ap art history - typepad › files › lecture-power-point...5 merovingian and saxon art •...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Unit 6
Early Medieval Europe
AP Art History
2
Early Medieval Sites in Europe
3
Goals
• Understand the distinctive artistic traditions of the European
peoples after the fall of the Roman Empire.
• Understand the chronological placement of this period following
the fall of the western Roman Empire in the fourth century but
preceding the Romanesque period of the 11th century.
• Know the different types of art, media, and their respective
cultures.
• Appreciate the role of Christian monks in preserving and creating
art
• Trace influences of medieval art styles.
• Examine the secular and religious architectural forms in the early
Middle Ages.
4
Northern European Art
• Understand the artistic, technical and stylistic traditions of
the northern European peoples.
• Know the different types of art and the respective cultures
associated with the Merovingians, Anglo-Saxons, and
Vikings.
• Examine the artistic traditions applied to a variety of media,
such as wood, stone, and metal.
5
Merovingian and Saxon Art
• Understand the artistic, technical and stylistic traditions.
• Know the different types of art and the respective cultures
associated with the Merovingians and Saxons.
6
Figure 16-2 Pair of Merovingian looped fibulae, from Jouy-le-Comte, France, mid-sixth century. Silver gilt worked in filigree,
with inlays of garnets and other stones, 4” high. Musée d’Archéologie nationale, Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
7
Figure 16-3 Purse cover, from the Sutton Hoo ship burial in Suffolk, England, ca. 625. Gold, glass, and cloisonné garnets, 7 1/2”
long. British Museum, London.
8
Interlaced Animal Style
• Examine the European artistic traditions applied to a variety
of media, such as wood, stone, and metal.
• Notice the imagery includes intertwined ribbon-like designs
called interlacing as well as abstract animal imagery. These
design features reflect the cultures of pre-Christian Northern
Europe.
9
Figure 16-4 Animal-head post, from the Viking ship burial, Oseberg, Norway, ca. 825. Wood, head 5” high. University Museum
of National Antiquities, Oslo.
10
Figure 16-5 Wooden portal of the stave church at
Urnes, Norway, ca. 1050–1070.
11
Hiberno-Saxon Art (6th to 10th centuries)
• Understand the Saxon artistic influence in the British Isles.
• Understand the early influence of Christianity and the ways
in which indigenous art forms serve the cause of Christianity.
• Describe the specific art elements and principles of design
applied to the illuminated manuscripts, Celtic crosses and
other objects.
• Observe the continuation of interlacing and abstract animal
imagery. Why did art used for Christian purposes retain these
qualities?
12
Figure 16-6 Man (symbol of Saint Matthew),
folio 21 verso of the Book of Durrow, possibly
from Iona, Scotland, ca. 660–680. Ink and
tempera on parchment, 9 5/8” X 6 1/8”.
Trinity College Library, Dublin.
13
Figure 16-1 Cross-inscribed carpet page, folio
26 verso of the Lindisfarne Gospels, from
Northumbria, England, ca. 698–721. Tempera
on vellum, 1’ 1 1/2” X 9 1/4”. British Library,
London.
14
Figure 16-7 Saint Matthew, folio 25 verso of
the Lindisfarne Gospels, from Northumbria,
England, ca. 698–721. Tempera on vellum, 1’
1 1/2” X 9 1/4”. British Library, London.
15
Figure 16-8 Chi-rho-iota (XPI) page, folio 34
recto of the Book of Kells, probably from Iona,
Scotland, late eighth or early ninth century.
Tempera on vellum, 1’ 1” X 9 1/2”. Trinity
College Library, Dublin.
Medieval Christian Monks
• Understand the role of Christian monks in preserving and
creating illuminated manuscripts in scriptoria
• Examine the layout of a medieval monastery
16
17
Celtic Crosses
• Describe the specific art elements and principles of design
applied to the Celtic crosses.
18
Figure 16-9 High Cross of Muiredach (east face),
Monasterboice, Ireland, 923. Sandstone, 18’ high.
19
Carolingian Art (9th century – present day France and Germany)
• Understand the political and religious influences on art and
architecture during the Carolingian period.
• Understand the ‘revival of learning’ and the art of the book
as a result of Charlemagne’s interests.
• Examine the secular and religious architectural forms in the
Carolingian period.
20
Figure 16-12 Equestrian portrait of Charlemagne or
Charles the Bald, from Metz, France, ninth century.
Bronze, originally gilt, 9 1/2” high. Louvre, Paris.
21
The Carolingian Renovation
• Observe how Charlemagne’s empire revived Roman art and
architectural forms. Why did he desire to do this?
• Understand the ‘revival of learning’ and the art of the book.
22
Figure 16-13 Saint Matthew, folio 15 recto of the Coronation Gospels (Gospel Book of Charlemagne), from Aachen, Germany, ca. 800–
810. Ink and tempera on vellum, 1’ 3/4” X 10”. Schatzkammer, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.
23
Figure 16-14 Saint Matthew, folio 18 verso of the Ebbo Gospels (Gospel Book of Archbishop Ebbo of Reims), from Hautvillers (near Reims), France, ca. 816–835. Ink and tempera on vellum, 10 1/4” X 8 3/4”. Bibliothèque Municipale, Épernay.
24
Art of Charlemagne’s Court
• Examine the gold and jeweled secular and religious court art
under Charlemagne and his successors.
25
Figure 16-16 Crucifixion, front cover of the
Lindau Gospels, from Saint Gall, Switzerland,
ca. 870. Gold, precious stones, and pearls, 1’
1 3/8” X 10 3/8”. Pierpont Morgan Library,
New York.
26
Carolingian Architecture
• Examine the secular and religious architectural forms in the
Carolingian period.
Figure 16-17 Restored plan of the Palatine Chapel of
Charlemagne, Aachen, Germany, 792-805.
27
28
Figure 16-18 Interior of the Palatine Chapel of
Charlemagne, Aachen, Germany, 792–805.
29
Figure 16-20 Westwork of the abbey
church, Corvey, Germany, 873–885.
Figure 16-19 Schematic plan for a monastery at
Saint Gall, Switzerland, ca. 819. Red ink on
parchment, 2’ 4” X 3’ 8 1/8”. Stiftsbibliothek, Saint
Gall.
30
31
Ottonian Art (10th century Germany)
• Examine the architecture associated with the Ottonians, its
formal origins and its later influence.
• Understand the architectural and free standing sculptural
traditions of the Ottonians.
• Compare and contrast Ottonian and Carolingian art
• Examine the styles of the Ottonian illuminated manuscripts.
32
Architecture of the Ottonians
• Examine the architecture, its formal origins and its later
influence.
33
Figure 16-21 Nave of the church of Saint Cyriakus,
Gernrode, Germany, 961–973.
34
Figure 16-22 Saint Michael’s, Hildesheim, Germany, 1001–1031.
35
Figure 16-23 Longitudinal
section (top) and plan (bottom)
of the abbey church of Saint
Michael’s, Hildesheim,
Germany, 1001–1031.
36
Ottonian Sculpture
• Understand the architectural sculpture associated with St.
Michael’s at Hildesheim, Germany.
• Examine the free standing sculptural traditions of the
Ottonians.
37
Figure 16-24 Doors with relief panels (Genesis, left door; life of
Christ, right door), commissioned by Bishop Bernward for Saint
Michael’s, Hildesheim, Germany, 1015. Bronze, 16’ 6” high. Dom-
Museum, Hildesheim.
38
Figure 16-25 Column with reliefs illustrating the life of Christ,
commissioned by Bishop Bernward for Saint Michael’s, Hildesheim,
Germany, ca. 1015–1022. Bronze, 12’ 6” tall. Dom-Museum, Hildesheim.
39
Figure 16-26 Crucifix commissioned by
Archbishop Gero for Cologne Cathedral,
Germany, ca. 970. Painted wood, height of
figure 6’ 2”. Cathedral, Cologne.
40
Ottonian Illuminated Manuscripts
• Examine the appearance of the Ottonian illuminated
manuscripts.
• Notice the golden backgrounds and linear figural styles in
Ottonian illuminated manuscripts --- Ottonian leaders
developed significant contacts with the Byzantine empire.
41
Figure 16-28 Annunciation to the Shepherds,
folio in the Lectionary of Henry II, from Reichenau,
Germany, 1002–1014. Tempera on vellum,
approx. 1’ 5” X 1’ 1”. Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek, Munich.
42
Figure 16-29 Otto III enthroned, folio
24 recto of the Gospel Book of Otto III,
from Reichenau, Germany, 997–1000.
Tempera on vellum, 1’ 1” x 9 3/8”.
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich.
43
Discussion Questions
In what ways did medieval European art and architecture
depart from classical Roman art and architecture? Did any
of the civilizations retain characteristics of Roman art and
architecture? Explain.
Compare the three major manuscript styles that developed
in the Middle Ages.
What previous styles of art influenced medieval European
art?