ap chapter 04

A Festival, painted by a German visitor to Georgia

A German visitor to Georgia painted this watercolor of a Yuchi ceremony, which he

titled A Festival. The guns hanging inside the shelter were probably acquired from

English traders in South Carolina. (Royal Library Copenhagen)

A Festival, painted by a German visitor to Georgia

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Unhealthy Chesapeake

Short lives for early settlers Malaria, dysentery & typhoid born did not survive their 20 th birthday few lived to 50

Fewer women: 6 -to -1 ratio in 1650 Few children reached adulthood with both parents

Few grandparents Population growth came from immigrants until end of the 17 th centur y

Tobacco trade card, Philadelphia, 1770

This trade card (advertisement) issued by a Philadelphia tobacco dealer in 1770

shows a convivial group of wealthy men at a tavern. The leisurely activity depicted

here and the advertisement itself were signs of the new rituals of consumption.

Merchants began to advertise only when their customers could choose among

different ways of spending money. (Library Company of Philadelphia)

Tobacco trade card, Philadelphia, 1770


The Tobacco Economy

Tobacco grows well,

Exhausts soil

Creates need for new

land

Labor -intensive crop

Indian slaves/workers

did not work out

The Tobacco Economy

Indentured Servants

of immigrant

population

Headright System

100 acres of land to

those who paid

passage

Virginia & Maryland

Tobacco plantation

While a planter smokes a pipe and confers with his overseer, slaves on this Chesapeake

plantation perform all of the tasks related to planting, cultivating, harvesting, sorting,

packaging, and delivering the profitable tobacco. Slaves also fashioned the tools for

coopering and made barrels for transporting hogsheads of "the weed." Ships in the

background navigate right up to the edge of the plantation lands. (Library of Congress)

Tobacco plantation


Early Virginia

Governor William Berkeley (1642 1670)

Appointed by King

Growth in population 1650 - 16,000

1660 - 40,000

House of Burgesses Berkeley influenced (i.e.

Landowners only could vote

Conflict with Tidewater Gentry (east) and Back -Country gentry (west)

Bacon's Rebellion, 1676

Nathaniel Bacon - Gentry in the back -country

Under representation in House of Burgesses

Indian uprising in west Resented White encroachment

No help for settlers from government in Jamestown

Berkeley had a lucrative fur trade with the Indians


Bacon attacked the Indians including a peaceful tribe

Burned down Jamestown

End of revolt Bacon died suddenly

22 executed for rebellion


Significance:

Social class conflict

Indians v. Whites

Power potential of landless masses

Landowners shifted to importing African slaves

Perpetual slavery would not require westward expansion.

African slavery, inland trade

Slavery was widespread in Africa long before Portuguese traders started landing along the

continent's western coastline. For centuries African slaves were primarily debtors, criminals, or

captives of wars, and slavery was often a temporary condition. Once Europeans came, slaves were

permanently removed from Africa, and almost always for lifelong slavery. Europeans who landed

at the Gold Coast, or what became known as the "Slave Coast," reached farther and farther into the

interior to take larger numbers of Africans into bondage. (Paris, Bibliothque Nationale de France,

photo B.n.F.)

African slavery, inland trade


Slavery in America

Portuguese dominated trade at first

Heavy trade in Caribbean & the southern c olonies

11 million to N & S America & the Caribbean

Middle Passage Horrific ship life between Africa and New World

Royal African Co. of England had a monopoly

Middle Passage

Slave ship

This plan graphically depicts the crowded, unsanitary conditions under which

enslaved Africans were packed like cargo and transported across the Atlantic.

(Library of Congress)

Slave ship


Growth of Slavery

Numbers: By 1700 = 25,000 in America

By 1760 = 250,000 N. England=16,000

Middle colonies= 29,000

South had the rest

Totals: 10 million blacks taken from Africa

400,000 taken to North America

Most to South America or West Indies

Growth of Slavery

Change in status: At first--indentured servants Early 1700s--permanent status as slaves.

Justification --considered an inferior race .

Slave Codes : Numbers of slave increased = harsher treatment All descents of slaves were also property (or chattels ) Illegal to teach a slave to read and write

Developing African American Culture

Population: 3/4 lived on plantations of 10 or more slaves.

1/2 lived in communities of 50 or more

Families & Culture: In more populated areas --developed strong & elaborate family structures.

"GullahEnglish and African

Most slaves were field hands, some learned trades and crafts.

The southern plantation was a self -contained unit.

Developing African American Culture

Resistance: NY slave revolt, 1712:

12 Whites killed;21 Blacks executed

South Carolina, 1739: Stono Rebellion

50 slaves tried to get to Spanish Florida

Most resistance was passive: Running away, breaking tools, faking illnesses etc .

Stono Rebellion

Plantations & Southern Society

ap chapter 04

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