonce,ornotatall.a. Whicharemetals?_____________________
b. Whichareliquids?_____________________
c. Whichareactinides?_____________________
d. Whicharemainblockelements?_____________________
Topic8:CompoundNomenclature
28.Nameorgivetheformulaforthefollowingcompounds.Allionsincludedinthesummerletterarerequiredtobememorizedbynameandbyformula.
Name Formula
a. lithiumfluoride _____________
b. __________________________K2O
c. calciumphosphate _____________
d. __________________________MnCl2
e. silversulfide _____________
f. __________________________Cu2O
g. aluminumsulfate _____________
h. __________________________ZnCO3
i. chromium(III)phosphide _____________
j. __________________________SO3
k. lead(IV)hydroxide _____________
l. __________________________N2O5
m. ammoniumsulfite _____________
n.__________________________ BaCr2O7
o. sodiumperoxide _____________
p.__________________________ NH3(usecommonnames;seeppt/videosifnecessary)
q.nickel(II)hypochlorite _____________
r.__________________________ Fe(CN)3
s.rubidiumchromate _____________
t.__________________________ Mg3(PO4)2
Topic9:Equations29.Balancethefollowingequationsusingthelowestwhole-numbercoefficients.
a.__Fe+__P4à__Fe3P2
b.__Ca+__H2Oà__Ca(OH)2+__H2
c.__Ba(OH)2+__H3PO4à__Ba3(PO4)2+__H2O
d.__(NH4)2CO3+__Al(ClO3)3à__Al2(CO3)3+__NH4ClO3
30.Writebalancedchemicalequationsforthefollowingwordequations.Usethelowestpossiblewhole-numbercoefficientstobalancetheequations.
a. Aqueoussolutionsofammoniumsulfateandbariumnitrateformaprecipitateofbariumsulfateandaqueousammoniumnitrate.
b. Elementalmagnesiumandoxygengascombinetoformsolidmagnesiumoxide.
c. Chlorinegasandaqueouspotassiumbromidereacttoformbromineliquidandaqueouspotassiumchloride.
d. Solidcopper(II)carbonatedecomposestoformcrystalsofcopper(II)oxideandcarbondioxidegas.
e. Sulfuricacidisneutralizedbylithiumhydroxidetoformwaterandaqueouslithiumsulfate.
f. Liquidbenzene,C6H6,undergoescombustioninoxygengas,makingcarbondioxidegasandsteam.
Topic10:MoleConversions&Stoichiometry
Showyourwork.Nowork=nocredit.Followsignificantfiguresandroundingrules.Includeappropriateunits.
31. a.Calculatethenumberofmolesin500.atomsofiron(Fe).
b.Whatisthemolarmassoflead(IV)carbonate,Pb(CO3)2?
c.Howmanyformulaunitsarepresentin87.2gramsoflead(IV)carbonate?
d.Whatpercentageofoxygenisfoundinlead(IV)carbonate?Roundyouranswerto0.1%.
32.ThereusableboosterrocketsoftheU.S.spaceshuttleemployedamixtureofaluminumandammoniumperchlorateforfuel.Apossiblereactionforthisis:
__Al(s)+__NH4ClO4(s)à__Al2O3(s)+__AlCl3(s)+_NO(g)+__H2O(g)
a.Balancetheabovereactionusingthelowestpossiblewhole-numbercoefficients.
b.If4.00gofaluminumreactedcompletely,howmanygramsofaluminumoxidewouldbemade?
c.If4.18gofaluminumchloridewasproduced,howmanymolesofammoniumperchloratewouldbeconsumed?
d.Howmanymoleculesofnitrogenmonoxidewouldformif6.3x1025formulaunitsofaluminumoxidewerealsoproduced?
33.Thedecompositionofammoniaisshowninthefollowingequation:2NH3(g)àN2(g)+3H2(g).
a.42.0gofnitrogenhaswhatvolumeinlitersatSTP?
b.150LofNH3undergoesdecompositiontoformhowmanylitersofhydrogengasatSTP?
c.HowmanylitersofammoniaweredecomposedatSTPif3.0x1023nitrogenmoleculeswere
made?