anthropometrics & ergonomics.ppt

7/26/2019 ANTHROPOMETRICS & ERGONOMICS.ppt

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Anthropometrics

The study of Anthropometrics (humanmeasurement) is concerned with the

physical sizes and shapes of

humans.Of particular interest are the

differences between and among

different populations (men vs. women,orthern !uropeans vs. "apanese).

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Anthropometric Variance Parameters

Gender

height, size,

weight,strength, and

body segment

proportion

Age

height, size,

weight,strength,

and body

segment

proportion

Ethnicity

height, size,

weight, andbody segment

proportion

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%!&!'

height, size, weight, strength, and body segment proportion


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A % !

height, size, weight, strength, and body segment proportion


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!T*++T-height, size, weight, strength, and body segment proportion


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Anthropometrics literally means

man(anthro) measurements

(metric).

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Percentile (inches)

ale 2emale

easurement 3th th 3th th

1.2orward 'each 26.9 24.0 25.1 22.2

#.!lbow *eight 44.6 39.5 41.5 36.1

$.4nuc5le *eight 31.0 27.2 28.6 24.8

.6houlder *eight 60.1 53.2 55.8 48.8

.!ye *eight 68.4 60.9 63.7 56.0

.6tature 73.2 64.4 67.7 59.5

/.Overhead 'each 84.8 75.2 78.8 69.2

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The study of the human body and itsmovements.

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+t is the measurement of the size

and proportions of the human

body, as well as parameters suchas reach and visual range

capabilities.

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Accurate data on height, weight,limb, and body segment sizes are

needed to design items ranging

from clothing, furniture,

automobiles, buses, and subway

cars to space shuttles and spacestations.

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Anthropometrics enables us to

properly size items, includingsystem interfaces, to 8fit8 the user.

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To properly select the data to use, we must5now something about our population

composition, and we must 5now what

percentage of the population we wish to

accommodate. The anthropometric range

will be much different if we are designing

products for male, professional bas5etball

players than if we are designing for thegeneral public.

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1st 5th 50th 95th 99th!" 63.1 64.8 69.1 73.5 75.2

#$!" 58.4 60.2 64.1 68.4 70.1

%&A&'! " "*+!%

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,'"*&$"A- !A*+ " "*+!%

1st 5th 50th 95th 99th

!" 28.4 29.1 31.5 34.1 35.3

#$!" 25.9 26.7 28.9 31.4 32.4

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+n choosing the proper anthropometric

measurements to use, we must 5now not only the

user population, but also the specific applicationor design problem. +f we are designing overhead

luggage rac5s for public transportation,

accommodating 379 of the rider population is

probably sufficient.

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*owever, if we are

determining theposition of an

emergency button,

we should designto accommodate

339 of the rider

population,including

wheelchair users.

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: !ncircled dimension is that of an !lectric ;heelchair

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+ih ,or/ar each -imit

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+ih an -o/ %ie each -imits

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!ronomics

!rgonomics is the science of ma5ingthe wor5 environment safer and more

comfortable for wor5ers using design

and anthropometric data.

The study of people and their

relationship with the environmentaround them.

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The term


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!rgonomics draws on many

disciplines in its study of humans and

their environments, includinganthropometry, biomechanics,

engineering, 5inesiology, physiology

and psychology.

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6imply put, human factors involves

wor5ing to ma5e the environmentfunction in a way that seems natural

to people. Although the terms 8human

factors8 and 8ergonomics8 have only

been widely 5nown in recent times,

the field?s origin is in the design and

use of aircraft during ;orld ;ar ++ to

improve aviation safety.

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;hatever you design you must

always 5eep in mind that it must fitthe person it is designed for. Adults

and children come in all sorts of

shapes and sizes. ;e all li5e anddisli5e a variety of colors, sounds,

shapes etc.. and so when we design

all these factors must be borne in

mind.

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*onentional attress %ies*onentional attress %ies


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*onentional attress %ies*onentional attress %ies

*ot 31 74

&/in 39 75

+ospital &/in 30 80

-&/in 39 80

+ospital -&/in 30 84-on &/in 39 84

&hree arter 48 75

ice : Anti;e in 72 84

#estern >in 72 84

7 ,oot on 84

8 ,oot on 96$#


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;hen designing a chair it is

important that the chair fits

the person who is going to sitin it. @sually the seating

height is calculated by

measuring the mostcomfortable seating height for

the person. +f a number of

people are going to use the

chair then the averageseating height is calculated

for a large number of people.

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;hen designing a toy

there are a number ofpoints to consider. hildren

learn from sound, sight,

color, movement and otheraspects. These all

contribute to the

ergonomics oranthropometrics of a

design.


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;hatever you are designing

ergonomics and anthropometricsare always points to consider.

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!nvironmental design in the oldfashioned sense

develops physical environments, both interior and

eBterior, to meet one or more aesthetic or daytoday functional needs, or to create a specific sort of

eBperience the focus being the humandesigned

environment. !nvironmental design includes such

specialties as architects, acoustical scientists,

engineers, environmental scientists, landscape

architects, urban planning, interior designers,

lighting designers, and exhibition designers. +nmany situations, historic preservation can be added

to this list. Another recent addition to this general

area might be 8isa?ilit= access8.

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onsider designing a handle for adoor. *andles are designed to fit the

average hand comfortably.

easurements are ta5en of the handsof thousands of people and the

average measurements are wor5ed

out. The design of the handle is basedon these measurements.


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The diagram opposite

shows the

measurement that

would be ta5en for the

average width of a

hand. Once theaverage width of the

hand is wor5ed out,

the door handle canbe designed to fit this

measurement.

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!@$"$*% !AP-! A#"@%

+f measuring the comfortable seating height for a person,draw an ergonomic person sitting on a chair or a stool and

clearly label the distance you are trying to find. ?C? is

mar5ed on the diagram.

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!@$"$*% !AP-! A#"@%


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This diagram displays the comfortable reaching distance of

a designer. The diagram was used in a proDect which was

aimed at designing a drawing board and adDustable stand.

The reaching distance is labelled ?A?. +t is important that

statistics for this distance are collected.

!@$"$*% !AP-! A#"@%

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!@$"$*% !AP-! A#"@%


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!@$"$*% !AP-! A#"@%

This diagram would be suitable for a designer attempting towor5 out the correct height for the light source of an

adDustable tableEreading lamp. &istance ?F? is mar5ed on

the drawing.

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!@$"$*% !AP-! A#"@%


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!@$"$*% !AP-! A#"@%

&istance ?? represents the comfortable height for a

footstool.

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basic and average sizes (based

on 37 percentile) of human

beings performing variousfunctions and movements


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iaram 1depicts the

average heights

and widths of

various parts ofthe body face

on. @se this in

relation to Doinery

and space

planning.


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iaram 2depicts theaverage maBimum

distance of

outstretched arms.This may be usedwhen planning a small

bathroom and thedistance need for

drying ones self.


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iaram 3depicts

the various heights

and lengths of parts

of the body with the

legs bent as for

sitting or climbing.

'elate this to chairs

and tables.

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iaram 4depicts the

reach of forward

outstretched arms.

'eference to this is

important withcupboards and shelves

over benches and to

windows behind

furniture.

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iaram 5depicts the

maBimum reach (flat

footed) straight up. This

can be referred to for themaBimum height of close

shelves or cupboards

while also considering

the angle.

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iaram 6depicts the

height of the forearm

when standing and bent

at right angles. This isuseful for determining the

heights of wor5 surfaces.

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iaram 7depicts

the height of a

person when

5neeling or

crouching down.-ou can determine

minimum heights

of shelving or basic

reach.

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iaram 8depicts the

height of a medium

use wor5bench. +t also

shows space allocated

for the front of the foot

to fit under the bench.

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iaram 9depicts a person sitting at a table. The

height of the chair and table are shown in relation to

the body.

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iarams 10 an 11depict heights and widths of

shelves showing the reach reGuired and also the eye

line.

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iaram 12depicts a person in sitting position showing

the base of the bent forearm to the seat height for

armrests, the thic5ness of the thigh and the height from the

base of the thigh to the floor for clearance under tables.

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iaram 13shows

where the eyes height

in relation to the floor.

@se this to determine

placing of items such

as switching or

signage.

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iaram 14depicts the

length of the legs and

body combined when

sitting on the floor or

bed. @se this to help

determine leg room

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anthropometrics & ergonomics.ppt

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