A N S W E R T H E F O L L O W I N G M U LT I P L E C H O I C E ? S

THE WAR NOBODY WONAND THE SECOND AMERICAN

REVOLUTION

8. Which trend characterized Thomas Jefferson's presidency?

a. A massive government bureaucracy to provide work for unemployed Americans b. Smaller government and a decrease in the national debt c. Removal of all Federalist officeholders d. Neutrality with France and Britain, reinforced by laws that restricted the naturalization of foreigners and punished critics of the government

9. What was the significance of the trip west by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark?

a. Their descriptions of western lands convinced Thomas Jefferson to make the Louisiana Purchase. b. They discovered gold and silver in the Rocky Mountains, prompting massive migration to the area. c. Their maps and journals provided valuable information. d. They forged a strong alliance with the Sioux Indians.

10. Why did the United States officially declare war on Great Britain in 1812? a. The war hawks wanted more land in the West and Britain out of the way. b. The British refused to alter their policy of ignoring American neutrality and continued the impressment of Americans. c. Americans felt that Great Britain did not respect them as an independent country. d. The British had blockaded American ports, causing economic distress throughout the country.

NAPOLEONIC WAR 1803-1815

• Forces Great Britain to fight a war in Europe and North America

• America will take a back seat until Napoleon surrenders

• Battle or Trafalgar- British destroy the Napoleonic fleet.

• bcb

ECONOMIC WARFARE

• Continental System (France wants to keep Britain and Allies from trading with Europe)

• Berlin and Milan Decrees (barred British trade)• Orders in Council (Britain blockades European

trade with America)• America’s dilemma? Neutrality?

IMPRESSMENT

• “Floating hell”: few volunteers- impressed into service… deserters

• Native born vs. naturalization- lines were blurredChesapeake (USA) vs. Leopard (UK)• Demand an end to impressment- British pay

reparations but do not end impressment• Embargo Act of 1807- major depression within the

United States• “Peaceable Coercion…” avoid war but ends his

presidency• Nonimportation

JAMES MADISON 1809-1817

• Nonintercourse Act= Britain embargoed• Macon’s Bill #2… replaces the Nonintercourse

Act: opens trade but gives Presidential authority to stop trade if either France or Britain interferes with American trading. America would automatically stop trade with Britain by 1811 unless Britain stopped its restrictions with American shipping

TECUMSEH & THE PROPHET

William Henry Harrison- governor of Indian territory: Jefferson’s assimilation policy (good white settlers or leave)• Shawnee Indian Confederation• The Prophet- preached against all things white• Tecumseh “the shooting star”- Shoshone chief tries to

unite the Indians of the Mississippi valley• Harrison had negotiated with individual tribes and not with

the whole of the natives (Tecumseh Confederation)= invalid in native eyes

• Battle of Tippecanoe (William Henry Harrison): November 1811- Tecumseh traveling, Harrison attacks Prophetstown

• Curse of Tecumseh- every 20 years a president will die while serving

CAUSES OF THE WAR

• Impressment- seizure of ships• British and Native Americans- protection from

expansion• Congressional election of 1810… War Hawks-

Henry Clay (Speaker of the House), John C. Calhoun (Committee on Foreign Affairs)

• Prizes: Canada • Florida- Spanish territory, but allied with the

British (Indian raids, escaped slaves traveled there)

WAR OF 1812

• Northwest Failures… Canadian Invasion• Forts Detroit, Niagara• Some success at Lake Erie- Oliver Hazard Perry• William H. Harrison… Thames River in Canada-

death of Tecumseh

AT SEA & EAST

• USS Constitution- Old Ironsides• Washington DC- retaliation for the burning of the

Canadian capital, York• Army heads north to Baltimore• Fort McHenry- Francis Scott Key

SOUTHWEST

• Andrew Jackson• Indian raids from the Creek in Florida- Americans

respond:• Battle of Horseshoe Bend• Commissioned Major General, Jackson heads

south and takes Pensacola

NEW ORLEANS 1815

• Port of New Orleans• Jackson with Tennesseans, Kentuckians, Creoles,

blacks, pirates, and regular army troops.• British attack well fortified troops but the US held

with 500 prisoners, 700 dead, 1400 wounded: US- 8 killed, 13 wounded

• Victory? But wait… the war is over

FEDERALIST’S LAST GASP

• Hartford Convention 1814• Northeast New England Federalists• “Mr. Madison’s War”• Constitutional Amendments… and nullification• Possible secession

But the victory at New Orleans and peace treaty ended support, and Federalists die off.

TREATY OF GHENT

• December 24, 1814• States- Antebellum: no change (Britain gave on

the grounds after being exhausted from the Napoleonic Wars)

• 1815: commercial treaty: rights to trade freely• 1817: Rush Bagot Agreement- mutual

disarmament on the Great Lakes by 1872- largest unprotected border in the world.

• Indians were greatly weakened- no British protection and the unity broken with Tecumseh’s death.