Anxiety DisordersTYPES:

Phobic Disorder

Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Stress Disorders

Dissociative

Lany, Cameron, Jessica, Holly

Dissociative Amnesia

• Characterized by a sudden loss of memory usually following a particularly stressful or traumatic event.

• A person experiencing this type can’t remember any events that occurred around the traumatic event.

• It can last between a few hours or years.

• Amnesia rarely occurs again

• Can’t be explained biologically

Dissociative Fugue

• Suddenly relocating from home or work and taking on a new identity.

• Usually follows a traumatic event

• Reported most frequently during war time and natural disasters

• When it comes to an end they no longer remember what happened

during the fugue state.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

The existence of two or more personalities within one person.

Various personalities may or may not be aware of the others.

Each personality is likely to be different from the others.

People with this were usually severely abused in childhood.

Depersonalization Disorder

Feelings of detachment from one’s mental process or body

People with this describe being outside of their body

Most common among psychiatric patients

Preceded by a stressful event

Explaining Dissociative Disorders

The person expresses undesirable urges by developing other personalities that can take responsibility for them.

Learned not to think about disturbing events in order to avoid feelings of guilt, pain, or shame.

Neither cognitive nor biological theorists have offered a complete for explanation for dissociative disorders.

There is no convincing evidence that either biological or genetic factors play a role in the development.

Somatoform Disorders

ByKathleen Urchek

Jean PowersJohnathan Harvell

What Does Somatoform Mean?

Somatization- the expression of psychological distress through physical symptoms.

Symptoms include: Depression, Distinguished Emotional Imbalance, and possible paralysis.

Types of Somatoform Disorders

Conversion DisorderHypochondriasis

Conversion Disorder

The experience in how one under goes a change in or loss of physical functioning in a major part of the body for which there is no known medical explanation.

Although, when one does undergo this change, people with conversion disorder seem to be not concerned about the physical symptoms that appear upon their body.

Hypochondriasis

Also referred as hypochondria.

An experience in which a person’s unrealistic preoccupation with thoughts that he or she has a serious disease.

People with hypochondria usually have minor symptoms and sensations in which they base their belief of a serious illness on.

Psychoanalytic Theory

Psychoanalytic theorist suggest that somatoform disorders occur when individuals repress emotions associated with forbidden urges and instead express them symbolically in physical symptoms. The physical symptoms thus represent a compromise between the unconscious need to express feelings and the fear of actually expressing them.

Cognitive Theory

Cognitive theorists believe that people with conversion disorder “convert” psychological stress into actual medical problems.

Example: Fighter pilot may lose his ability to see at nighttime due to him being under great anxiety during a mission because of how he feels about the mission.

Biological Theory

Biological Theorist suggest that somatoform symptoms can serve as a reinforcer if they successfully allow a person to escape from anxiety. There are also some indications that biological or genetic factors may play a role in the development of somatoform disorders.

Allen CooneKyle Hart

Tommy Doles

Mood

Mood Disorder

Mood disorder- Mood response commonly inappropriate or inconsistent for situation it's responding to.

Mood disorders fall generally into two categories:

Depression (feelings of helplessness, guilt, worthlessness, and great sadness) and

Bipolar disorder (cycle of mood changes from depression to “wild elation” and back again)

Major Depression

Depression is by far the most common of all the psychological disorders and approx 8-18% of the poplulation in their lifetime (1982)

Diagnosed when an individual experiences at least 5 of the following:

Persistent depressed mood for most of the day

Loss of interest or pleasure in all, or almost all activities

Significant weight loss or gain due to changes in appetite

Sleeping more or less than usual

Depression Symptoms Cont/

Speeding up or slowing down of physical and emotional reactions

Fatigue or loss of energy Feelings of worthlessness or unfounded guilt Reduced ability to concentrate or make

meaningful decisions Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

Bipolar Disorder Formerly called “manic depressive” Happens with periods of mania or extreme excitement

characterized by hyperactivity and chaotic behavior that can change into depression for no reason at all.

Symptoms include Inflated self esteem Inability to sit still or sleep restfully Pressure to keep talking and switching from topic to topic Racing thoughts (referred to as “flight of ideas” Difficulty concentrating

Psychological Views

Pyschoanalytic: Some people are prone to depression because of real or imagined loss in childhood

Learning: “Learned helplessness” which mean you make no effort to not be depressed makes people prone to depression

Cognitive: Depression due to people's habitual style of explaining life events.

Biological

Between 20-25% of depression cases have similar family members

Scientists believe 2 neurotransmitters (serotonin and noradrenaline) may partly explain genes and moods

Schizophrenia

Kara Lind, Diana Martinez, Emily Roberts

Period 1

Psychology II

Schizophrenia

Definition: Schizophrenia is a group of severe brain disorders in which people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions and disordered thinking and behavior. The ability of people with schizophrenia to function normally and to care for themselves tends to deteriorate over time.

SymptomsSymptoms:

In schizophrenia, positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions. These active, abnormal symptoms may include:

Delusions. These beliefs are not based in reality and usually involve misinterpretation of perception or experience. They are the most common of schizophrenic symptoms.

Hallucinations. These usually involve seeing or hearing things that don't exist, although hallucinations can be in any of the senses. Hearing voices is the most common hallucination among people with schizophrenia.

Thought disorder. Difficulty speaking and organizing thoughts may result in stopping speech midsentence or putting together meaningless words, sometimes known as "word salad."

Disorganized behavior. This may show in a number of ways, ranging from childlike silliness to unpredictable agitation.

Affective symptoms Schizophrenia also can affect mood, causing depression or mood swings. In addition, people with schizophrenia often seem inappropriate and odd, causing others to avoid them, which leads to social isolation.

Types

Types of Schizophrenia

Schizoaffective Disorder

For some people, depression or bipolar disorder symptoms are also part of the mix. Click here to learn more.

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Like the name says, symptoms are relatively brief but still quite severe. Learn more about the symptoms and treatment of brief psychotic disorder.

Schizophreniform Disorder

Find out how this short-term type of schizophrenia is different. Learn about the symptoms and treatment of schizophreniform disorder.

Delusional Disorder

Delusions are the main features of this serious condition. Find out the different types, symptoms, and treatment of delusional disorder.

Shared Psychotic Disorder

This is a rare condition in which an otherwise healthy person joins in on the delusions of a psychotic person. Learn more about the symptoms and treatment of shared psychotic disorder

Coping and SupportCoping and support

Coping with an illness as serious as schizophrenia can be challenging, both for the person with the condition and for friends and family. Here are some ways to cope with schizophrenia:

Learn about schizophrenia. Education about the condition can help motivate the person with the disease to stick to the treatment plan. Education can help friends and family understand the condition and be more compassionate with the person who has it.

Join a support group. Support groups for people with schizophrenia can help them reach out to others facing similar challenges. Support groups may also help family and friends cope.

Stay focused on goals. Recovery from schizophrenia is an ongoing process. Keeping recovery goals in mind can help the person with schizophrenia stay motivated. Help your loved one remember to take responsibility for managing the illness and working toward goals.

Learn relaxation and stress management. The person with the disease and loved ones may benefit from stress reduction technique such s as meditation, yoga or tai chi.

ComplicationsComplications

Left untreated, schizophrenia can result in severe emotional, behavioral and health problems, as well as legal and financial problems that affect every area of life. Complications that schizophrenia may cause or be associated with include:

Suicide

Self-destructive behavior, such as self-injury

Depression

Abuse of alcohol, drugs or prescription medications

Poverty

Homelessness

Family conflicts

Inability to work or attend school

Health problems from antipsychotic medications

Being a victim or perpetrator of violent crime

Heart disease, often related to heavy smoking

Famous People With SchizophreniaTom Harrell, Jazz Musician

Meera Popkin, Broadway Star

John Nash - Mathematician/Nobel Prize Winner

Albert Einstein's son - Eduard Einstein

Dr. James Watson's son (Dr. Watson is co-discover of DNA and Nobel Prize winner)

Alan Alda's Mother (Alan Alda is the famous TV actor from the series MASH)

Andy Goram - Scottish Soccer Player/Goal Keeper

Lionel Aldridge - Superbowl-winning Football Player

Peter Green, Guitarist for the band Fleetwood Mac

Syd Barrett of the band Pink Floyd

Alexander "Skip" Spence and Bob Mosley - both members of the 1960's rock group Moby Grape (and Jefferson Airplane for Skip Spence)

Roger Kynard "Roky" Erickson, of the Austin-based 1960's group TheThirteenth Floor Elevators

Joe Meek - 1960's British record producer

James Beck Gordon (Jim Gordon) - James Gordon had been, quite simply, one of the greatest drummers of his time

Charles "Buddy" Bolden - Jazz Musician

Antoin Artaud - Dramatist, Artist

Mary Todd Lincoln, wife of Abraham Lincoln (past-President of the United States)

Vaclav Nijinsky, Famous Russian Dancer

Jack Kerouac, Author, was diagnosed with Schizophrenia

Pics

Personality Disorders

Caitlin Gordon, Meghan Hyatt, LeeAnn Citron

Definition

Patters of inflexible traits that disrupt social life or work and/or distress the affected individual.

Types:

ParanoidSchizoidAntisocialAvoidant

Paranoid

Characteristics: suspiciousness and distrust about others’ motives

Think people are evil.

Tend to perceive other peoples behavior as threatening or insulting

Schizoid

Characteristics: detachment from social relationships

Lack normal emotional responsiveness

Often “loners”

Don’t have feelings for other people

Anti-Social

Characteristics: Disregard of the rights of others.

Don’t feel guilt or remorse.

Continue their behaviors despite the threat of social rejection or punishment.

In childhood, they run away from home, hurt animals, lie, steal

In adulthood, they have a hard time holding a job, don’t pay bills, break law

Avoidant

Characteristics: Social inhibition, feelings or inadequacy.

Desire relationships with other people.

Prevented from forming relationships by fear of disapproval. Because of this, they act shy and withdrawn in social situations and are always afraid they will do something embarrassing.

Psychological Views

Psychoanalytical: lack of guilt underlies the anti-social personality, due to problem of development of superego.

Learning: childhood experiences “teach” children how to relate to other people.

Cognitive: Antisocial adolescents tend to see other peoples behaviors as threatening even when it is not. Use faulty interpretations of other peoples actions to justify their own antisocial behavior.

Biological

Genetic Factors: Tends to run in families(antisocial), frontal part of brain in affected (antisocial), less likely to show guilt

Personality disorders are still unresolved, but the treatment has gotten better