anxiety disorder in youth
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Anxiety Disorder in Youth. Necessary Competencies. Friendship skills ( higher predictor success in life than poverty ) Strong interpersonal skills Adaptive/flexibility problem solving Need stress management skills. Prevalency Rates. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Anxiety Disorder in Youth
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Necessary Competencies
Friendship skills ( higher predictor success in life than poverty )
Strong interpersonal skills Adaptive/flexibility problem
solving Need stress management skills
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Prevalency Rates 13- 20 % adolescents have mental health
issues that are clinically sufficient, but only 1:6 contact mental health professionals
Of those seeking help for Mental health : 13% Anxiety disorder 10% Disruptive Behaviour disorder 10% mood disorders ( Depression ) 2% substance use disorder
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Some Complications of Untreated Anxiety
( Dodds, et al, 1997) Diminished academic achievement Impaired relationships Subsequent depression, alcohol
abuse, Greatest predictor of suicide
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Onset Mean age of onset 10-12 years old Often elevated IQ, teacher
pleasers Teachers are best referral resource Families often reluctant to seek
mental health support
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ANXIETY… Normal human emotion for survival;
smart for evolution; helped be alert from predators, prepared ; pay attention to possible dangers
Individual differences continuum ____________________________ low normal excess
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Causes of Anxiety Inborn, inherited tendency Shy or cautious temperament Unpredictable lifestyle Stressful experiences Learning from anxious parents Habit patterns of avoidance
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Anxiety is Developmental Infant/Toddler: separation Preschool: animals, dark, separation School age: performance,
adaptations, family change Pre-adolescence: health, performance,
social Adolescence: social, existential, future
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Anxiety is Physical Classic “Fight or flight “ response -sweating (slippery to get away) -pupils dilate ( to take in more light and gain more sensory input in order to react quickly to danger) - arousal ( increased heart rate, shallow breathing, shaking, dizzy) -aches (tension, headaches, muscles, fatigue) -sleep (insomnia)
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- the brain releases stress hormones, like epinephrine, and steroid hormones, like cortisol to give the body its much needed fuel to ward off the threat.
-Muscles become tense, heartbeats start accelerating, and blood sugar shoots up.
stomach ache, “scared peoples”
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Common Associated Features
Depressed, irritable moods, cries easily
Fidgety, nervous habits ( nail biting) Sleep problems ( huge sleep rituals) Headaches and stomach aches Difficulty coping, easily overwhelmed Perserverance- difficulty shifting tasks Low frustration threshold Perfectionist don’t want to disappoint
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Frequently Overlooked Features
Angry outbursts Oppositional behaviours- refusals, resistance Temper tantrums Aggression Attention seeking behaviours Hyperactivity, difficulty sitting still Attention and concentration skills underachieving
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1. Thoughts
4. Behaviour 2. Feelings
3. Physical Symptoms
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Normal vs. Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety is a problem if it:
- occurs too much of the time, or -is interfering with daily life
Remember: Internalized, so often doesn’t draw attention, often physical complaints
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Common Types of Anxiety Disorders
1) Separation Anxiety - age 5/6, then at 10, at 13 (usually girls)
2) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 1- 4 % , age 8-10 onset, engage behaviours to stop negative thought patterns; usually
high intelligence (movie: “As Good As It Gets” )
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3. Specific Phobias
Most people have at least one: -dogs, heights, spiders, public
speaking closed spaces, -Most common for kids is: Dogs -Most common for adult women:
Spiders -Most common for adult males: Heights
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4) Generalized Anxiety Disorder : -amongst most difficult to treat, not one trigger,
can have carry over to others
5) Social Anxiety Disorder: -everyone looking at me, judging me -typical adolescence - drop out of social situations 6) Panic disorder: -all at once, out of blue, - simulated heart attack (like over- excercise) -can’t tell difference, end up in ER;
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7. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
violent home, car accident, fire,
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Other common co-occurring
Depression More than one anxiety ADHD LD Tourettes/ticks
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Evidence Based treatments
Medications- anti-depressants (Prozac, Paxil) -benxodiozepines (Valium, Ativan) - Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)
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Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
Shift thinking cognition Calming tools, lower distress 5 main steps
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1. Teach about Anxiety Teach anxiety is normal, can be
helpful, not dangerous Talk about “talent for worrying”
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2. Recognize Anxiety Teach about worrying thoughts How affects body- draw Explain fight or flight ( physical
aspects) “false alarm” set “too sensitive,” like a fire alarm, name it - worry bug”
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3. Scale It 1-5; what number are you feeling ?
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4. Relaxing Tools Calm Breathing ( flower/ candle ) Progressive Muscle Relaxation Visual Imagery Counting Bubbles
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5. Stop Thought pattern Red light to Catastrophic Thought Green Light Come up with helpful brave thoughts, Write them down, draw them, over and
over One step at a time, worry box, step ladder “What’s your evidence?” “What’s the worst that can happen ?”