Revolution! Chapter 61775-1783

Section 1; Early Battles

•Lexington/Concord- few vs. 700▫Who won?

•What does it take to start a revolution against the British?▫Green Mountain

Boys- 1775

What do we do now?•Second Continental Congress-

▫Philadelphia, May 10, 1775▫They take 3 major actions that seem to

contradict each other.

State House- Philadelphia

Strengths and weaknesses of both sides•What might they be?

Boston, MA, in June of 1775. Whatis happeningin the painting?

Bunker Hill/Breed’s Hill• 1200 vs. 2400• William Prescott vs. William Howe• “Don’t shoot until you see the whites of their

eyes!” Why?

Washington arrives• 16000 volunteers

are camped around Boston

• Washington begins training

• By March, 1776, Howe leaves to Halifax, Canada

• King George III orders blockade of all ports

William Howe King George III

William PrescottG-Dub

Americans attack Canada

•Why do that?•Montreal seized

in fall of 1775•On to Quebec•Result?

Section 1 Questions• 1. What did Ethan Allan and his followers do in May

1775?

• 2. What 3 actions did the 2nd Continental Congress take in 1775?

• 3.What were the strengths and weaknesses of both sides?

• 4. What was the significance of Bunker Hill, and who led the troops on both sides?

• 5. Why did English troops leave New England in the spring of 1776?

• 6. Why did the Americans attack Canada, and what was the result?

Section 2; Independence Declared• King George’s

response to the Olive Branch Petition…

• Thomas Paine’s Common Sense January 1776▫500,000 copies

sold in 6 months▫Argued for

independence

The Fateful Step• June 1776,

Philadelphia• They knew they would

be traitors if caught• Decided to select a

committee to write up the declaration:▫ John Adams, Benjamin

Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman

• Voted July 2nd, accepted July 4th ▫ Most important date in

American history

Independence Hall, Philadelphia

The Declaration•Lists unalienable rights

•Consent of the governed•Duty to protect rights

•Lists British wrongdoings•What King George III haddone that was out of line

•Announces that they cut tieswith Britain

•Want to ally with othercountries.

Loyalist or Patriot?• Where would your loyalty lie?• Loyalists/Tories vs. Patriots

• “God, King, and Country!”• Franklin and his own son• Location of most patriots?

Section 2 Questions

1. Why did Thomas Paine’s pamphlet appeal to so many colonists? What arguments did it make?

2. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence, and when was it adopted? Who signed it first?

3. How does the Declaration potentially encourage future revolutions?

4. What British Wrongs were listed in the Declaration? Turn to page 646, pick 6 “wrongs” and put them in your own words.

5. Where were most loyalists located and what challenges did they face?

Section 3; Desperate Days•Summer 1776, fighting shifts to middle

states•Flotilla lands at New York

Britain Colonies

Number of troops

34,000 Less than 20,000

Sailors 10,000 None

Navy 45 ships arrive at first; 300 by August 1776

No Ships

Washington on the Run• Washington loses 1400 at

Battle of Long Island• Retreats to Manhattan

where he is forced to flee again

• Forced across Hudson River to New Jersey

• Forced across Delaware River to Pennsylvania

• In other words, it’s not going well

• Nathan Hale- spy- “I regret that I have but one life to give for my country”

Washington catches a break•By December Washington’s situation was bleak•Paine’s The Crisis-

▫ “These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country, but he that stands in now deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.”

•Trenton

•Princeton▫New hope!

A New British Strategy• Early 1777- General John

Burgoyne• Meet at Albany and crush

the forces there• St. Leger and Howe get held

up at Brandywine and Stanwix

• Only Burgoyne goes to Albany

• Battle of Saratoga▫ Turning point▫ Ben Franklin, Louis XVI; 1778▫ Military aid and recognition

Cold Winter at Valley Forge

• Winter 1777-1778- Pennsylvania

• Frostbite, no clothes, food

• Swindled by other colonists

• Some help arrived- Martha Washington

Help from Abroad• Marquis de Lafayette

▫ French noble• Casimir Pulaski

▫ Polish; trained cavalry• Bernardo de Galvez

▫ Spain- secret supplier▫ Spain joined 1779 and

attacked British in the south

• Friedrich von Steuben▫ Prussian commander▫ Did serious work;

training & motivation

Section 3 Questions• 1. Describe the battles that took place in New York. Who

won?• 2. How could the colonists have used Nathan Hale’s story as

propaganda?• 3. What did Thomas Paine mean when he talked about the

“summer soldier” and the “sunshine patriot” in The Crisis?• 4. What happened at the battles of Trenton and Princeton?• 5. Describe General Burgoyne’s strategy that he presented

to George III in 1777. • 6. How did the summer battles of 1777 differ from what

happened at Saratoga. Briefly describe each battle (4 total)• 7. In what ways was Saratoga a turning point?

Who joined each side?Cherokee

Who is he? His ship?

Peter Salem

“All menare createdequal…”

Betsy Ross Martha Washington

Mary Ludwig Hays; “Molly Pitcher”Deborah Sampson

(What it wasn’t really like, but vaguely similar… okay not really at all)

Section 4 Questions• 1. What Native American groups took sides in the

Revolutionary war, and why?• 2. How could John Paul Jones’ attack with the Bonhomme

Richard be used as propaganda? Describe his victory at sea.• 3. Why did George Washington decide to allow free African

Americans to fight in the Continental Army?• 4. How did James Otis and many black patriots look at the

revolution regarding slavery?• 5. Name three women who contributed to the revolutionary

cause, including what they did.• 6. Read “A Young Girl’s War” on page 178-179. What was it

like having the war outside your back door? How did young Sally Wister take it?

Quiz• 1. What did the Green Mountain Boys do in May 1775?• 2. What 3 actions did the 2nd Continental Congress take in

1775?• 3.What were the strengths and weaknesses of both sides?• 4. Who led the troops at Bunker Hill on both sides?• 5. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted? Day,

month, year-• 6. How does the Declaration potentially encourage future

revolutions?• 7. Give two examples of propaganda that could have been

used in the war.• 8. Describe the challenges and changes that took place when

Washington wintered his troops at Valley Forge• 9. Pick what you think to be the most important battle we

have discussed so far, and argue why it is the most important battle of the war.

6.5; The World Turned Upside Down• Fighting goes to the

south after Saratoga▫ Why there?

• Who won many of the early battles, and where were they?▫ Map also on pg 181

• Battle of Moore’s Creek Bridge- N.C. 1776▫ Called Lexington and

Concord of the South▫ Patriots win

Traitor!!• Put in charge of West Point

▫ Why change sides?• Washington’s response• Arnold’s legacy

The Tide Turns • Patriots rally after King’s Mountain▫ October 1780, South

Carolina• Guerilla Tactics in the

South▫ Francis Marion-

the “Swamp Fox”▫ Daniel Morgan-

Cowpens Jan 1781▫ Nathaniel Greene-

struck without warning

• Together, these groups and battles wore down the British▫ They leave for

Yorktown in 1781

Victory!!• Cornwallis at

Yorktown• French arrive with

help▫ Admiral de Grasse-

Navy▫ Comte de

Rochambeau- meets up with Washington and heads down from New York

• Cornwallis trapped▫ Surrender October

17, 1781

Victory!!

• Cornwallis trapped▫ Surrender

October 17, 1781▫ Peace talks begin

1782

Treaty of Paris

Section 5 Questions• 1. Why did Britain begin fighting in the south, and

what major towns/cities did they capture there in 1778-1779?

• 2. What did Benedict Arnold do after being put in charge of West Point?

• 3. Why was Francis Marion called the “Swamp Fox”?• 4. What kind of tactics did Daniel Morgan use in the

Saratoga campaign, and where else did he use them?• 5. How did Washington, the Comte de Rochambeau,

and De Grasse outwit General Cornwallis at Yorktown?• 6. What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris?