Annual Report 2011 Microtechnology and Nanoscience - MC2

ISSN 1652-0769 Technical Report - MC2 - 227

Contents

Head of department dialogue 1

MC2 2-3

Facts and figures 4-5

Research highlights 6-7

Forskaren Per Delsing 8

Create light from vacuum 9

Grants and awards 10

Forskaren Peter Andrekson 11

Chronicle 2011 12

Education 13

Industrial collaboration 14

Linneqs Centre 15

Gigahertz Centre 16

FORCE Centre 17

Applied Quantum Physics Laboratory 18-19

BioNano Systems Laboratory 20-21

Microwave Electronics Laboratory 22-23

Nanofabrication Laboratory 24-25

Photonics Laboratory 26-27

Quantum Devices Physics Laboratory 28-29

Terahertz and Millimetre Wave Laboratory 30-31

Publications 2011 32-38

Thesis 39

Personnel 40

Contact 41

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annual report 2011 | head of department dialogue

Welcome to the MC2 annual report! Herein we summarize important results, events and things in general that occurred during 2011. Below are my own sampled/colored impressions on the past year.

A year of eventsSome of you might know about the phenomenon superconductivity: on April 8th 1911, the first observation of superconductivity was documented in Leiden. However, it took another few months of experiments before Kamerlingh Onnes and his colleagues understood what they were observing. One hundred years later, the centennial celebration of the discovery of superconductivity was held at several conferences around the world. Many researchers from Chalmers and MC2 were active in these events with invited talks and contributions.

MC2 participated in the Electronics Fair held in the Swedish Exhibition & Congress Centre in Gothenburg March 16-17. A handful of researchers gave inspiring plenary talks on groundbreaking technologies. Other MC2 scientists informed visitors about microtechnology and nanoscience in a booth they shared with the Imego Institute.

We are now halfway through the EU-financed program NANO-TEC, an activity to build a stronger community of academic researchers in nanoelectronics. Chalmers and MC2 are responsible for arranging workshops that bring this community together. We

organized two such meetings during 2011 aimed at identifying future ICT devices and benchmarking devices beyond CMOS in Granada and Athens, respectively.

Two bi-lateral meetings, the “Swiss-Swedish meeting on Quantum Materials and Devices” were held – one in Les Diablerets and one in Stenungsbaden – in order to find common research activities for mutual scientific exchange. Conclusions drawn from these VR- and SNF-supported activities provide suggestions for future calls from the councils.

Photons in cavities and fibersIn this issue we have interviewed Professors Per Delsing and Peter Andrekson, two people who have received ERC-grants and been highlighted in press releases. What made them choose their present career?

Promotions and pricesThree researchers were promoted to full professors, Thorvald Andersson, Magnus Karlsson and Jan Stake. Bill Brox was appointed to an adjunct professorship. Furthermore, Åsa Haglund was rewarded 1 MSEK from the Hasselblad Foundation for her research. Find out more - for example, about our graphene research - inside this report.

In conclusion – it has been a good year!

It has been a good year

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The Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience - MC2 is a unique research department in the areas of micro- and nanotechnology, housing more than 200 researchers and PhD students.

Efforts to make MC2 an innovative, research-focused environment are paying off. Success in research and meeting industrial needs are improved. Today, MC2 is a strong contributor to industrial growth and technical and social development.

MC2 has gathered several research areas together with competent and talented researchers to form a unique environment. This cross-disciplinary strategy will give interesting collaboration, and be a driving force for innovations, results and breakthroughs.

MC2 has strong research activities and is successful with regard to attracting research funding. We focus our research on the areas of on future nano- and quantum electronics, photonics, bio- and nanosystems. MC2 houses a cleanroom for micro- and nanofabrication with the latest equipment.

Our work is often done in close collaboration with Swedish and international partners within academy, industry and society. With a unique research competence we offer education at undergraduate level, postgraduate level and within three international master's programmes. The greatest extent of our educational instruction takes place as an integral part of masters and research school level programmes.

Microtechnology and Nanoscience - MC2www.chalmers.se/mc2

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annual report 2011 | MC2 organization

Head of DepartmentDag Winkler

Prefect GroupCristina Andersson Ingrid Collin Mikael Fogelström Sheila GaltKarin KjellPeter ModhDag Winkler

Advisory CouncilDave H. A. BlankMaria EkströmJeanette TräffKjell JeppsonPhilip KrantzPeter MöllerElisabeth SchröderSören SjölanderRobin StephensenDag Winkler

Executive GroupCristina Andersson Christina Caesar Per DelsingIngrid CollinMikael FogelströmJan GrahnKarin KjellAnders LarssonJohan Liu Peter ModhDebora Perlheden Vitaly ShumeikoJan StakeAvgust YurgensDag WinklerHerbert ZirathFredrik Öisjöen

Head of graduate educationMikael Fogelström

Head of undergraduate educationSheila Galt

Director of studiesPer Lundgren

Head of NFL infrastructurePeter Modh

AdministrationIngrid Collin

Advisory council

Head of department

Excecutive groupPrefect group

Head ofundergraduate education

Head ofgraduate education

Head of NFLinfrastructureDirector of studies

FacultyAdministrationEngineering support

BioNano SystemsLaboratory

PhotonicsLaboratory

NanofabricationLaboratory

Terahertz and Millimetre Wave

Laboratory

MicrowaveElectronicsLaboratory

Applied Quantum Physics Laboratory

QuantumDevice Physics

Laboratory

Organization

Organization structure at MC2

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4

Facts and figures

Distribution of incomes to MC2 from different sources. The total turnover during 2011 was 250 MSEK.

Ministry of Education & Science / Education Ministry of Education & Science / Research Other state funding Companies etc

Chalmers Foundation Public foundations European Union Miscellaneous

Ministry of Education & Science/Education 2%

Other state funding 34%

Companies etc. 5%

Chalmers Foundation 4%

Public foundations 16%

European Union 8%

Miscellaneous 3%

Ministry of Education & Science/Research 28%

Finances

Main External Contributors 2011 (TKR) 2010 (TKR) The Swedish Research Council (VR) 49 481 34 486Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA) 26 017 21 301The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) 22 987 21 503European Union 19 152 27 230Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation 16 084 15 726

annual report 2011 | facts and figures

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

VR VINNOVA SSF EU Wallenberg

2010

2011

Main external contributors 2010 and 2011.

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MC2 had a total of 199 employees and guest during 2011.

Personnel

Bibliometrics

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90

100

110

120

130

140

1 2 3 4 5 6 72005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Number of publications according to Web of Sicence

Publications (document type: article, review, letter) from Web of Science.

N Cf Cf ,95% confidence interval

2005-2007 378 1,15 0,94-1,392006-2008 344 1,12 0,89-1,412007-2009 325 1,11 0,88-1,382008-2010 313 1,14 0,92-1,39

Number of publications

Year Articles

2005 1302006 1172007 1312008 962009 982010 1192011 126

Field normalized citation scoreField normalized citation score Cf (citations per publication, compared to global average values for articles published at the same time and in the same subject). A Cf > 1 is "better than an international average value".N = number of articlesCalculated using 3 years interval average.

Web of Science

annual report 2011 | facts and figures

Adjunct Professors 2Administrators 8Amanuens 1Assistant Professors 11Associate Professors 14PhD Students 75Post Doc/ PhD 10Professors 29Project workers 8Researchers 19Technicians 22

• Thorvald Andersson full professor• Magnus Karlsson full professor• Jan Stake full professor

• Bill Brox (IMEGO) adjunct professor• Christian Fager associate professor • Thilo Bauch associate professor

• Dan Kyulenstierna assistant professor• Pontus Johannisson assistant professor• Huan Zhao assistant professor

Promotions

Chalmers Publications Library(http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/cpl/)

Year Articles Conference proceedings (refereed)2005 155 962006 137 1462007 140 982008 107 1022009 104 992010 130 1162011 145 107

Optical amplifier with world record low noisePeter Andrekson and co-workers have demonstrated an optical amplifier which can amplify light with extremely low noise. The breakthrough enables a reach increase for optical fiber signals from e.g., 1000 km to 4000 km, paving way for increasing the capacity of data communications. The new amplifier could lead to better Internet traffic and laser radar technology, and promote any application where detection of very weak levels of light is essential, such as free-space communication. By using a phase-sensitive fiber-optic parametric amplifier, PSA, the noise figure is reduced to 1 dB. In traditional erbium-doped fiber amplifiers the noise figure is 3 dB at best, resulting in loss of signal integrity. 1 dB is the lowest noise ever reported in any kind of amplifier with reasonably large signal gain.

Z. Tong, C. Lundström, P.A. Andrekson, C.J. McKinstrie, M. Karlsson, D.J. Blessing, E. Tipsuwannakul, B.J. Puttnam, H. Toda, and L. Grüner-Nielsen, Towards ultrasensitive optical links enabled by low-noise phase-sensitive amplifiers, Nature Photonics

Graphene mixer can speed up future electronics Jan Stake and co-workers have for the first time demonstrated a novel subharmonic graphene FET mixer at microwave frequencies. The mixer provides new opportunities in future electronics, as it enables compact circuit technology, potential to reach high frequencies and integration with silicon technology.The ability in graphene to switch between hole or electron carrier transport via the field effect enables a unique niche for graphene for RF IC applications. Thanks to this symmetrical electrical characteristic, the researchers at Chalmers have managed to build the G-FET subharmonic resistive mixer using only one transistor. Hence, no extra feeding circuits are required, which makes the mixer circuit more compact as opposed to conventional mixers.

Habibpour, O.; Cherednichenko, S.; Vukusic, J.; Yhland, K.; Stake, J.; , "A Subharmonic Graphene FET Mixer," Electron Device Letters, IEEE , vol.33, no.1, pp.71-73, Jan. 2012

Carbon nanotubes best for 3D electronicsJohan Liu and co-workers have demonstrated that two stacked chips can be vertically interconnected with carbon nanotube vias through the chips. This new method improves possibilities for 3D integration of circuits, one of the most promising approaches for miniaturization and performance promotion of electronics. The researchers have demonstrated that two chips can be vertically interconnected with carbon nanotubes by through-silicon via interconnects, and that the chips can be bonded. They have also demonstrated that the same method can be used for electrical interconnection between the chip and the package.

Wang, T., Jeppson, K., Ye, L., Liu, J. Carbon-Nanotube Through-Silicon Via Interconnects for Three-Dimensional Integration. 2011. Small. 7(16), 2313–2317

Electronics ready for cutting edge climate satellite Understanding and predicting climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity this century. Peter Sobis and co-workers have now developed measurement equipment that can dramatically increase our understanding of the impact of atmospheric gases on climate. Peter Sobis, together with Chalmers and the company Omnisys Instruments AB, has developed measurement equipment that is part of SteamR – the second largest space initiative in Sweden. The radiometer SteamR (Stratosphere Troposphere Exchange And Climate Monitor Radiometer) is the Swedish contribution to the space project PREMIER, which is being run by the European Space Agency, ESA.

A "quantum microphone" based on a Single Electron Transistor (SET) detects sound waves on a chip surface, so called Surface Acoustic Waves . The waves make the charge of the atoms underneath the quantum microphone oscillate. Since the quantum microphone is an extremely sensitive charge detector, very low sound levels can be detected. Picture: Philip Krantz, Chalmers

Animation of Graphene, one single layer of carbon atoms, courtesy of Andre Geim.

A glance of Research Highlights

SEM image of a subharmonic graphene-FET mixer, which utilises the ability in graphene to switch between hole or electron carrier transport via the field effect.

Graphics showing atmosphere composition measurements. Image: courtesy of ESA.

annual report 2011 | it has been a successful year

A surface emitting laser The market for this technology is gigantic. In the huge data centers that handle the Internet there are today over one hundred million surface emitting lasers. That figure is expected to increase a hundredfold,” says Professor Anders Larsson, who has developed the high speed laser together with his research group in optoelectronics

Fast laser could revolutionize data communications Anders Larsson and co-workers have shown that a surface emitting laser – a cheaper and more energy-efficient type of laser for fiber optics than conventional lasers – can deliver error-free data at a record speed of 40 Gbit/s. The break-through could lead to faster Internet traffic, computers and mobile phones. Unlike a conventional laser the light from a surface emitting laser is emitted from the surface of the laser chip (not from the edge), like in an LED. The gain is the ability to not only fabricate, but also test, the lasers on the wafer (a 75 mm wide substrate of semiconductor material of industrial type) before it is cut into individual chips for assembly.

P. Westbergh, J.S. Gustavsson, B. Kogel, Å. Haglund, A. Larsson, A. Mutig, A. Nadtochiy, D. Bimberg and A. Joel.: 40 Gbit/s error-free operation of oxide-confined 850 nm VCSEL, Electron. Lett, 2010, vol. 46, no. 14, pp. 1014-1016

Shining light on graphene sensorsAn international research team, including Professor Sergey Kubatkin at Chalmers, have published research showing how light can be used to control graphene's electrical properties. This advance is an important step towards developing highly sensitive graphene-based electronic devices.

Lara-Avila, S. ; Moth-Poulsen, K. ; Yakimova, R. et al. (2011). Non-Volatile Photochemical Gating of an Epitaxial Graphene/Polymer Heterostructure. Advanced Materials. 23 (7) s. 878

Quantum microphone captures extremely weak sound Per Delsing and co-workers have demonstrated a new kind of detector for sound at the level of quietness of quantum mechanics. The result offers prospects of a new class of quantum hybrid circuits that mix acoustic elements with electrical ones, and may help illuminate new phenomena of quantum physics. The results have been published in Nature Physics. The “quantum microphone” is based on a single electron transistor, that is, a transistor where the current passes one electron at a time. The acoustic waves studied by the research team propagate over the surface of a crystalline microchip, and resemble the ripples formed on a pond when a pebble is thrown into it. The wavelength of the sound is a mere 3 micrometers, but the detector is even smaller, and capable of rapidly sensing the acoustic waves as they pass by.

Gustafsson, M.V., Santos, P. V., Johansson, G.., Delsing, P. Local probing of propagating acoustic waves in a gigahertz echo chamber. 2012. Nat Phys 1745-2481

MC2 researchers contributes to "Reliability of Microtechnology" from SpringerJohan Liu and Cristina Andersson, among others, contributes to the book "Reliability of Microtechnology" from the publisher Springer, USA. The book is mainly initiated and coordinated by Chalmers authors. Reliability of Microtechnology addresses the reliability of microtechnology both from the experimental and the theoretical point of view using the bottom up approach, beginning with interconnects, devices and extending to systems.

Integrated receiver for 320-340 GHz with lowes reported noiseHerbert Zirath an co-workers have developed an integrated receiver for 320-340 GHz with so far lowest reported noise figure. The receiver can be used for wireless communication with very high datarate or sensor applications such as imaging systems for safety and security. The receiver can be mass produced since it is manufactured in a foundry semiconductor process. This work will be published in IEEE Transactions of Terahertz Science and technology in May 2012.

Yu Yan, Yogesh B. Karandikar, Sten E. Gunnarsson, Miguel Urteaga, Richard Pierson, Herbert Zirath,’ 340 GHz Integrated Receiver in 250nm InP DHBT Technology’, accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions of Terahertz Science and technology May 2012

The first cryogenic low-noise amplifier using so-called HEMT transistors of InAs/AlSbIn a Swedish-French research collaboration, Jan Grahn and co-workers demonstrated the first cryogenic low-noise amplifier using so-called HEMT transistors of InAs/AlSb. This type of device, fabricated in the MC2 cleanroom, held promise for ultra-low power electronics for future microwave receivers, e.g. in radar or telescope arrays. The reported amplifier, designed for 4-8 GHz, showed the best combination of gain, noise figure and power dissipation reported so far in literature.

G. Moschetti, N. Wadefalk, P.-Å. Nilsson, M. Abassi, L. Desplanque, X. Wallart, and J. Grahn, Cryogenic InAs/AlSb HEMT Wideband Low-Noise IF Amplifier for Ultra-Low Power Applications, IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. 22(3), pp. 144-146, March 2012.

Optical amplifiers are crucial enablers of data communication The entire optical telecom industry is our market. But the technology is generic, and scalable to other wavelengths like visible or infrared light, which makes it attractive in areas such as measurements, spectroscopy, laser radar technology and any applications where detection of very weak levels of light is essential”, says Peter Andrekson

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A photo of the receiver for 320-340 GHz including a 2 x 2 differential patch antenna, subharmonic Gilbert-mixer, and a differential IF-amplifier.

Nyfiken på mannen bakom och vad som fick honom att välja fysik, söker jag upp honom i MC2 huset på Institutionen för mikroteknologi och nanovetenskap. Utsikten från hans arbetsplats är fantastiskt. Här sitter en man med vida vyer. Det var två händelser som fick betydelse för Per Delsings yrkesval. Den första var månlandningen den 20 juli 1969 som han i barndomen följde på teve med familjen. Den andra var den gången han frågade sin pappa, vad en supraledning var. – Jag kanske var tolv år, hade hört ordet och blev helt ställd när han sa att han inte hade någon aning. Jag och mina bröder trodde, som barn gör, att pappa visste allt. Det ledde till att jag slog upp det i Nordisk Familjebok. Han läste att supraledning är en egenskap hos vissa material som tillåter elektrisk ström att passera utan motstånd. Intresset för fysikens mysterier väcktes hos den unge Per.

Pappan var skogshuggaren från Tärnaby i det inre av Norrland som fick chansen att göra en klassresa. Han förlorade ett finger i jobbet och använde pengar från arbetsskadeförsäkringen till att utbilda sig till ingenjör i Stockholm. Med utbildningen väcktes en fascination för kunskap och teknik som han sedan förmedlade till sina tre söner, Per, tvillingbrorsan Lars-Olof och två år äldre Jerker. Fadern arrangerade frågesport på kvällarna. Det kunde handla om geografi och Sveriges landskap eller historia och regentlängden. – Vi var inte unika. På den tiden i sextio- och sjuttiotalets Malmö var många grabbar nördar på ett eller annat sätt, påpekar han. Bröderna Delsing hade lätt för sig, gick vidare till högre utbildningar och blev professorer alla tre. Per inom fysik i Göteborg och Jerker i elektronik/data i Luleå, Lars-Olof är professor i Nordiska språk i Lund. Intresset för supraledning har hållit i sig i dryga fyrtio år. Han utbildade sig i teknisk fysik i Lund och gjorde sitt exjobb om supraledning vid det prestigefyllda universitetet ETH i Zurich. Han doktorerade på Chalmers 1990 med en avhandling om enelektrontunnling ett ämne som han fortfarande forskar och undervisar i.

Vad ska vi ha din forskning till?– Det mesta är grundforskning och det går ut på att vi ska förstå och förklara naturen. Kanske kan vi eller någon annan sen ta steget och göra något användbart av kunskapen. Jag tycker att det är roligt att utnyttja den kunskap jag har till att skapa något helt nytt! Per bor i Landvetter med Désirée, som är språklärare. De har fyra döttrar mellan 18 år och 24 år. En av dem gör sin master på Chalmers i bioteknologi.

Att som pappan ha frågesport med döttrarna fanns inte på kartan under småbarnsåren. – Mamma var hemma när vi var små och det betydde att när pappa kom hem var mycket färdigt. Vi delade på föräldraledigheten och arbetade omlott under en tid. Désirée gick till jobbet på förmiddagarna och kom hem tre på eftermiddagen, då jag gick iväg. Så arbetet med doktorsavhandlingen, sammanföll oturligt nog med värsta småbarnsåren. De fick tre barn under doktorandtiden. Ett tag höll det på att gå riktigt illa för Per. – Jag brukar ta fram det som ett bra exempel, för mina doktorander när de tappar sugen, säger han och ler i mjugg. Så här var det:Per försökte konstruera en ny typ av krets, en så kallad enelektrontransistor. Efter fyra år hade det inte lyckats. – Det var tufft hemma och på jobbet den tiden. Jag funderade på att göra något helt annat än att doktorera. Då fick jag reda på att vi kanske kunde använda aluminium istället för tenn och bly. Vi prövade det i början av femte året och med aluminium blev kretsarna stabilare, fungerade och vi fick bra resultat.Och Per och hans hustru är fortfarande gifta och firar sin 25-åriga bröllopsdag snart.

De närmaste fem åren kan forskarna runt Per Delsing arbeta vidare utan ekonomiska problem eftersom han har fått ett stort prestigefyllt forskningsanslag, Advanced grant från europeiska forskningsrådet - ERC . De kommer att fortsätta utveckla nya kvantoptiska experiment. Enligt Per ger det möjligheter att ”leka med fotoner”, det vill säga partiklar av ljus. Idag skickar man ljus över vibrationsdämpande optiska bord och försöker få fotonerna att växelverka med atomer och med varandra. Nu vill de flytta experimentet till ett chip och använda ljus med lägre frekvens, i mikrovågsområdet.– När ljuset trängs ihop på ett litet område kan vi integrera artificiella atomer med fotoner och få dem att växelverka starkare.Tillbaka till månlandningen som Per och bröderna såg med pappa. Den släppte han inte med tanken och vid 30 års ålder, i slutet av doktorsarbetet var det väldigt nära att han skickade in en ansökan till rymdstyrelsen. Nu blev det inte så av olika anledningar.Framtiden då? Han forskar gärna vidare med supraledning. – När yngsta dottern flyger ur boet blir det kanske också tid att forska utomlands ett tag. Det som inte var möjligt när barnen var små, avslutar professor Delsing.

Text: Marianne Lesslie

Forskaren Per Delsingannual report 2011 | researchers to be proud of

Professor Per Delsing har nyligen blivit uppmärksammad för den experimentella bekräftelsen av den så kallade Dynamiska Casimireffekten, det vill säga att skapa ljus ur ett vakuum. Ett genombrott som rankas som nummer fem i världen 2011, av tidskriften Physics World.

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Per Delsing

The experiment is based on one of the most counterintuitive, yet, one of the most important principles in quantum mechanics: that vacuum is by no means empty nothingness. In fact, the vacuum is full of various particles that are continuously fluctuating in and out of existence. They appear, exist for a brief moment and then disappear again. Since their existence is so fleeting, they are usually referred to as virtual particles. Chalmers scientist, Christopher Wilson and his co-workers have succeeded in getting photons to leave their virtual state and become real photons, i.e. measurable light. The physicist Moore predicted way back in 1970 that this should happen if the virtual photons are allowed to bounce off

a mirror that is moving at a speed that is almost as high as the speed of light. The phenomenon, known as the dynamical Casimir effect, has now been observed for the first time in a brilliant experiment conducted by the Chalmers scientists. “Since it’s not possible to get a mirror to move fast enough, we’ve developed another method for achieving the same effect,” explains Per Delsing, Professor of Experimental Physics at Chalmers. “Instead of varying the physical distance to a mirror, we've varied the electrical distance to an electrical short circuit that acts as a mirror for microwaves.” The “mirror” consists of a quantum electronic component referred to as a SQUID (Superconducting quantum

interference device), which is extremely sensitive to magnetic fields. By changing the direction of the magnetic field several billions of times a second the scientists were able to make the “mirror” vibrate at a speed of up to 25 percent of the speed of light. “The result was that photons appeared in pairs from the vacuum, which we were able to measure in the form of microwave radiation,” says Per Delsing. “We were also able to establish that the radiation had precisely the same properties that quantum theory says it should have when photons appear in pairs in this way.” What happens during the experiment is that the “mirror” transfers some of its kinetic energy to virtual photons, which

Create light from vacuum

In the experiments, virtual photons bounce off a “mirror” that vibrates at a speed that is almost as high as the speed of light. The round mirror in the picture is a symbol, and under that is the quantum electronic component (referred to as a SQUID), which acts as a mirror. This makes real photons appear (in pairs) in vacuum. Illustration: Philip Krantz, Chalmers

Observation of the dynamical Casimir effect in a superconducting circuit

helps them to materialise. According to quantum mechanics, there are many different types of virtual particles in vacuum, as mentioned earlier. Göran Johansson, Associate Professor of Theoretical Physics, explains that the reason why photons appear in the experiment is that they lack mass. “Relatively little energy is therefore required in order to excite them out of their virtual state. In principle, one could also create other particles from vacuum, such

as electrons or protons, but that would require a lot more energy.” The scientists find the photons that appear in pairs in the experiment interesting to study in closer detail. They can perhaps be of use in the research field of quantum information, which includes the development of quantum computers. However, the main value of the experiment is that it increases our understanding of basic physical concepts, such as vacuum fluctuations – the constant appearance

and disappearance of virtual particles in vacuum. It is believed that vacuum fluctuations may have a connection with “dark energy” which drives the accelerated expansion of the universe. The discovery of this acceleration was recognised this year with the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Physics.

C. M. Wilson, G. Johansson, A. Pourkabirian, M. Simoen, J. R. Johansson, T. Duty, F. Nori, P. Delsing. 2011. Observation of the dynamical Casimir effect in a superconducting circuit. Nature 479,376–379

annual report 2011 | chalmers media event 2011

Chris Wilson and other researchers in the group lead by Per Delsing have succeeded in creating light from vacuum – observing an effect first predicted over 40 years ago. The results have been published in the journal Nature. In an innovative experiment, the scientists have managed to capture some of the photons that are constantly appearing and disappearing in the vacuum.

Chalmers’ Assistant Professor Åsa Haglund receives 1MSEK grant for women researchersAssistant Professor Åsa Haglund, received the first distributed grant "Further research qualification for women researchers with PhDs in the natural sciences” from Hasselblad Foundation of 1 MSEK.

Herbert Zirath elected to the grade of IEEE Fellow Class of 2011Professor Herbert Zirath, the head of the Microwave Electronics Laboratory at MC2, was elected to the grade of IEEE Fellow Class of 2011. IEEE Fellow is a distinction reserved for select IEEE members whose extraordinary accomplishments in any of the IEEE fields of interest are deemed fitting of this prestigious grade elevation.

Niklas Rorsman together with co-applicants receives SSF grant for GaN-based electronic research Dr. Niklas Rorsman with co-applicants professors Herbert Zirath and Erik Janzén receive an SSF grant of 25.2 MSEK over 5 years. The project, “III-Nitrides-based electronics for future microwave systems”, is a collaboration with Linköping University.

The 100GET project gets the Celtic Excellence Award in GoldThe Celtic Core Group has decided to honor the Celtic (cluster) project 100GET for its results with the Celtic Excellence Award in Gold. The research centre FORCE has been collaborating with Ericsson within this international project, which has focused on the development of 100 Gbps Ethernet based carrier-grade transport networks. An extract from the motivation reads “The project has realized an impressive work that was worth the investment and performed world class research especially on the area of optical layers where a number of new devices have been developed.“

Mikael Fogelström och Sergey Kubatkin together with co-applicants receive 40MSEKA grant from Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Foundation for graphene research. A group of some 30 Swedish graphene researchers will be formed, in a close collaboration between Chalmers and the universities of Uppsala and Linköping. The effort will form the Swedish spearhead in international graphene research.

Mikael Fogelström receives SSF grant Mikael Fogelström’s research group received SEK 28.5 million over a five-year period from the Foundation for Strategic Research. The grant finances research within graphene-based high frequency electronics.

ERC Advanced Grant awarded to Professor Peter Andrekson Professor Peter Andrekson, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, has received an Advanced Grant of 2.5 million euros over 5 years from the European Research Council (ERC) for his project “Phase-Sensitive Optical Parametric Amplifiers.”

Wallenberg Scholar Peter Andrekson Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (KAW) has selected Peter Andrekson to be one of the researchers within “Wallenberg Scholars”. This is a program with the aim of supporting and stimulating some of the most successful researchers at Swedish universities. Each Wallenberg Scholar will receive a five-year research grant of 3 MSEK per year.

Johanna Hanning received best paper awardJohanna Hanning received the best student paper award for her paper "HBV MMIC frequency tripler and quintupler for high power THz applications" at the 6th ESA Workshop on Millimetre-Wave Technology and 4th Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves, held in Espoo, Finland, May 23-25. Johanna recently finished the diploma thesis for the Master of Science degree in Wireless and Photonics Engineering and Engineering Physics at Chalmers University of Technology (Chalmers) in the Terahertz and Millimetre Wave Laboratory.

Mustafa Özen wins best paper award in 2011 IEEE , WAMICONMustafa Özen, PhD student from MEL at MC2, Gigahertz Centre won the first place award in the best conference paper competition of IEEE Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference, 2011.

Grants and awardsMikael Fogelström och Sergey Kubatkin together with co-applicants receive 40MSEK from Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Foundation for graphene research.

Peter Andrekson, professor i fotonik, är kosmopolit. Han har under sin forskarkarriär tagit de chanser som funnits att arbeta och forska utomlands. Som postdok tillbringade han flera år i USA och fyra år i början av 2000-talet. Mellan 1988- 1992 var han på Bell Labs. Där var han involverad när man tog fram den erbiumdopade fiberförstärkaren, som revolutionerade telekomindustrin.Utan den hade Internet inte fungerat som det gör idag, förklarar han när vi träffas på hans arbetsrum på Institutionen för Mikroteknologi och Nanovetenskap i MC2- huset. Det anses vara det andra stora steget inom optisk kommunikation. Det första kom redan 1970 då lasrar som fungerar i rumstemperatur och fibrer med låga förluster började tillverkas. Det där med stillasittande i forskarvärlden är något han har funderat en hel del på. Han tycker att det är för mycket av den varan och motarbetar det när han kan. Han rekommenderar alltid sina doktorander att flytta på sig då och då.– Generellt tycker jag att vi är dåliga på att uppmuntra rörlighet på Chalmers. Viss mobilitet ger input och nya idéer. – Själv känner jag mig som en världsmedborgare och det har påverkat mina val. Till en del tror jag att det har med mitt estniska ursprung att göra.

Peters pappa kom 13 år gammal under andra världskriget, med flyktingbåt från Pärnu i Estland till Sverige, i sällskap med sin tio år äldre syster. Deras far hade dött innan kriget och mamman blev deporterad till Sibirien 40 år gammal. Hennes enda brott var att hon tillhörde en välbärgad familj. Först efter tio år fick barnen reda på vart modern hade förflyttats. 29 år senare när mamman var nästan 70, frigavs hon från arbetslägret.– Hon kom till sina barn i Sverige på sjuttiotalet och levde resten av sitt liv här. Hon dog när hon var 97 år. Det var som om hon ville njuta så länge som möjligt av friheten.Tanken på faderns, fasterns och farmoderns uppoffringar har påverkat Peter.– Syskonen togs om hand av Röda Korset och andra hjälporganisationer men fick i princip klara sig själva. Pappa fick ingen språkundervisning. Inga pengar. Inget stöd. Ändå klarade han sig på något sätt, lärde sig svenska och gick i skolan här. Så småningom sökte han in på Chalmers, studerade på dagarna och arbetade på Jonsereds fabriker om nätterna. Han tog sin examen 1959 på Väg och Vatten.

Peter lärde sig estniska på Estniska skolan i Göteborg som låg på Johannebergsskolan. Han beskriver sina senare studieval som mera slumpartade eftersom han var klassiskt osäker på vad han skulle syssla med. Han gick på naturvetenskaplig linje på

gymnasiet eftersom han ville hålla alla dörrar öppna och valde elektroteknik på Chalmers för att klasskamraterna inte var så nördiga där och för att teknik är gångbart på ett annat sätt, än till exempel medicin och juridik, över hela världen.Egentligen är det den tidigare professorn Sverre Engs förtjänst att Peter Andrekson blev forskare. 1984 när Peter var i sluttampen av sitt exjobb, där han konstruerade den laser som än idag står på fönsterbrädan i arbetsrummet, stötte han på professorn på parkeringsplatsen utanför Chalmers. – Han var en föregångare i Norden med optisk kommunikation och övertygade mig om att det var en framtidsbransch, med stora internationella möjligheter. Det var inte helt självklart på den tiden.Sedan 1992 när Peter kom tillbaks från sina år på Bell Labs, har han fortsatt att utveckla tekniker som kan packa kanalerna i fiberoptiken tätare för att öka informationsflödet.

Senaste framgången handlar om ett optiskt system med en typ av förstärkare som inte genererar något brus. – Det är ett stort dilemma att en massa oönskat brus adderas när man förstärker ljus säger han. Det låga bruset gör att ljuset når fyra gånger längre i en optisk fiber. Förstärkaren kommer förmodligen att kunna användas inom sensorteknologi, spektroskopi, biomedicinska applikationer och kvantoptik.Inte minst på grund av det lyckosamma experimentet och att konkurrenterna världen över är hack i häl, välkomnar han det stora ekonomiska tillskottet på 40 miljoner kronor, han fick i höstas från europeiska forskningsrådet, ERC och från Wallenbergsstiftelsen. Det ger frihet och oberoende forskning i flera år framöver.– Vi är världsledande inom området och nu gäller det att ta nästa steg, mot tillämpning.

För ett par år sedan fyllde han 50 år och det har fått honom att inse att han måste börja ta vara på den tid han har. Inte ägna sig enbart åt jobb utan prioritera fritid också. Nu renodlar han och plockar bort det som inte är absolut nödvändigt, för att frilägga egen tid. – Jag har också lärt mig att delegera mera, säger han. Med åldern har rötterna i Estland blivit allt viktigare. Peter tillhör bland annat en stipendiekommitté som väljer ut studenter från tekniska universitetet i Tallinn, som får plugga gratis på Chalmers under två år. Hittills har 75 elever fått möjligheten och fler lär det bli. På det privata planet är banden med fädernelandet också förstärkta. Peter Andreksons särbo finns i Tallinn.

Text: Marianne Lesslie11

Peter Andrekson

Forskaren Peter Andreksonannual report 2011 | researchers to be proud of

Senaste framgången handlar om ett optiskt system med en typ av förstärkare som inte genererar något brus. – Det är ett stort dilemma att en massa oönskat brus adderas när man förstärker ljus säger han. Det låga bruset gör att ljuset når fyra gånger längre i en optisk fiber. Förstärkaren kommer förmodligen att kunna användas inom sensorteknologi, spektroskopi, biomedicinska applikationer och kvantoptik.

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Chronicle

Newton attracted school children to Chalmersska huset Sheila Galt's children show about Isaac Newton has drawn flocks of schoolchildren from all over Western Sweden to Chalmersska huset in the fall of 2011.

March• Electronics Fair 2011The research at MC2 was shown together with IMEGO, Nano Connect Scandianvia and Myfab

• GHz Centre Annual Day 2011

April• Myfab User Meeting

May• The MC2 dayEmployees at MC2 meet to discuss research and mingle.

• Nano Connect Scandinavia: Update 2011An international programme with regional focus on the latest developments in nanotechnology and its applications. Networking sessions with leading Scandinavian and international researchers and companies.

• The Science festival at MC211 year old students experiment at the MC2 cleen room laboratory. A success like every year.

September• MC2 race 2011We congratulate the winning team Gasell (Magnus Nilsson, Erik Svensson, Lars Landén and Sören Brüchmann) from IMEGO.

October• Wireless eveningThird year students in Electrical Engineering (E3) and Engineering Physics (F3), as well as master students following the Wireless, Photonics and Space Engineering program, attended a wireless evening at MC2.

November• Kunskap och FramtidsmässanThe worlds (probably) smallest nano-cover for the programme catalogue for Chalmers. Philip Krantz and Niclas Lindvall manufactured the cover at the MC2 clean room laboratory.

The Science festival at MC2. Experiments in the clean room for 11 year old students.

Poster exhibition at the MC2 Day 2011.

Electronics Fair 2011.

MC2 provides students with a choice between three different master programmes; the Wireless, Photonics and Space Engineering programme, the Nanotechnology programme and the Embedded Electronic System Design programme. Many students get their first chance to work in an active research environment at MC2. The master programmes are all concluded with an individual half or whole year thesis project, where the student’s science and engineering skills are put to work, together with final training in the “softer” skills of written and verbal communication.MC2 participates in several programmes for student mobility, such as the Erasmus exchange programme and the Erasmus Mundus Master programme Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.

Education

A high-quality graduate school is the backbone of any successful research department. One of the goals at MC2 has been to create and maintain a graduate school that will support the present research and training activities and prepare for new challenges. The approach has been to create one single flexible programme in Microtechnology and Nanoscience, common for all MC2 PhD students. The programmes contains a small compulsory part common for all PhD students at Chalmers plus a number of elective, attractive high-quality “core courses”.

At MC2 we also have a Linnaeus graduate school in Quantum engineering which is financed from the Swedish Research Council. The connections between the PhD and Master's programmes play an important role in providing research relevance and “fast tracks” to PhD degrees. Towards this goal, MC2 and Chalmers provide the Swedish node in the Erasmus Mundus Master programmes in “Nanoscience and Nanotechnology”. Quality assessment of the PhD thesis work at MC2 is assured by our thesis review committee.

Graduate

Undergraduate

annual report 2011 | education

NanotechnologyNanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field. This programme is therefore firmly based on both physics and chemistry to provide a thorough understanding of the properties of nanosized systems and to provide the skills to prepare them. Science at the nanoscale takes place both in a bottom-up approach (forming functional architectures based on interactions between individual molecules) and in a top-down approach (nanostructuring).

Embedded Electronic System DesignEmbedded systems combine hardware and software components to achieve certain functionalities, such as those needed for the mobile phones of today. Device functionality must be implemented within challenging constraints such as computer performance, real-time demands, reliability, power consumption and design factors. MC2 focuses on the hardware side of this programme.

Wireless, Photonics and Space EngineeringThe backbone of modern telecom infrastructure consists of optical fibre based systems in combination with wireless technology, some of it on satellites to provide global coverage. Medical applications of photonics and microwave technology are numerous, and measurement applications include radar, environmental monitoring and radio astronomy.In space science, satellite systems based on microwave technology are used for astronomy, remote sensing of the Earth and space geodesy. Space systems also aid our everyday life: television broadcasts, navigation and weather forecasts are well known examples.

Nano Connect Scandinavia (www.nano-connect.org) – A three year (2009-2012) EU-funded Interreg IVA project in the Öresund-Kattegat-Skagerrak region, where Chalmers is one of seven partners. The project aims at creating partnerships between academia and industry, make nanotechnology more visible and more easily accessible.

In 2011, the project organized a large number of activities within different thematic areas such as nano-safety, nanomedicine and nanomaterials and nanosensors, and brought together representatives from academia, industry and the public sector. One example is the conference Nano Update 2011 which attracted over 200 scientists and industry representatives from 15 different countries around the themes materials, medicine, electronics, and energy. Various companies such as Volvo looked for new solutions to existing engineering problems.

PhD nano 2011 brought together over 100 PhD students and company representatives from the whole project region. The PhD students presented their research projects and helped companies solve various technical problems by using nanotechnology.The project has also worked with promoting the commercialization of nanotechnology based ideas and information spreading and matchmaking of the nano-expertise and know-how that exist in the region. All organized activities have resulted in numerous new business contacts, collaboration possibilities and increased awareness of both nanotechnology and nanoscience and the region.

Research results shall either be explored together with industrial partners or result in commercial opportunities. Keeping and developing strong relations with industry is therefore of key importance to the department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience - MC2. MC2 has during 2011 conducted collaborative partnerships with both national and international companies through a wide range of contacts, programs, joint ventures and activities.

Several events took place with the aim to enhance the interaction with industrial partners. At the “MC2 day”, Ericsson, Imego, FOI, SAAB, RUAG Space, Exfo Sweden, NXP, Wasa Millimeter Wave, Micronic Mydata and Omnisys Instruments, presented why and how they collaborate with MC2. Nano Connect Scandinavia together with the Area of Advance Nanoscience and Nanotechnology organized two workshops with industry as the target group- one focused on graphene and the other on nanoplasmonics. Companies such as Volvo Technology, Quantum Wise and Alfa Laval, participated and discussed potential collaboration possibilities with researchers. In order to increase the contact between students and the microwave industry, Microwave Road organized a “Wireless evening”. Ranatec Instrument, RUAG Space and Gotmic presented themselves and interacted with the students.

Future space electronics were developed in partnership between Omnisys Instruments and the Terahertz and Millimeter Wave Laboratory, for the prediction and understanding of environmental changes. The developed measurement equipment is part of the radiometer SteamR- Sweden’s contribution in the space project PREMIER, run by ESA (European Space Agency).

The photonics laboratory is developing, in collaboration with TE Connectivity, high speed VCSELs (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) and VCSEL products for next generation optical networks and interconnects in data centers and high performance computing systems. More exploratory research, on high speed multi-wavelength VCSEL arrays is being conducted in collaboration with HP Labs.

Apart from several industrial PhD students, MC2 welcomed also industrial staff through adjunct professor chairs. Commissioned research and services were offered to industrial partners in the form of clean room processing, testing and measurements. Successful industrial collaborations have also resulted in numerous high quality joint publications.

Industrial Relations

Nano Connect Scandinavia

NANO CONNECT SCANDINAVIA

Centre Director: Per Delsingper.delsing@chalmers.sewww.linneqs.se

Linneqs is a research centre with a 10-year support from the Swedish Research Council. It started 1st of July 2006 and has a budget of 10 MSEK per year. Normally quantum mechanics is used to describe microscopic objects like atoms and molecules, things which are given by nature and can not easily be integrated or engineered. Exciting opportunities open up when we now can engineer quantum systems based on electronic circuits. The centre pursues research in four areas at the interface between quantum physics, computer science, electronics and material science.

QubitsThe long-term goal is to develop quantum computers, which are predicted to perform some computational tasks much faster than ordinary computers. This research also addresses fundamentally important issues in quantum mechanics such as entanglement, decoherence and quantum measurement.A major high-light this year was our experimental demonstration of the Dynamical Casimir effect, a phenomenon that was predicted in 1970 but not verified until now. The results were published in Nature and this discovery was ranked as number 5 among physics discoveries this year by Physics World.

Quantum transportNew nanotechnologies allow us to study processes in quantum devices for qubit applications and ultrasensitive detectors. In particular we study: single electron devices, single molecular devices, and Josephson junctions, with the aim of designing and fabricating three terminal devices and sensitive detectors.We have during the past year been able to fabricate Single Electron Transistors from high-Tc superconductors (HTS) and characterized them at low temperature. In the future this will allow us to study the charge parity of the central island which in turn will allow us to draw conclusions about the mechanism for HTS.

Graphene researchGraphene is a unique material with fantastic properties. It is ultrathin, extremely strong and has top class electrical and thermal conductivities. We study the properties of graphene for metrology and other applications both experimentally and theoretically.This year we have demonstrated a novel heterostructure based on epitaxial graphene grown on silicon carbide combined with two polymers. UV exposure of this heterostructure enables control of the electrical parameters of graphene in a non-invasive, nonvolatile, and reversible way. We have also attracted substantial funding for this research from both SFF and the Wallenberg foundation, in total 72 MSEK for the coming 5 years.

Enabling technologiesTo perform this type of research, we are forced to develop a quantum tool box, including new methods and technologies that are not available elsewhere. This type of research acts as a driving force for technology in many areas such as nanofabrication and ultra-sensitive measurements.During the past year we have gained new insight into the structural properties of aluminium tunnel barriers. Through TEM studies we have been able to determine the composition of the aluminium tunnel barrier and we have also been able to observe a modified layer underneath the aluminium, which has not been observed before.

Linneqs

Principal investigatorsPer DelsingSergey KubatkinDag WinklerGöran JohanssonEva OlssonMikael FogelströmFloriana LombardiAugust YurgensVitaly Shumeiko

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www.chalmers.se/linneqs

GigaHertz Centre

Centre Director: Jan Grahnjan.grahn@chalmers.se

Chairman: Peter Olanders, Ericsson

The mission of GigaHertz Centre (GHz Centre) is to carry out leading collaborative research in selected high-frequency technologies and to bring the results from Chalmers faster to an industrial exploitation phase.

GHz Centre has now been running for five years (2007-2011) between industrial partners and Chalmers. Four focused projects targeting future wireless communication and radar system products. At the closing of Stage 2 (2009-2011), we have presented several research breakthroughs in efficient RF power amplifiers, multifunction GaN MMICs, low phase noise oscillators and THz mixers.

Five PhDs have graduated of which four are now hired by industry. 40% of the scientific publications were co-authored between Chalmers and industry. Several exchanges of personnel have taken place between Chalmers, company partners and leading universities world-wide.

As a centre in research and innovation, GHz Centre shall also demonstrate impact of its activity beyond scientific journals and conferences. A majority of the partner companies are already using the results from GHz Centre in development of new products. The most essential results are:

• MMIC designs and RF measurement techniques from Chalmers have been transferred to several enterprises

• Linearization algorithms from Chalmers is used at one component company

• Device models and parameter extractions for power amplifiers have been transferred to component companies

• Devices and circuits for THz space instrumentation from Chalmers are transferred to two partners. Part of the hardware is fabricated in the Nanofabrication Laboratory

• One patent application is pending in load-modulated power amplifier architecture

• GHz Centre results are helping three system companies in technology road mapping when, what and how to implement component breakthroughs in development of future RF/microwave-based products

Stage 3 is now being launched for 2012-2014. All ten partners from Stage 2 continue their collaboration with Chalmers. Furthermore, three companies, Low Noise Factory, Ruag Space AB and United Monolithic Semiconductors (UMS), join us in Stage 3 meaning that the industrial support for Chalmers in RF/microwave is stronger than ever.

Company Parters 2011Chalmers University of TechnologySP Technical Research Institute of Sweden Comheat Microwave AB Ericsson ABInfineon Technologies Austria AGLow Noise Factory ABMitsubishi Electric CorporationNXP Semiconductors BVOmnisys Instruments AB Ruag Space ABSaab AB

Sivers IMA ABUnited Monolithic SemiconductorsWasa Millimeter Wave AB

SponsorsChalmersMC2Company partnersSwedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA)

www.chalmers.se/ghz

FORCE www.chalmers.se/force

Centre Director: Peter Andreksonpeter.andrekson@chalmers.sewww.chalmers.se/force

The core of the centre is the Photonics Laboratory at the Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience - MC2 and the Communication Systems Group at the Department of Signals and Systems. The collaboration bridges traditional discipline boundaries and includes the chain from components to system, and from experiments to analysis. FORCE is open to everyone at Chalmers who has interest in contributing.

In 2011, we made significant progress toward practical implementation of ultralow noise, phase-sensitive optical amplifiers. We further demonstrated several new advanced modulation format concepts and experiments.

We also continued our efforts on vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), the light source of choice for short reach optical links and interconnects, by investigating speed limits and techniques for speed improvement, by demonstrating improvements of link capacity using multilevel modulation formats, and by developing a tunable high speed VCSEL technology for wafer scale manufacturing.

An example of a research theme is high spectral efficiency communication – techniques to squeeze more information into an optical fibre with limited optical bandwidth – that makes it possible to support the rapidly increasing need for capacity. Another theme is cost- and energy-efficient solutions as optical communication is being used for shorter reaches and in consumer electronics. FORCE is involved with both shorter term, industry oriented research and with longer-term research of fundamental nature.

FORCE was established at Chalmers in 2010 with the aim to coordinate existing activities and expand with new ones and to create stronger visibility of the outstanding research conducted. Fiber-optic systems are essential for communication and necessary to carry the internet traffic of today.

Applied Quantum PhysicsLaboratory

The order-parameter amplitudes around a single flux line in a d-wave.

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Applied Quantum Physics Laboratory is a theory division at the “Linneqs” Centre of Excellence and Chalmers Nanotechnology Centre that works on fundamental problems of nano-scale electronics. Our goals are applications of novel low-dimensional materials, novel superconductors and their heterostructures, superconducting spintronics and quantum information processing with superconducting electronics.

Our research goes along three major directions: quantum information processing with superconducting circuits, transport phenomena in nanostructures including graphene, and molecular electronics.We strive to understand transport properties of various kinds of superconducting junctions: ferromagnetic heterostructures, junctions containing spin active molecules and nanowires and junctions of unconventional superconductors.In the field of quantum information our interests are focused on physics of qubit interaction with superconducting cavities, microwave quantum electrodynamics, adaptation of quantum algorithms to superconducting qubit circuits.

First ever observation of the dynamical Casimir effect

An amazing effect, known as the dynamical Casimir effect (DCE), was theoretically predicted in 1970: Imagine being confined in a dark room with a mirror. Could one illuminate the room by shaking the mirror? A positive answer suggested that real photons would be created out of vacuum fluctuations. DCE was up to the year 2011 never observed because of the extremely small intensity of radiation: in order to achieve a sensible effect, the mirror velocity should approach the speed of light.

In collaboration with RIKEN theory group (Japan) and Chris Wilson from the Quantum Device Physics laboratory at MC2, we earlier suggested to use a superconducting electronic circuit to achieve the DCE. By applying an oscillating magnetic flux to a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), placed at the end of a one-dimensional planar microwave transmission line, the effective length of the waveguide is periodically modulated.

In 2011 the DCE was observed for the first time ever in the Quantum Device Physics Laboratory at MC2, Chalmers. The result was reported in a joint letter to Nature, which was published in November 2011. The result received substantial media attention and this experiment appeared over 140 times in media in 25 countries already the first two weeks after the publication.

Quantum Theory for Propagating Microwaves

The effort to realize a quantum computer in superconducting circuits have generated the possibility to study the interaction between microwave photons and artificial atoms. This is a novel field of quantum optics, realized on a single chip, which in the future could enable e.g. ultra sensitive microwave detection with applications to medical imaging or radar; scalable low power quantum communication channel based on few photon entangled states; open air secure microwave quantum communication and key distribution.

Our recent results in this field include theory work on the single photon router, published in PRL and also work on a theory proposal for a perfect microwave detector published in PRA. To strengthen our efforts in this area, we will participate in a European STREP project called PROMISCE, starting in 2012.

Graphene Nanogap for Gate-Tunable Quantum Coherent Single-Molecule Electronics

An important problem in single molecule electronics is how to make good transistors. The difficulty is to put a gate sufficiently close to the molecule trapped in a metallic nanogap to achieve a gate effect.

In collaboration with Quantum Device Physics and Bionanosystems laboratories at MC2 we developed a theoretical design of a molecular transistor utilizing a graphene nanogap. Our finding opens new avenues for research into gate tunable quantum coherent molecular electronics with single molecules.

The transistor effect is achieved through a back gate, as shown on the figure to the right. By applying a voltage on the back gate, the electron density and the density of states at the Fermi level of the graphene leads are changed, which tunes the coupling to, and charge transport through, the molecule. The transistor works well when the coupling of the gate to the molecule is weak compared with the coupling of the gate to the leads, which is the opposite situation compared with a traditional single molecule transistor with metallic leads.

Unconventional Superconductivity: Thermodynamics and Transport

The quasiparticle spectra in vortex cores of high-Tc superconductors are intriguing. In conventional superconductors the agreement between experiments and theory is excellent and the predicted Caroli-deGennes-Matricon states are seen in STM experiments. In high-Tc d-wave superconductors these states are absent, possibly indicating the existence of a finite order parameter in the vortex cores similar to the p-wave case. In our studies on Sr2RuO4 and on high-Tc superconductors we explored the possible pairing symmetries a non-commensurate spin-fluctuation susceptibility may generate. We find that one may expect mixing of pairing channels of different parity, and there is a possibility that the spin-singlet d-wave superconductor could have a finite spin-triplet p-wave order parameter nucleated in the vortex core.

A theoretical design of a molecular transistor utilizing a graphene nanogap.

annual report 2011 | applied quantum physics

Vitaly ShumeikoHead of Laboratoryvitaly.shumeiko@chalmers.se

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Bionano SystemsLaboratory

At the Bionano Systems Laboratory, the research is focused on microsystem and nanosystem device fabrication and characterization, Interconnect and packaging for electronics, microsystem and biomedical applications, material physics as well as biologically related theoretical studies. During this year, we have received a new EU FP7 project “Smartpower” regarding using thermoelectrical technology for cooling and conversion of waste heat from automotives. We have also been successful in continuing getting funding from the Swedish National Science in the area of fundamental modelling of van-der Waals force interaction with atoms for applications in structural materials, biological systems as well as graphene.

In addition to our on-going European Union (FP7 programs such as Thema-CNT and Smartpower, the laboratory is also actively participating in a number of strategic areas of research at Chalmers through Production, Nanotechnology, Material, Transport and e-Science.

The weak adsorption nature of fullerene binding on graphene.

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Bio-, electronics and liquid crystal materials, processes and characterisation, packaging and production research

Heat dissipation remains to be one of the most important challenges for further miniaturisation and for increased requirement on high performance of future electronics and microsystems, photonics and Light Emitting Diodes. We have demonstrated during the year that has passed, that a carbon nanotube (CNT) based 3 D vertical packaging system shows better thermal and mechanical performance than existing copper interconnects. The work has been published in Small and cited worldwide as one of the major breakthroughs in CNT 3D packaging technology. In addition, a project funded by the National Swedish Science Foundation (VR) concerning the theoretical and experimental understanding of the jetting of fluids with high viscosity and/or high material content for use in electronics assembly has been initialized together with an industrial partner during the year. This work holds promise not only in the electronics production industry, but also in novel fields such as fuel cells, solar cells and pharmaceuticals. During the year, Docent Per Rudquist has contributed to the reference work (approximately 2000 pages) on electronic displays "The Handbook of Visual Display Technology", Springer 2011 where he is the author of the section on Smectic LCD modes (http://www.canopusbooks.com/archives/01639/handbook-of-visual-display-technology-janglin-chen-wayne-cranton-mark-fihn-eds/).

Materials physics and carbon engineering group

The materials physics and carbon engineering group provides physics theory studies of function in materials. We combine quantum-mechanical and electro-static/-dynamical modeling, often using advanced computing. We have, for example, identified a simple guiding principle for optimizing the design of either high-current devices (like quantum cascade lasers) or of robust charge traps in polar heterostructures. Our group also contributes to the development of a nonempirical method, called vdW-DF, for predictions of binding in sparse and soft matter, for example, molecules systems and graphene. The vdW-DF method currently experiences a rapidly growing usage in physics, chemistry, materials, and nano research, for example, as reflected in invitations for us to arrange focused sessions at the American Physical Society condensed matter meeetings and as highlighted in a Science Watch interview. Combining a number of theorical methods, we have thus for example helped facilitate detailed investigations of molecular assembly on surfaces.

Theoretical and applied biology research

The living cell is highly structured (50% of the cell volume is filled by organelles) and harbors one million reactions per second. It is not entirely clear what the principles that control biochemistry of such complex environment are. In particular, the interior of the living cell is rather noisy in a sense that fluctuations in protein copy numbers can be rather large. For example, there are only few mRNA molecules present in the cell on average. Recently is has been realized that the intracellular noise is not just the quirk of the intracellular biochemistry but is actively used to achieve some function. Conversely, there are number of diseases that emerge when the machinery that controls or exploits noise is not functioning properly. Once expressed, proteins in the living cell assemble into functional complexes. Much less is known about noise characteristics of complex formation processes than what is known about workings of gene expression noise. Accordingly, during the 2011, we focused on devising a new computational method, the X-level Approach Reaction Noise Estimator (XARNES) that can be used to model intracellular noise. The method is rather unique since noise can be studied with a desired level of accuracy. The method has been implemented as user friendly computer software. The accuracy of the method has been characterized in a strict mathematical manner and it was shown in which situations the method can and cannot work. The method has been applied to study a number of strongly cooperative complex formation models. In addition, noise characteristics of ribosome synthesis pathways have been investigated (a collaborative work with the Uppsala University, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology).

Micro and nanosystems group

In 2011 Farzan Ghavanini presented his thesis on the synthesis of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) by direct current plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (dc PECVD). The predictability offered by the synthesis process in terms of control over the spatial and the geometrical properties of the resulting nanofibers provides a powerful tool to implement a wide range of applications from nanoelectromechanical systems to devices for biological applications. Part of this work was published as a featured review in Journal of Applied Physics .

annual report 2011 | bionanosystems

Carbon Nanotube 3D packaging realised with high thermal dissipation performance and good mechanical reliability

An array of individually addressable carbon nanofibers.

Johan LiuHead of Laboratoryjohan.liu@chalmers.se

Wireless communication and remote sensing play an important role in the modern society and almost everyone are using such systems every day. Typical examples are mobile phones, wireless internet connectivity, radio and TV broadcasting, and wireless networks at home or public areas.Thanks to the rapid development in the semiconductor technology, driven by the computerindustry, such microwave systems can be produced in large quantity at a low cost per unit,making it affordable for most people all over the world.

At the Microwave Electronics Laboratory, we focus on application driven research on high speed electronic components, circuits and systems for future communication and remote sensing applications.The research spans frequencies from below 1 GHz to 500 GHz. Our main research areas are within wireless high speed digital communication, sensors such as radar systems and radiometers, and microwave heating. We demonstrate innovative microwave components and circuits in our own fabrication lab, the Nanofabrication Laboratory at MC2, or at external cooperation partners/foundries. We characterize our components and circuits in our measurement laboratory.

Most of our work is project oriented together with other universities, companies and institutes, where the Microwave Electronic Laboratory is responsible for hardware research and development. In addition we contribute to an extensive educational programme including Master of Science and PhD level; approximately 30 PhD students are at the moment pursuing their studies towards a PhD degree.

Infra-red image of a AlGaN/GaN HEMT.

Microwave ElectronicsLaboratory

annual report 2011 | microwave electronics

Millimeterwave/THz integrated circuits

Due to the increasing data traffic in the mobile communication infrastructure, driven by consumer applications such as smartphones and wireless connectivity, new innovative solutions for the backhaul communication are needed. We design integrated circuits based on silicon, and III-V technologies, for future system applications aiming at high data rate wireless and fiber communication, and remote sensing. Our main projects are circuit design and fabrication for high data rate communication aiming at bitrates well above 10 Gbps utilizing unused spectrum at 70-86, 120, 145 and 220 GHz, and THz imaging systems utilizing highly integrated multipixel sensors.By using the most advanced semiconductor technologies available today we can practically demonstrate circuits with unique functionality aiming at new system applications.

Lowbandgap devices and ultra-low noise circuits

We are exploring the lowest-noise components and circuits operating at low temperature for amplification at microwave/millimetre wave frequencies. Applications are found in space receivers and scientific instrumentation. During 2011, a state of the art low noise transistor (HEMT) process was developed in the traditional indium phosphide material system. A broadband integrated circuit 0.5-13 GHz with outstanding noise was demonstrated. Furthermore, we had a research breakthrough with the exotic antimonide-based indiumarsenide HEMT where we published the best low-noise performance ever in a hybrid design. An innovation in isolation of antimonide-based HEMTs based on ion-implantation paves the way to circuit design at extremely low power dissipation.

High efficiency microwave power amplifiers

Microwave power amplifiers dominate the mobile network overall energy consumption. Our research is therefore focused on different techniques for improving the electrical efficiency of microwave high power amplifiers and transmitters for wireless infrastructure applications. A cross-disciplinary approach is used where fundamental research on high efficiency switched mode power amplifier circuit design is combined with research on novel transmitter architectures incorporating advanced digital signal processing methods and using unique widebandgap components developed at MC2. This research is performed in close collaboration with researchers at the Department of Signals and Systems.

Wire-bonded InAs/AlSb HEMT in a hybrid 4-8 GHz amplifier

Herbert ZirathHead of Laboratoryherbert.zirath@chalmers.se

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The Nanofabrication Laboratory is a world-class university cleanroom for research into and fabrication of micro and nanotechnology. The laboratory is run by the Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience - MC2 at Chalmers, but is an open user facility for external as well as internal academic and industrial interests. The Nanofabrication Laboratory offers a broad platform of process tools for the development and testing of new ideas in micro and nanotechnology. Two strategic focus areas in the cleanroom are within quantum devices and microwave/photonic devices. Both rely on our strength and strong heritage within nanoscale lithography.

The Microwave and Photonics Processing Line encompasses a complete set of process tools from material growth to packaging where either access is limited to microwave or photonic devices or where only approved processes can be run. The Line supports complex fabrication of high-quality III-V components with fairly large number of mask layers, such as transistors, varactors and lasers. In a similar way the Quantum Device Line supports fabrication of state-of-the-art quantum devices such as single electron transistors and qubits. The nanofabrication laboratory has 193 process tools available for fabrication and characterisation at the micro/nano-scale.

NanofabricationLaboratory

Nanofabrication

annual report 2011 | nanofabrication

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43 external customers25 Swedish companies where 14 used their own personnel in the cleanroom9 foreign universities or institutes

where 3 used their own personnel in the cleanroom

5 foreign companies where 1 used their own personnel in the cleanroom

4 Swedish universities or institutes

In 2011 the Nanofabrication Laboratory installed two electron beam evaporation systems for metallization, funded by the Swedish Research Council. The two systems from Kurt J Lesker both have twelve pockets for different metals and handles substrate sizes from small pieces up to 150 mm. With this new capability we have eliminated one of the hardest access bottleneck in the cleanroom. We also installed the last tool, a Physical Properties Measurement System (PPMS) funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation grant from 2007. This system from Quantum Design is a cryostat equipped with a 14 Tesla strong magnet and the system measures magnetic, thermal end electrical properties.

The Nanofabrication Laboratory staff of 21 persons, is responsible for running and maintaining the physical cleanroom, maintaining the process equipment, educating and training the users in proper cleanroom behaviour and processing skills, supporting department research through process development and

problem solving, and offering advanced process services to external customers. In 2011 we experienced another busy year in the cleanroom with the second highest level of activity ever. The number of active user and the number of booked tool hours in the cleanroom was 208 and 60408 respectively (212 and 64500 in 2010).

The Nanofabrication Laboratory cooperates with the Ångström Microstructure Laboratory at Uppsala University and the Electrum Laboratory at KTH in the Swedish Micro and Nanofabrication network (www.myfab.se). In 2010 Myfab was recognised by the Swedish Research Council (VR) as the national research infrastructure for micro and nanofabrication and characterisation.

Cleanroom usage 2011

• 208 users that booked equipment• 60 408 booked hours

Lesker electron-beam evaporator for metallization, equipped with 12 sources.

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Peter ModhHead of Laboratorypeter.modh@chalmers.se

Academic users

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125 users from Microtechnol-ogy and Nanoscience

38 users from Applied Phys-ics

13 users from Chemical and Biological Engineering

6 users from Physics and Engineering Physics

6 users from Earth and Space Sciences

At the Photonics Laboratory we conduct application oriented research in optoelectronics and fibre optics. Optical communication is a major area of research, with efforts on system and device technologies for applications extending from long haul transmission to local area networks and short reach interconnects. Efforts are also invested in the development of new photonic materials and device structures for emission and detection at wavelengths spanning from the ultra-violet to the mid-infrared. In addition, new growth techniques for graphene and bismides/tellurides are investigated.

Photonics is the science and technology of light. Among the areas where photonics has large impact is communication. Driven by the development of the Internet, fibre optical communication develops rapidly towards higher capacity and is increasingly used at shorter distances, like in local area networks, datacenters and consumer electronics. At the Photonics Laboratory we implement new modulation formats to achieve higher spectral efficiency in long to medium reach optical communication channels, thereby increasing capacity. Ultralow noise optical amplifiers are developed as they allow a further increase of spectral efficiency by minimizing the deleterious effects caused by fibre nonlinearities during transmission. The more device oriented research is focused on the development of high speed lasers satisfying requirements in short reach optical communication links in terms of power and cost efficiency. The communications related activities are coordinated in the Fibre Optical Communications Research Centre (FORCE) which involves researchers from two departments, MC2 and the Department of Signals and Systems.

PhotonicsLaboratory

Professor Anders Larsson holding a wafer with surface emitting lasers.

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annual report 2011 | photonics

SEM image of a MEMS tunable VCSEL.

Vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL).

Advanced modulation formats in optical communication

Our research on phase-sensitive optical amplifiers was focused on demonstrating improved transmission link performance. An essential technique explored was injection-locking that allows very efficient recovery of the pump wave needed for proper in-line phase-sensitive amplification.

Extensive work was conducted on evaluating the so-called polarization-switched QPSK format in long-haul dense WDM transmission, and its merits versus traditional formats were quantified.

The use of chirped fiber gratings for optical dispersion compensation in coherent systems was extensively evaluated with emphasis on the aspect of group delay ripple in the gratings. In the area of short reach applications, we demonstrated new modulation formats with sensitivity superior to conventional formats which results in an improved power budget.

Semiconductor lasers

Major efforts were devoted to the development of high-speed and high-efficiency vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) for short reach communication. The efficiency and dynamics of our 40 Gbit/s VCSELs were investigated with respect to the cavity photon lifetime and current induced self-heating. The integration of a mode filter for reduced spectral width was shown to be effective for extending the transmission distance on multimode fiber up to 500 m at 25 Gbit/s. In a collaborative effort with HP Labs (Palo Alto, CA, USA) we developed the fabrication process for high contrast gratings in (Al)GaAs as such gratings can be used as highly reflective mirrors in VCSELs for transverse and polarization mode control as well as wavelength setting. In addition, the high speed characteristics of our electro-thermal MEMS tunable VCSEL design was improved, resulting in 5 Gbit/s modulation over 16 nm of tuning.

The work on optically pumped semiconductor disk lasers continued with the development of a new technique for accurate measurements of the spectral reflectance of the gain element in such lasers. The technique enabled, for the first time, the spectral gain characteristics to be investigated and quantified under optical pumping.

Funded by the Swedish Research Council, an effort on III-nitride based blue VCSELs was launched, and we initiated a collaboration with EPFL in Lausanne (Switzerland) on this topic. The main challenges, such as high quality mirrors and current spreading and confining structures, are addressed. In collaboration with the Quantum Device Physics Laboratory at MC2 we explored the use of graphene as a transparent current spreading layer. Graphene was grown directly on p-type GaN and the structural quality and resistivity were investigated.

New photonic materials

The work on rebuilding an MBE system into a unique system that will allow growth of both nitrides and oxides progressed rapidly throughout the year. Hybrid oxide/nitride structures will be produced during the beginning of 2012.

In collaboration with the Swedish company IRnova, we demonstrated single pixel InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice photodetectors with a very low leakage current at a cut-off wavelength of 3.8 µm at 77 K. A novel strain engineering scheme was proposed to effectively tune the overall strain in such superlattices with more than 500 InAs/GaSb periods.

Dilute InGaSbBi thin films, for potential infrared applications, were grown by MBE for the first time and revealed unexpected lattice contraction due to vacancies caused by Bi segregation. It was also found that Bi atoms act as excellent surfactants for InGaAs grown on GaAs, resulting in strong emission up to 1275 nm at room temperature.

Thin films of Bi2Te3, for thermoelectric and topological insulator applications, were successfully grown on Si substrates by MBE. AFM measurements showed smooth surfaces with atomic steps and XRD revealed high crystal quality.

A new technique for growing graphene at lower temperatures, using CBr4 as a precursor and Ga as a catalyst, was proposed and tested in collaboration with a research team at SIMIT, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Results from MBE growth on Ge substrates indicate successful, nanoscale graphitization. The technique may enable the growth of graphene on a large variety of semiconductors.

Anders LarssonHead of Laboratoryanders.larsson@chalmers.se

Modern society benefits from a high density of information that is carried and processed by electronic machines. The high density means small parts. However, as electronic components become smaller and smaller, the technology approaches a limit when the classical electrodynamics is no longer valid. Quantum mechanical effects such as electron tunnelling start affecting the properties of small electronic devices. To address this issue we look at the possibility to make the quantum mechanical effects useful in practical devices.

The research of QDP extends over a variety of different topics. QDP is therefore divided into three sub groups: Experimental Mesoscopic Physics (EMP), Quantum Devices & Oxide Electronics (QuOx) and the Bolometer Group.

Quantum Device PhysicsLaboratory

Graphite from the inside

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Quantum Device Physics

annual report 2011 | quantum device physics

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Our research usually starts from sample fabrication in the modern cleanroom and continues with device characterization by ultra-sensitive microwave and DC measurements in very-low temperature cryostats to avoid the destructive effects of thermal fluctuations. In the most clean-cut experiments, the quantum mechanical effects are so dominant that it becomes possible to design and engineer artificial atoms composed of many usual ones. Such toy atoms have specific energy-levels spacing and interact with photons, very much like usual atoms do. The artificial atoms can also be used as building blocks in computers of the future (q-bits).

The most sensitive magnetometer available, the SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device), the most sensitive electrometer available, the SET (Single Electron Transistor) and the most sensitive bolometer available, the CEB (Cold-Electron Bolometer) can only be realized when they are made small enough and they are made to take advantage of the quantum mechanical effects. The research at the Ouatum Device Physics Laboratory (QDP) extends over a variety of different topics. QDP is therefore divided in to three sub groups: Experimental Mesoscopic Physics (EMP), Quantum Devices & Oxide Electronics (QuOx) and the Bolometer Group. The focus of the EMP group is quantum computation, molecular and single electronics. The focus of the QuOx group is high temperature superconductors, intrinsic Josephson junctions and ferroelectric materials. The focus of the Bolometer group is bolometer sensors. We also have a small Atomic-level Quantum Theory Group in our lab.

The biomedical area can benefit from nanometer sized objects as well. One of the research directions of our lab concerns dynamics of small magnetic nanoparticles when specific biomolecules are attached to them. The change in the dynamics that is detected with our SQUIDs

can then indicate, for example, the presence of cancerous tissues. By directing them towards the brain with a new magnetoencephalography effort, our SQUIDs may also shed light on some of the mysteries of the human mind.

The ultimate miniaturization can be achieved when individual molecules themselves are set to work as the elements of electrical circuits, paving the way for the future molecular electronics. The researchers at our laboratory have managed to attach electrical contacts to a single molecule and send an electrical current through it - an apparently impossible and difficult task. Even changes in the geometrical shape of the molecule could be detected from such measurements. The material does not necessarily need to be small in all directions. Squeezing dimensions in only one direction is already sufficient for harvesting many beneficial properties of the resulting materials. Many of these low-dimensional materials are moreover unique with regard to quasiparticles that possess different spatial, electrical, and spin degrees of freedom. One example is layered high temperature superconductors in which the quasiparticles freely move along the planes but need to tunnel from one plane to another in the perpendicular direction. Naturally forming intrinsic tunnel junctions like these can be used for basic studies and in a number of applications.

Another example is the recently discovered graphene, a monolayer of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. Mechanically, graphene is the strongest and hardest material; it conducts heat and electrical current as good as copper and is moreover optically transparent. This promises many applications that are however dependent on large-scale production technology of graphene. Developing catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of graphene is one of the promising projects in our lab.

Suspended graphene membarne for NEMS (nano-electromechanical systems) applications.

Avgust YurgensHead of Laboratoryavgust.yurgens@chalmers.se

At the Terahertz and Millimetre Wave Laboratory we conduct research on new materials, devices and circuits for applications in the microwave, millimetre wave and terahertz frequency region. The continuous interests in submillimetre wave (300 GHz to 3 THz) applications have generated a strong need for reliable, room temperature operational and compact THz electronics.

Sandwiched between the visible light on the short wavelength side and radio waves on the long wavelength extreme, the terahertz or submillimetre wave radiation has long been considered the last remaining scientific gap in the electromagnetic spectrum.Consequently, this is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum (0.1-10 THz) where optical and microwave techniques meet. We fabricate novel devices in our state-of-the-art Nanofabrication facility at MC2 and evaluate these in various circuit demonstrators in our top-class microwave and terahertz characterisation facilities.

Our research finds applications in radio astronomy, atmospheric science, radar sensors, THz-imaging systems, and future wireless communication systems.

Terahertz and Millimetre WaveLaboratory

Barium-Strontium Titanate FBARs (Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators).

Laboratory

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annual report 2011 | terahertz and millimetre wave

Integrated THz electronics

The continuous interests in submillimetre wave (300 GHz to 3 THz) applications have generated a strong need for reliable, room temperature operational and compact THz electronics. As part of this quest, we have developed low noise mixer diodes, and varactor diodes and explored different ways towards monolithic integration. For instance, we have succeeded in producing an integrated and very compact sideband-separating radio receiver that offers high performance, for work in the Terahertz band. The work is a collaboration between Chalmers and the company Omnisys Instruments AB, aiming for new measurement equipment for SteamR – the second largest space initiative in Sweden. The radiometer SteamR (Stratosphere Troposphere Exchange And Climate Monitor Radiometer) is the Swedish contribution to the space project PREMIER, which is being run by the European Space Agency, ESA. ESA's task, based on continuous measurement of atmospheric gases, is to develop better climate models and create a better understanding of climate change. The new integrated Schottky receiver enables simultaneous measurement of the existence of several greenhouse gases and other harmful pollutants although with a greater degree of accuracy than previously.

Graphene based electronics

Single layer graphene is a two-dimensional material that exhibits unique properties for high frequency electronics. The large interest in graphene is due to very high intrinsic carrier mobility, together with the ability to change its carrier density by the field-effect.The overall aim of this project is to assess the

potential of graphene for use in microwave & terahertz electronics. During 2011, we have for the first time demonstrated a novel subharmonic graphene FET (G-FET) mixer at microwave frequencies. The mixer provides new opportunities in future electronics, as it enables compact circuit technology, potential to reach high frequencies and integration with silicon technology. Moreover, a new semi empirical large signal G-FET model has been proposed, which can be used for analysing and designing G-FET based circuits.

Emerging microwave technologies group

The group continues exploring agile microwave components using ferroelectrics and multiferroics. In 2011 state-of-the-art tuneable Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators (FBARs) were developed.Barium-Strontium Titanate FBARs based on all-dielectric Bragg reflectors demonstrated 3.8% DC voltage tunability at about 6 GHz. These resonators are used in three pole switchable bandpass.A new multiferroic composition based on Barium Titanate and Bismuth Ferrite is developed and used in tuneable FBARs. Tunability 4.5% and figure of merit Q f (product of Q factor and frequency) more than 1200 GHz was demonstrated at about 4 GHz. These activities are supported by Swedish Research Council (Vetenskaprådet). In a new MNT.ERA.net project (VINNOVA), in cooperation with Biolin Scientific, tuneable FBARs are considered for biosensor applications. Models of Indium Phosphate based transmission lines for microwave photonic components are developed within European Commission supported Integrated Project, PARADIGM.

SEM image of a subharmonic graphene-FET mixer, which utilises the ability in graphene to switch between hole or electron carrier transport via the field effect.

Jan StakeHead of Laboratoryjan.stake@chalmers.se

Abbasi, M. ; Kjellberg, T. ; de Graauw, A. et al. (2011). A direct conversion quadrature transmitter with digital interface in 45 nm CMOS for high-speed 60 GHz communications. Digest of Papers - IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium. Baltimore, 5-7 June 2011. ISBN/ISSN: 978-142448293-1 Nr. 145498

Abbasi, M. ; Gunnarsson, S. E. ; Wadefalk, N. et al. (2011). Single-Chip 220-GHz Active Heterodyne Receiver and Transmitter MMICs With On-Chip Integrated Antenna. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 59 (2) s. 466-478. Nr. 138799

Abbaszadehbanaeiyan, A. (2011). One-Chip Integration of MEMS-Tunable VCSELs Operating in the Near-Infrared Regime. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 154750

Abrahamsson, R. ; Bennehag, A. (2011). S Band Multi-function Down-converter GaAs MMIC. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 137068

Abuwasib, M. (2011). Fabrication of air-bridges for qubit design. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 150722

Adamyan, A. (2011). Calibration and Optimization of Near-Field Scanning Microwave Microscope. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 153358

Adolfsson, G. (2011). Dilute Nitride Lasers and Spectrally Engineered Semiconductor Laser Resonators. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Doctoral thesis ISBN/ISSN: 978-91-7385489-4 Nr. 135894

Adolfsson, G. ; Bengtsson, J. ; Haglund, Å. et al. (2011). Realization of spectrally engineered semiconductor Fabry-Perot lasers with narrow geometrical tolerances. AIP Journal of Applied Physics. 109 (9) s. 093112. Nr. 140545

Agrell, E. ; Karlsson, M. (2011). On the symbol error probability of regular polytopes. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 57 (6) s. 3411-3415. Nr. 129298

Agten, D. (2011). MEMS-based microshutters for time-of-flight measurements in space. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 153772

Agten, D. ; Brinkfelt, K. ; Wieser, M. et al. (2011). Modeling of a scalable coupled resonator array for microshutter applications. MME 22, Micromechanics and Micro systems Europe Workshop, June 19-22, 2011, Toensberg, Norway. s. 154-157. ISBN/ISSN: 978-82-7860-224-9 Nr. 153723

Alavian Ghavanini, F. (2011). Synthesis and characterization of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers for nanoscale devices. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Doctoral thesisNr. 153750

Alavian Ghavanini, F. ; Damián, M. E. L. ; Rafieian, D. et al. (2011). Controlling the initial phase of PECVD growth of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers on TiN. Sensors and Actutators A: Physical. 172 (1) s. 347-358. Nr. 153778

Alavian Ghavanini, F. ; Jackman, H. ; Krister, S. et al. (2011). Direct Measurement of the Bending Stiffness of Individual Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers (VACNFs). NT11 International Conference on the Science and Application of Nanotubes University of Cambridge, Cambridge, 10 – 16 July, 2011. Nr. 153744

Alavian Ghavanini, F. (2011). Synthesis and characterization of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers for nanoscale devices . Doctoral thesis ISBN/ISSN: 978-91-7385-587-7 Nr. 146760

Alavian Ghavanini, F. ; Enoksson, P. ; Bengtsson, S. et al. (2011). Vertically aligned carbon based varactors. Journal of Applied Physics. 110 (2) Nr. 147182

Andersson, C. ; Ejebjörk, N. ; Henry, A. et al. (2011). A SiC Varactor With Large Effective Tuning Range for Microwave Power Applications. IEEE Electron Device Letters. 32 (6) s. 788-790. Nr. 141587

Andersson, C. ; Thorsell, M. ; Rorsman, N. (2011). Nonlinear Characterization of Varactors for Tunable Networks by Active Source-Pull and Load-Pull. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 59 (7) s. 1753-1760. Nr. 146226

Andersson, C. ; Magnusson, B. ; Henelius, N. et al. (2011). Epitaxial and Layout Optimization of SiC Microwave Power Varactors. Asia Pacific Microwave Conference. s. 4. Nr. 152899

Andersson, T. ; Berland, K. ; Farivar, R. et al. (2011). Design and Fabrication of AlN/GaN Heterostructures for Intersubband Technology. ISPlasma 2011, March 6-9, 2011 Nagoya, Japan. Nr. 153666

Andrekson, P. (2011). Phase sensitive fiber optic parametric amplifiers. 37th European Conference on Optical Communication and Exhibition, ECOC 2011, Geneva, 18 September 2011 through 22 September 2011. ISBN/ISSN: 978-155752931-2 Nr. 150998

Andrekson, P. (2011). Metrology of complex optical modulation formats. 2011 Optical

Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, OFC/NFOEC 2011. ISBN/ISSN: 978-145770213-6 Nr. 144908

Arafin, S. ; Bachmann, A. ; Vizbaras, K. et al. (2011). Comprehensive analysis of electrically-pumped GaSb-based VCSELs. Optics Express. 19 (18) s. 17267-17282. Nr. 147160

Aref, T. ; Maisi, V. F. ; Gustafsson, M. et al. (2011). Andreev tunneling in charge pumping with SINIS turnstiles. Europhysics Letters. 96 (3) Nr. 149887

Avolio, G. ; Schreurs, D. ; Raffo, A. et al. (2011). Identification technique of FET model based on vector nonlinear measurements. Electronics Letters. 47 (24) s. 1323-U37. Nr. 150832

Baranowski, M. ; Kudrawiec, R. ; Syperek, M. et al. (2011). Contactless Electroreflectance, Photoluminescence and Time-Resolved Photoluminescence of GaInNAs Quantum Wells Obtained by the MBE Method with N-irradiation. Semiconductor Science and Technology. 26 (4) s. 045012. Nr. 138388

Baveja, P. P. ; Kögel, B. ; Westbergh, P. et al. (2011). Assessment of VCSEL thermal rollover mechanisms from measurements and empirical modeling. Optics Express. 19 (16) s. 15490-15505. Nr. 145958

Bengtsson, S. ; Enoksson, P. ; Alavian Ghavanini, F. et al. (2011). Carbon-based nanoelectromechanical devices. International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems. 20 (1) s. 195-. Nr. 154708

Berge, J. ; Gevorgian, S. (2011). Tunable bulk acoustic wave resonators based on Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 thin films and a HfO2/SiO2 Bragg reflector. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 58 (12) Nr. 151647

Bergvall, A. ; Berland, K. ; Hyldgaard, P. et al. (2011). Graphene nanogap for gate-tunable quantum-coherent single-molecule electronics. Physical Review B. 84 (15) Nr. 149430

Berland, K. ; Borck, O. ; Hyldgaard, P. (2011). Van der Waals density functional calculations of binding in molecular crystals. Computer Physics Communications. 182 (9) s. 1800-1804. Nr. 143941

Berland, K. ; Andersson, T. ; Hyldgaard, P. (2011). Polarization-balanced design of heterostructures: Application to AlN/GaN double-barrier structures. Physical Review B. 84 (24) Nr. 154725

Berland, K. (2011). A general solution to the Schrodinger-Poisson equation for a charged hard wall: Application to potential profile of an AlN/GaN barrier structure. Superlattices and Microstructures. 50 (4) s. 411-418. Nr. 148347

Berland, K. ; Chakarova-Käck, S. D. ; Cooper, V. et al. (2011). A van der Waals density functional study of adenine on graphene: Single-molecular adsorption and overlayer binding. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 23 s. 135001. Nr. 127267

Bevilacqua, S. ; Cherednichenko, S. ; Drakinskiy, V. et al. (2011). Investigation of MgB2 HEB mixer gain bandwidth. International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), 2011. s. 1 - 2. ISBN/ISSN: 978-1-4577-0508-3 Nr. 152787

Beygi, L. ; Agrell, E. ; Karlsson, M. et al. (2011). Signal Statistics in Fiber-Optical Channels with Polarization Multiplexing and Self-Phase Modulation. IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology. 29 (16) s. 2379 - 2386 . Nr. 141536

Beygi, L. ; Agrell, E. ; Karlsson, M. (2011). Optimization of 16-point Ring Constellations in the Presence of Nonlinear Phase Noise. Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition (OFC) and The National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (NFOEC). s. OThO4. Nr. 137307

Bezuglyi, E. V. ; Bratus, E. N. ; Shumeiko, V. (2011). Dissipative charge transport in diffusive superconducting double-barrier junctions. Physical Review B. 83 (18) s. 184517. Nr. 141450

Boikov, Y.A.; Liljenfors, T. ; Olsson, E. et al. (2011). Variations in the electrical resistivity of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 films and induced interconversions of ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic inclusions in their bulk. Physics of the Solid State. 53 (10) s. 2168-2173. Nr. 153219

Borgentun, C. ; Bengtsson, J. ; Larsson, A. (2011). Method for measuring reflectance of semiconductor disk laser gain element under optical pump excitation. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), Baltimore, USA, 1-6/5 2011. Nr. 144853

Borgentun, C. ; Bengtsson, J. ; Larsson, A. (2011). Direct measurement of the spectral reflectance of OP-SDL gain elements under optical pumping. Optics Express. 19 (18) s. 16890-16897. Nr. 144314

Borgentun, C. ; Hessenius, C. ; Bengtsson, J. et al. (2011). Widely Tunable High-Power

Publications 2011The list of publications (including journal articles , conference papers , PhD theses, licentiate theses and master’s theses) are collected from Chalmers Publication Library (http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/cpl/). The No.XXXXXX refers to the publication number in the database. The references without journal references are master’s theses.

Semiconductor Disk Laser With Nonresonant AR-Assisted Gain Element on Diamond Heat Spreader. IEEE Photonics Journal. 3 (5) s. 946-953. Nr. 147526

Borgentun, C. ; Bengtsson, J. ; Larsson, A. (2011). Full characterization of a high-power semiconductor disk laser beam with simultaneous capture of optimally sized focus and farfield. Applied Optics. 50 (12) s. 1640-1649. Nr. 139211

Boulanger, B. ; Cundiff, S. T. ; Gauthier, D. J. et al. (2011). Focus issue introduction: nonlinear optics. Optics Express. 19 (23) s. 23561-23566. Nr. 149886 Bridges, F. (2011). EXAFS Evidence for a Primary ZnLi Dopant in LiNbO3. Nr. 152759

Brinkfeldt, K. ; Enoksson, P. ; Wieser, M. et al. (2011). Microshutters for MEMS-based time-of-flight measurements in space. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). s. 597-600. ISBN/ISSN: 978-142449632-7 Nr. 141288

Buniatian, V. ; Martirosyan, N. ; Vorobiev, A. et al. (2011). Dielectric model of point charge defects in insulating paraelectric perovskites. Journal of Applied Physics. 110 (9) Nr. 150216

Camenius, A. (2011). Novel Interferometric Methods for Characterization of Microscale Components for External-Cavity Semiconductor Lasers. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 154776

Cao, H. ; Fager, C. ; Khan, T. et al. (2011). Comparison of bandwidth reduction schemes in dynamic load modulation power amplifier architectures. IEEE Workshop on Integrated Nonlinear Microwave and Millimetre-Wave Circuits (INMMIC), 2011 . s. 1-4. ISBN/ISSN: 978-1-4577-0650-9 Nr. 140960

Cao, H. (2011). Linearization of High Efficiency Transmitters for Wireless Communications. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Doctoral thesis ISBN/ISSN: 978-91-7385-620-1 Nr. 148307

Carlberg, B. ; Ye, L. L. ; Liu, J. (2011). Surface-Confined Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle Composite Coating on Electrospun Polyimide Nanofibers. Small. 7 (21) s. 3057-3066. Nr. 150858

Carlsson, M. (2011). CAN Sample-Point Analyzer. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 153560

Chehrenegar, P. ; Axelsson, O. ; Grahn, J. et al. (2011). Design and characterization of a highly linear 3 GHz GaN HEMT amplifier. 2011 Workshop on Integrated Nonlinear Microwave and Millimetre-Wave Circuits, INMMiC 2011. Vienna, 18-19 April 2011. ISBN/ISSN: 978-145770649-3 Nr. 145467

Chen, X. ; Kildal, P-S. ; Lai, S-H. (2011). Estimation of average Rician K-factor and average mode bandwidth in loaded reverberation chamber. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. Nr. 151939

Cherednichenko, S. ; Hammar, A. ; Bevilacqua, S. et al. (2011). Wideband THz detectors based on YBCO thin films at 77K and at room temperature. 6th ESA Workshop on Millimetre-Wave Technology and Applications. Nr. 146496

Cherednichenko, S. ; Hammar, A. ; Bevilacqua, S. et al. (2011). A room temperature bolometer for terahertz coherent and incoherent detection . IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology. 1 (2) s. 395 - 402. Nr. 146499

Chukharkin, M. ; Kalaboukhov, A. ; Schneiderman, J. F. et al. (2011). Noise properties of HTS flux transformers fabricated by chemical-mechanical polishing. European conference on applied supercondutivity. Nr. 153381

Ciancio, R. ; Pettersson, H. ; Fittipaldi, R. et al. (2011). Electron backscattering diffraction and X-ray diffraction studies of interface relationships in Sr3Ru2O7/Sr2RuO4 eutectic crystals. Micron. 42 (4) s. 324-329. Nr. 139671

Dahlbäck, R. ; Vukusic, J. ; Stake, J. (2011). Development of a waveguide integrated sub-millimetre wave spatially power combined HBV multiplier. 6th ESA Workshop on Millimetre-Wave Technology and Applications and 4th Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves,. Nr. 141078

Dahlbäck, R. (2011). Sub-millimetre wave imaging. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 138392

Damián, M. E. L. (2011). Vertically aligned carbon nanofiber synthesis on top of TiN films for NEMS devices. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 150511

Dash, S. P. ; Carstanjen, H. D. (2011). Initial stages of growth of iron on silicon for spin injection through Schottky barrier. Physica Status Solidi B - Basic Solid State Physics. 248 (10) s. 2300-2304. Nr. 148556

Dash, S. P. ; Sharma, S. ; Le Breton, J. C. et al. (2011). Spin precession and inverted Hanle effect in a semiconductor near a finite-roughness ferromagnetic interface. Physical Review B. 84 (5) Nr. 145953

Davani, H. A. ; Grasse, C. ; Kögel, B. et al. (2011). Widely Electro Thermal Tunable Bulk-Micromachined MEMS-VCSEL Operating Around 850nm. International Quantum Electronics Conference/Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (IQEC/CLEO Pacific Rim). Nr. 151659

Demidov, V. V. ; Borisenko, I. V. ; Klimov, A. A. et al. (2011). Magnetic Anisotropy of Strained Epitaxial Manganite Films. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics. 112 (5) s. 825-832. Nr. 144088

Dochev, D. ; Desmaris, V. ; Pavolotsky, A. et al. (2011). Growth and characterization of epitaxial ultra-thin NbN films on 3C-SiC/Si substrate for terahertz applications.

Superconductor Science and Technology. 24 (3) s. 035016 (6pp). Nr. 135617

Drakinskiy, V. ; Sobis, P. ; Tang, A. Y. et al. (2011). Development of planar THz Schottky diodes. 6th ESA Workshop on Millimetre-Wave Technology and Applications. Nr. 153325

Du, W. ; Cui, H. ; Chen, S. et al. (2011). Study into high temperature reliability of isotropic conductive adhesive. Proceedings - 12th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology and High Density Packaging, ICEPT-HDP 2011, Shanghai, 8-11 August 2011. s. 1053-1055. ISBN/ISSN: 978-145771768-0 Nr. 150846

Du, W. ; Cui, H. ; Chen, S. et al. (2011). Study on the reliability of fast curing isotropic conductive adhesive. ECS Transactions. 34 (1) s. 805 - 810. Nr. 151697

Ebenhag, S-C. ; Hedekvist, P. O. ; Jaldehag, K. (2011). Active detection of propagation delay variations in single way time transfer utilizing dual wavelengths in an optical fiber network. Proceedings of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition. ISBN/ISSN: 978-161284110-6 Nr. 149551

Ejebjörk, N. ; Zirath, H. ; Bergman, P. et al. (2011). Optimization of SiC MESFET for high power and high frequency applications. Materials Science Forum. 8th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials. Sundvolden Conf Ctr, Oslo, NORWAY, AUG 29-SEP 02, 2010. 679-680 s. 629-632. Nr. 139690

Engström, O. (2011). Quantum dots and high-k MOS stacks: Research at Chalmers and ITE (Invited). Micro and Nano-Electronics 2DAYS, Sapienza, Rome, September 29 - 30, 2011. Nr. 149353

Engström, O. (2011). Electron states in MOS systems (Invited). ECS Transactions. 35 (4) s. 19 -38. ISBN/ISSN: 978-156677865-7 Nr. 143698

Engström, O. ; Kaniewska, M. ; Kaczmarczyk, M. (2011). Coulomb interaction between InAs/GaAs quantum dots and adjacent impurities. American Institute of Physics, Conf. Proc. . 1399 s. 297. Nr. 151261

Engström, O. (2011). Physical trends in high-k oxides: Report from a tour in the Periodic System. Tutorial at INFOS 2011, New Challenges in Nanoelectronics, Grenoble June 21 (Invited). Nr. 143718

Eriksson, T. (2011). Real-Time Parallel Optical Sampling. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 151786

Fager, C. ; Andersson, K. ; Ferndahl, M. (2011). Uncertainties in small-signal equivalent circuit modeling. Nonlinear Transistor Model Parameter Extraction Techniques. ISBN/ISSN: 978-0-521-76210-6 Nr. 152766

Fager, C. ; Mashad Nemati, H. ; Saad, P. et al. (2011). High efficiency power amplifier design using switch mode optimized transistor models. IEEE International Microwave Conference, Baltimore, Workshop on WMJ: Compact Equivalent Circuits and Table Based FET Models ‐ Is There One Winner for Circuit Designers and Foundries?. Nr. 152778

Fagerlind, M. ; Rorsman, N. (2011). Optimization of recessed ohmic contacts for AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures using C(V) characterization of MSHM structures. Physica Status Solidi C. 8 (7-8) s. 2204-2206. Nr. 153676

Fan, Q. ; Cui, H. ; Li, D. et al. (2011). The effect of functionalized silver on properties of conductive adhesives. Proceedings - 12th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology and High Density Packaging, ICEPT-HDP 2011, Shanghai, 8-11 August 2011. s. 423-425. ISBN/ISSN: 978-145771768-0 Nr. 150818

Fan, Q. ; Cui, H. ; Fu, C. et al. (2011). The effect of functionalized silver on rheological and electrical properties of conductive adhesives. ECS Transactions. 10th China Semiconductor Technology International Conference 2011, CSTIC 2011. Shanghai, 13-14 March 2011. 34 (1) s. 811-816. ISBN/ISSN: 978-160768235-6 Nr. 145785

Felbinger, J. ; Fagerlind, M. ; Axelsson, O. et al. (2011). Fabrication and Characterization of Thin-Barrier Al05Ga05N/AlN/GaN HEMTs. IEEE Electron Device Letters. 32 (7) s. 889-891. Nr. 139889

Ferndahl, M. ; Vickes, H-O. (2011). The combiner matrix balun, A transistor based differential to single-ended module for broadband applications. 2011 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, IMS 2011; Baltimore, MD; 5 June 2011 through 10 June 2011. ISBN/ISSN: 978-161284756-6 Nr. 146892

Fhager, A. ; Zeng, X. ; Rubaek, T. et al. (2011). Progress in clinical diagnostics and treatment with electromagnetic fields. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011. Rome, 11-15 April 2011. s. 1936-1937. ISBN/ISSN: 978-888202074-3 Nr. 145888

Fogelström, M. ; Graf, M. J. (2011). Tunneling limit of heavy-fermion point contacts. International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2010). 273 Nr. 142730

Fogelström, M. (2011). Structure of the core of magnetic vortices in d-wave superconductors with a subdominant triplet pairing mechanism. Physical Review B. 84 (6) s. 064530. Nr. 146281

Gavell, M. ; Ferndahl, M. ; Gunnarsson, S. E. et al. (2011). A 53 GHz single chip receiver for geostationary atmospheric measurements. 33rd IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium: Integrated Circuits in GaAs, InP, SiGe, GaN and Other Compound Semiconductors, CSICS 2011, Waikoloa, 16-19 October 2011. ISBN/ISSN: 978-161284712-2 Nr. 150736

Gevorgian, S. ; Vorobiev, A. (2011). Model of ferroelectric FBARs including

annual report 2011 | publications

longitudinal and shear waves. International Symposium on Integrated Functionalities, July 31-August 4, 2011, Cambridge, England. Nr. 153360

Gierl, C. ; Zogal, K. ; Jatta, S. et al. (2011). Tuneable VCSEL aiming for the application in interconnects and short haul systems. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. Optical Metro Networks and Short-Haul Systems III; San Francisco, CA; 25-27 January 2011. 7959 ISBN/ISSN: 978-081948496-3 Nr. 141373

Greibe, T. ; Stenberg, M. ; Wilson, C. et al. (2011). Are "Pinholes" the Cause of Excess Current in Superconducting Tunnel Junctions? A Study of Andreev Current in Highly Resistive Junctions. Physical Review Letters. 106 (9) Nr. 138043

Grüner-Nielsen, L. ; Herstrom, S. ; Dasgupta, S. et al. (2011). Silica-based highly nonlinear fibers with a high SBS threshold. 2011 IEEE Winter Topicals, WTM 2011. s. 171-172. ISBN/ISSN: 978-142448428-7 Nr. 141291

Gustafsson, D. ; Lombardi, F. ; Bauch, T. (2011). Noise properties of nanoscale YBa2Cu3O7- ‐ Josephson junctions. Physical Review B. 84 (18) Nr. 151758

Gustavsson, U. ; Eriksson, T. ; Mashad Nemati, H. et al. (2011). An RF Carrier Bursting System using Partial Quantization Noise Cancellation. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I - Regular Papers. Nr. 136696

Gustavsson, U. (2011). From Noise-Shaped Coding to Energy Efficiency - One bit at the time. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Doctoral thesis ISBN/ISSN: 978-91-7385-617-1 Nr. 148669

Habibpour, O. (2011). Fabrication, Characterisation and Modelling of Subharmonic Graphene FET Mixers. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 148080

Habibpour, O. ; Cherednichenko, S. ; Vukusic, J. et al. (2011). Mobility Improvement and Microwave Characterization of a Graphene Field Effect Transistor With Silicon Nitride Gate Dielectrics. IEEE Electron Device Letters. 32 (7) s. 871-873. Nr. 140930

Haglund, E. ; Haglund, Å. ; Westbergh, P. et al. (2011). Low Spectral Width High-Speed VCSELs. International Nano-Optoelectronic Workshop (iNOW). Nr. 153661

Hammar, A. ; Cherednichenko, S. ; Bevilacqua, S. et al. (2011). Terahertz Direct Detection in YBa2Cu3O7 Microbolometers. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology. 1 (2) s. 390 - 394. Nr. 145661

Hanning, J. ; Bryllert, T. ; Stake, J. et al. (2011). HBV MMIC frequency tripler and quintupler for high power THz applications. Millimetre Wave Days Proceedings,The 6th ESA Workshop on Millimetre-Wave Technology and Applications AND The 4th Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves GSMM2011, May 23rd – May 25th, 2011, MilliLab, Espoo, Finland. Nr. 150434

Hanning, J. (2011). HBV diodes for THz applications. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 138055

Haroon, M. (2011). Electronic Distortion Compensation in Optical Differentially Modulated Systems. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 148427 He, Z. (2011). Hardware Solutions for High Data Rate Modems. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 146967

Hedekvist, P. O. ; Ebenhag, S-C. ; Jaldehag, K. (2011). Active optical pre-compensation in short range frequency transfer in optical single-mode fiber. 2011 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/European Frequency and Time Forum Proceedings. s. 315-316. ISBN/ISSN: 978-1-61284-110-6 Nr. 149296

Herrmann, B. (2011). Supply modulation study for Ericsson MINI LINK. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 147355

Hoi, I-C. (2011). Strong Interaction Between a Single Artificial Atom and Propagating Microwave Photons. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 135039

Hoi, I-C. ; Wilson, C. ; Johansson, G. et al. (2011). Demonstration of a Single-Photon Router in the Microwave Regime. Physical Review Letters. 107 (7) Nr. 145694

Holmqvist, C. ; Teber, S. ; Fogelström, M. (2011). Nonequilibrium effects in a Josephson junction coupled to a precessing spin. Physical Review B. 83 (10) Nr. 139070

Hu, Z. ; Du, W. ; Yue, C. et al. (2011). Influence of substrate on electrical conductivity of isotropic conductive adhesives. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials (APM), Xiamen, China, October 25-28, 2011. s. 330 - 335. ISBN/ISSN: 978-1-4673-0148-0 Nr. 151740

Hu, Z. ; Guo, X. M. ; Liu, J. (2011). Molecular Gun Composed of Carbon Nanotube. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience. 8 (9) s. 1716-1719. Nr. 154159

Ingham, J.D.; Penty, R.V.; White, I.H. et al. (2011). 32 Gb/s multilevel modulation of an 850 nm VCSEL for next-generation datacommunication standards. 2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2011; Baltimore, MD; 1 May 2011 through 6 May 2011. ISBN/ISSN: 978-155752910-7 Nr. 146900

Ingham, J. D. ; Penty, R. V. ; White, I. H. et al. (2011). Orthogonal multipulse modulation for next-generation datacommunication links. 37th European Conference on Optical Communication and Exhibition, ECOC 2011, Geneva, 18 September 2011 through 22 September 2011. ISBN/ISSN: 978-155752931-2 Nr. 151047

Inoue, M. ; Muta, H. ; Yamanaka, S. et al. (2011). Electrical and thermal conductivities of thermally conductive adhesives composed of a multi-functional epoxy resin containing Ag-plated Cu fillers. Proceedings of the International Conference on

Electronics Packaging (ICEP), Japan, Nara 2011 April 13-15. s. 941 - 946. Nr. 151737

Janssen, T. ; Fletcher, N. E. ; Goebel, R. et al. (2011). Graphene, universality of the quantum Hall effect and redefinition of the SI system. New Journal of Physics. 13 Nr. 149420

Janssen, T. ; Tzalenchuk, A. ; Yakimova, R. et al. (2011). Anomalously strong pinning of the filling factor nu=2 in epitaxial graphene. Physical Review B. 83 (23) Nr. 142357

Jedrasik, P. ; Vlad, A. ; Södervall, U. (2011). Technological and Material Related Challenges for Large Area, High Aspect-Ratio, Near Teradot/Inch(2) Areal Density and Three-Dimensional Structuring of Polyaniline. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 11 (10) s. 8924-8935. Nr. 154734

Jiang, C. Y. ; Shalygin, V. A. ; Panevin, V. Y. et al. (2011). Helicity-dependent photocurrents in graphene layers excited by midinfrared radiation of a CO2 laser. Physical Review B. 84 (12) Nr. 147222

Jiang, N. ; Gong, Y. ; Karout, J. et al. (2011). Stochastic Backpropagation for Coherent Optical Communications. European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication. Nr. 141769

Johannisson, P. ; Gosset, C. ; Karlsson, M. (2011). A Blind Phase Stabilization Algorithm for Parallel Coherent Receivers. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 29 (24) s. 3737-3743. Nr. 151873

Johannisson, P. ; Wymeersch, H. ; Sjödin, M. et al. (2011). Convergence Comparison of the CMA and ICA for Blind Polarization Demultiplexing. Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. 3 (6) s. 493-501. Nr. 140383

Johannisson, P. ; Sjödin, M. ; Karlsson, M. (2011). A Modified CMA for PS-QPSK. Advanced Photonics, Signal Processing in Photonic Communications. s. SPTuB3. Nr. 142243

Johannisson, P. ; Sjödin, M. ; Karlsson, M. et al. (2011). Modified constant modulus algorithm for polarization-switched QPSK. Optics Express. 19 (8) s. 7734-7741. Nr. 138467

Jusic, N. ; Rathinavelu, T. (2011). Wireless Sensor Networks. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 153552

Kaczmarczyk, M. ; Kaniewska, M. ; Engström, O. (2011). The influence of inhomogeneous trap distribution on results of DLTS study. Microelectronics Reliability. 51 (7) s. 1159-1161. Nr. 143900

Kaiser, C. ; Bauch, T. ; Lombardi, F. et al. (2011). Quantum phase dynamics in an LC shunted Josephson junction. Journal of Applied Physics. 109 (9) Nr. 141453

Kalaboukhov, A. ; Boikov, Y. A. ; Serenkov, I. T. et al. (2011). Improved cationic stoichiometry and insulating behavior at the interface of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 formed at high oxygen pressure during pulsed-laser deposition. EPL. 93 (3) Nr. 138198

Kalem, S. ; Werner, P. ; Nilsson, B. et al. (2011). Controlled thinning and surface smoothening of silicon nanopillars. Nanotechnology. 20 (44) s. 445303. Nr. 147505

Kalem, S. ; Werner, P. ; Hagberg, M. et al. (2011). Microscopic Si whiskers. Microelectronic Engineering. 88 (8) s. 2593-2596. Nr. 147165

Kalem, S. ; Werner, P. ; Arthursson, Ö. et al. (2011). Black silicon with high density and high aspect ratio nanowhiskers. Nanotechnology. 22 (23) Nr. 140588

Kaniewska, M. ; Engström, O. ; Karmous, A. et al. (2011). Hole emission mechanism in Ge/Si quantum dots. Physica Status Solidi C. 8 (2) s. 411 -413. Nr. 143696

Kaniewska, M. ; Engström, O. ; Karmous, A. et al. (2011). Spatial variarion of hole eigen energies in Ge/Si quantum wells. American Institute of Physics, Conf. Proc.. 1399 ( ) s. 293. Nr. 151259

Karch, J. ; Drexler, C. ; Olbrich, P. et al. (2011). Terahertz Radiation Driven Chiral Edge Currents in Graphene. Physical Review Letters. 107 (27) Nr. 154134

Karlson, E. ; Landahl, M. ; Ostrovskii, D. et al. (2011). Van der Waals-växelverkan mellan grafen och alkaner. Nr. 146671

Karlsson, M. ; Agrell, E. (2011). Power efficient modulation schemes [Invited book chapter]. Impact of Nonlinearities on Fiber Optic Communication. Nr. 129303

Karlsson, M. ; Agrell, E. (2011). Generalized pulse-position modulation for optical power-efficient communication. 37th European Conference on Optical Communication and Exhibition, ECOC 2011, Geneva, 18 September 2011 through 22 September 2011. ISBN/ISSN: 978-155752931-2 Nr. 150995

Karlsson, M. ; Agrell, E. (2011). Multilevel pulse-position modulation for optical power-efficient communication. Optics Express. 19 (26) s. B799-B804. Nr. 149840

Karlsson, R. ; Kurczy, M. ; Grzhibovskis, R. et al. (2011). Mechanics of lipid bilayer junctions affecting the size of a connecting lipid nanotube. Nanoscale Research Letters. 6 Nr. 143855

Karout, J. ; Agrell, E. ; Szczerba, K. et al. (2011). Designing Power-Efficient Modulation Formats for Noncoherent Optical Systems . Proc. IEEE Global Communications Conference (GlobeCom) [Best paper award]. Nr. 144660

Karout, J. ; Wymeersch, H. ; Tan, A. S. et al. (2011). CMA Misconvergence in Coherent Optical Communication for Signals Generated from a Single PRBS . Wireless &

annual report 2011 | publications

optical communications conference, New Jersey, 15-16 April 2011. ISBN/ISSN: 978-145770454-3 Nr. 139193

Karout, J. ; Agrell, E. ; Szczerba, K. et al. (2011). Optimizing Constellations for Noncoherent Optical Communication Systems. submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Jun. 2011.. Nr. 144658

Kellett, I. (2011). Circuit Theory of Mesoscopic Superconducting Components. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 146283

Khanzadi, M. R. ; Mehrpouyan, H. ; Alpman, E. et al. (2011). On Models, Bounds, and Estimation Algorithms for Time-Varying Phase Noise. 5th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS2011). Nr. 146301

Khanzadi, M. R. ; Haghighi, K. ; Eriksson, T. (2011). Optimal Modulation for Cognitive Transmission over AWGN and Fading Channels. European Wireless 2011. s. 1 - 6 . ISBN/ISSN: 978-3-8007-3343-9 Nr. 136183

Khatab, A. ; Shafi, M. ; Mari, R. H. et al. (2011). Comparative Optical Studies of GaInAs/GaAs Quantum Wells Grown by MBE on Conventional and High Index GaAs Planes. 16th Semiconducting and Insulating Materials Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, June 19-23, 2011. Nr. 152192

Kildal, P-S. ; Zaman, A. U. ; Rajo-Iglesias, E. et al. (2011). Progress report on developing metamaterial EBG-based gap waveguide components and packaging solutions between 1 GHz and several 100 Ghz. URSI National Radio Science Meeting, Spokane, USA, 3-8 July, 2011. Nr. 143616

Kollberg, E. L. ; Yngvesson, S. ; Ren, Y. et al. (2011). Impedance of Hot-Electron Bolometer Mixers at Terahertz Frequencies. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology. 1 (2) s. 383-389. Nr. 146205

Konkoli, Z. (2011). Safe uses of Hill's model: an exact comparison with the Adair model. Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling . 8 (10) Nr. 128880

Konkoli, Z. (2011). Mathematical explanation of the predictive power of the XARNES method. Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling. submitted s. 9. Nr. 147431

Konkoli, Z. (2011). Modelling reaction noise with a desired accuracy by using the X level Approach Reaction Noise Estimator (XARNES) method. Journal of Theoretical Biology. s. submitted. Nr. 146578

Konkoli, Z. (2011). Multiparticle reaction noise characteristics. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 271 (1) s. 78-86 . Nr. 127216

Konkoli, Z. (2011). Spontaneous noise reduction in a strongly cooperative reaction model. Journal of Theoretical Biology, submitted. 285 (1) s. 96-102. Nr. 138100

Korniyenko, Y. (2011). Ballistic Electronic Transport through an Oscillating Barrier in Graphene. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 145974

Kulshreshta, K. (2011). A Fast Wafer-Level Reliability Study of Multi-Time Programmable (MTP) Memory Devices. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 153547

Kögel, B. ; Debernardi, P. ; Westbergh, P. et al. (2011). Singlemode tunable VCSELs with integrated MEMS technology. European Conference on Laser and Electro-Optics (CLEO/Europe). Nr. 151657

Kögel, B. ; Westbergh, P. ; Haglund, Å. et al. (2011). Integrated MEMS-tunable VCSELs with high modulation bandwidth. Electronics Letters. 47 (13) s. 764-756. Nr. 143418

Lai, S-H. ; Kuylenstierna, D. ; Angelov, I. et al. (2011). a varactor model including valanche noise source for VCOs phase noise simulation. 41th European Microwave Conference , Manchester, UK, Oct 10-13, 2011 . ISBN/ISSN: 978-1-61284-235-6 Nr. 150659

Lara-Avila, S. ; Cedergren, K. ; Kubatkin, S. (2011). Engineering and metrology of epitaxial graphene . SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS . 151 (16) s. 1094-1099 . Nr. 145053

Lara-Avila, S. ; Moth-Poulsen, K. ; Yakimova, R. et al. (2011). Non-Volatile Photochemical Gating of an Epitaxial Graphene/Polymer Heterostructure. Advanced Materials. 23 (7) s. 878-+. Nr. 139057

Lara-Avila, S. ; Danilov, A. ; Kubatkin, S. et al. (2011). Light-Triggered Conductance Switching in Single-Molecule Dihydroazulene/Vinylheptafulvene Junctions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C. 115 (37) s. 18372-18377. Nr. 147252

Lara-Avila, S. ; Tzalenchuk, A. ; Kubatkin, S. et al. (2011). Disordered Fermi Liquid in Epitaxial Graphene from Quantum Transport Measurements. Physical Review Letters. 107 (16) Nr. 148691

Larsson, A. (2011). Advances in VCSELs for communication and sensing. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 17 (6) s. 1552-1567. Nr. 151455

Larsson, A. ; Westbergh, P. ; Gustavsson, J. et al. (2011). High speed VCSELs for short reach communication. Semiconductor Science and Technology. 26 (1) s. 014017-1-5. Nr. 129929

Larsson, A. (2011). High speed VCSELs for short reach communication. Proc. International Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop 2011. s. 82-83. Nr. 151469

Lee, K. ; Kelkkanen, A. K. ; Berland, K. et al. (2011). Evaluation of a density functional with account of van der Waals forces using experimental data of H2 physisorption on

Cu(111). Physical Review B. 84 s. 193408. Nr. 148650

Li, D. ; Cui, H. ; Fan, Q. et al. (2011). Study into the application of single-wall carbon nanotubes in isotropic conductive adhesives. Proceedings - 12th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology and High Density Packaging, ICEPT-HDP 2011, Shanghai, 8-11 August 2011. s. 430-435. ISBN/ISSN: 978-145771768-0 Nr. 150809

Li, D. ; Cui, H. ; Chen, S. et al. (2011). A highly conductive bimodal isotropic conductive adhesive and its reliability. ECS Transactions. 34 (1) s. 583 - 588 . Nr. 151692

Liang, H. L. ; Schymura, S. ; Rudquist, P. et al. (2011). Nematic-Smectic Transition under Confinement in Liquid Crystalline Colloidal Shells. Physical Review Letters. 106 (24) Nr. 143003

Liu, J. ; Salmela, O. ; Särkkä, J. et al. (2011). Reliability of Microtechnology – Interconnects, Devices and Systems. USA: Springer publisher. ISBN/ISSN: 978-1-4419-5759-7 Nr. 150941

Lock, J. (2011). Rattlesnake nanoactuator - a precision high speed closed loop linear actuator with capacitive sensor. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 148429

Lombardi, F. (2011). Fabrication of ultra thin anodic aluminium oxide membranes by low anodization voltages. International Conference on Functional Materials and Nanotechnologies, FM and NT 2011; Riga; 5 April 2011 through 8 April 2011. 23 (1) Nr. 146727

Londero, E. ; Schröder, E. (2011). Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5): a van der Waals density functional study. Computer Physics Communications. 182 (9) s. 1805-1809 . Nr. 127266

Lu, G. W. ; Tipsuwannakul, E. ; Miyazaki, T. et al. (2011). Format Conversion of Optical Multilevel Signals Using FWM-Based Optical Phase Erasure. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 29 (16) s. 2460-2466. Nr. 148784

Lu, W. (2011). Inkjet printing for ‘Large Area Printed Organic Light-emitting Diodes’. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 154101

Lundström, C. ; Tong, Z. ; Andrekson, P. (2011). Optical modulation signal enhancement using a phase sensitive amplifier. Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC) 2011, Los Angeles, CA. ISBN/ISSN: 978-145770213-6 Nr. 140644

Lundström, C. ; Corcoran, B. ; Olsson, S. et al. (2011). Short-Pulse Amplification in a Phase-Sensitive Amplifier . Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC) 2012, Los Angeles, CA. (OTh1C.1) Nr. 150432

Lundström, C. ; Tong, Z. ; Karlsson, M. et al. (2011). Phase-to-phase and phase-to-amplitude transfer characteristics of a nondegenerate-idler phase-sensitive amplifier. Optics Letters. 36 (22) s. 4356-4358. Nr. 148673

Lundström, C. ; Corcoran, B. ; Tong, Z. et al. (2011). Phase and Amplitude Transfer Functions of a Saturated Phase-Sensitive Parametric Amplifier. Proc. European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC), Geneva, Switzerland. s. Th.11.LeCervin.4. Nr. 147399

Luo, X. ; Du, W. ; Lu, X. et al. (2011). Characterization of surface oxide of lead-free solder particle by TEM and STEM. ICEP, Japan, Nara 2011 April 13-15. Nr. 151680

Luo, X. ; Du, W. ; Lu, X. et al. (2011). Investigation of accelerated surface oxidation of Sn-3,5Ag-0,5Cu solder particles by TEM and STEM. Proceedings of the IEEE 2011 International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials (APM), Xiamen, China, October 25-28, 2011. s. 73 - 79. Nr. 151741

Malmros, A. ; Blanck, H. ; Rorsman, N. (2011). Electrical properties, microstructure, and thermal stability of Ta-based ohmic contacts annealed at low temperature for GaN HEMTs. Semiconductor Science and Technology. 26 (7) Nr. 140346

Malmros, A. (2011). Ohmic Contacts and Thin Film Resistors for GaN MMIC Technologies. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 138489

Mashad Nemati, H. ; Almgren, B. ; Andersson, C. et al. (2011). Varactor-Based Dynamic Load Modulation of RF PAs. European Microwave Conference, Manchester, Workshop "RF PA Efficiency Enhancement Techniques". Nr. 152775

Mashad Nemati, H. ; Saad, P. ; Fager, C. et al. (2011). High-Efficiency Power Amplifier. Ieee Microwave Magazine. 12 (1) s. 81-84. Nr. 138804

McKinstrie, C. J. ; Alic, N. ; Tong, Z. et al. (2011). Higher-capacity communication links based on two-mode phase-sensitive amplifiers. Optics Express. 19 (13) s. 11977-11991. Nr. 144309

Moschetti, G. ; Grahn, J. (2011). Monte Carlo study of impact ionization and hole transport in InAs HEMTs with isolated gate. Proceedings of the 8th Spanish Conference on Electron Devices, CDE'2011, Palma de Mallorca; 8 February 2011 through 11 February . ISBN/ISSN: 978-142447863-7 Nr. 141917

Moschetti, G. ; Grahn, J. (2011). Monte Carlo study of the dynamic performance of isolated-gate InAs/AlSb HEMTs. Proceedings of the 8th Spanish Conference on Electron Devices, CDE'2011, Palma de Mallorca; 8 February through 11 February. ISBN/ISSN: 978-142447863-7 Nr. 141922

Moschetti, G. ; Wadefalk, N. ; Nilsson, P-Å. et al. (2011). InAs/AlSb HEMTs for cryogenic LNAs at ultra-low power dissipation. Solid-State Electronics. 64 (1) s. 47-53. Nr. 147501

annual report 2011 | publications

Moschetti, G. ; Grahn, J. (2011). Monte Carlo study of the noise performance of isolated-gate InAs HEMTs. 21st International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations, ICNF 2011; Toronto, ON; 12 June 2011 through 16 June 2011. s. 184-187 . ISBN/ISSN: 978-145770192-4 Nr. 147145

Murthy, S. (2011). Optimization and Characterization of Organic and Oxide Transistors. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 148111

Naboka, O. ; Rodriguez, K. ; Toomadj, F. et al. (2011). Nanofibrous Carbon Materials with Controlled Properties Synthesized from Electrospun Cellulose. Novel materials from wood or cellulose, Annual meeting of IAWS, August 31 to September 2, 2011, Stockholm, Sweden. s. 28-29. ISBN/ISSN: 978-91-86018-18-4 Nr. 153600

Nawaz, S. ; Bauch, T. ; Lombardi, F. (2011). Transport Properties of YBCO Nanowires. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 21 (3) s. 164-167. Nr. 142774

Nilsson, B. (2011). Experimental evaluation method of point spread functions used for proximity effects correction in electron beam lithography. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B. 29 (6) Nr. 148237

Omar, O. ; lennerås, M. ; Suska, F. et al. (2011). Interfacial gene expression and stability of oxidized and machined titanium implants.. Biomaterials.. 32 (2) s. 374-386. Nr. 145415

Otsuka, H. ; Oishi, T. ; Yamanaka, K. et al. (2011). Semi-physical nonlinear circuit model with device/physical parameters for HEMTs. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies. 3 (1) s. 25-33. Nr. 143838

Ovsyannikov, G. A. ; Constantinian, K. Y. ; Kislinski, Y. V. et al. (2011). Proximity effect and electron transport in oxide hybrid heterostructures with superconducting/magnetic interfaces. Superconductor Science & Technology. 24 (5) Nr. 140323

Passi, V. ; Bhaskar, U. ; Pardoen, T. et al. (2011). Note: Fast and reliable fracture strain extraction technique applied to silicon at nanometer scale . REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS. 82 (11) s. art. no 116106. Nr. 154152

Peropadre, B. ; Romero, G. ; Johansson, G. et al. (2011). Approaching perfect microwave photodetection in circuit QED. Physical Review A. 84 Nr. 151984

Petrzhik, A. M. ; Ovsyannikov, G. A. ; Shadrin, A. V. et al. (2011). Electron transport in hybrid superconductor heterostructures with manganite interlayers. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics. 112 (6) s. 1042-1050. Nr. 144086

Pettersson, O. (2011). Evaluation of different technologies used for 3D imaging with laser detection and ranging, LADAR. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 154097

Prasongkit, J. ; Grigoriev, A. ; Ahuja, R. et al. (2011). Interference effects in phtalocyanine controlled by H-H tautomerization: Potential two-terminal unimolecular electronic switch. Physical Review B. 84 (16) Nr. 148687

Quaglia, R. ; Andersson, C. ; Fager, C. et al. (2011). A double stub impedance tuner with SiC diode varactors. Asia Pacific Microwave Conference. Nr. 152767

Raeissi, B. ; Piscator, J. ; Chen, Y. Y. et al. (2011). Characterization of Traps in the Transition Region at the HfO2/SiOx Interface by Thermally Stimulated Currents. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 158 (3) s. G63-G70. Nr. 138798

Rahiminejad, S. ; Zaman, A. U. ; Pucci, E. et al. (2011). Micromachined ridge gap waveguide for sub millimeter and millimeter wave applications. MME 2011: 22nd Micromechanics and Micro Systems Europe Workshop, June 19-22, 2011, Toensberg, Norway. Nr. 143608

Rahiminejad, S. ; Zaman, A. U. ; Pucci, E. et al. (2011). Design of Micromachined Ridge Gap Waveguides for Millimeter-Wave Applications. Proc. Eurosensors XXV, September 4-7, 2011, Athens, Greece. Nr. 153727

Rahiminejad, S. (2011). Micromachined ridge gap waveguides. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 153756

Rodilla, H. ; Gonzalez, T. ; Moschetti, G. et al. (2011). Dynamic Monte Carlo study of isolated-gate InAs/AlSb HEMTs. Semiconductor Science and Technology. 26 (2) Nr. 136687

Rohrer, J. ; Hyldgaard, P. (2011). Computational scheme for ab-initio predictions of chemical compositions interfaces realized by deposition growth. Computer Physics Communications. 182 (9) s. 1814-1818. Nr. 143952

Rohrer, J. ; Hyldgaard, P. (2011). Stacking and band structure of van der Waals bonded graphane multilayers. Physical Review B. 83 (16) Nr. 149818

Rubaek, T. ; Dahlbäck, R. ; Fhager, A. et al. (2011). A single-channel THz imaging system for biomedical applications. 30th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, URSIGASS 2011, Istanbul, 13-20 August 2011. ISBN/ISSN: 978-142445117-3 Nr. 151105

Rubaek, T. ; Dahlbäck, R. ; Fhager, A. et al. (2011). A THz imaging system for biomedical applications. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011. Rome, 11-15 April 2011. s. 3755-3758. ISBN/ISSN: 978-888202074-3 Nr. 145813

Rudolph, M. ; Fager, C. ; Root, D. (red.) (2011). Nonlinear Transistor Model Parameter Extraction Techniques. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN/ISSN: 978-0-521-76210-6 Nr. 152757

Saad, P. ; Mashad Nemati, H. ; Andersson, K. et al. (2011). Highly efficient GaN-HEMT power amplifiers at 3.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz. 2011 IEEE 12th Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference, WAMICON 2011. ISBN/ISSN: 978-161284081-9 Nr. 145004

Sanden, M. (2011). Capturing radon on tobacco smoke. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 146547

Saunders, K. ; Rudquist, P. (2011). Surface electroclinic effect near the first-order smectic-A*-smectic-C* transition. Physical Review E. 83 (5) Nr. 141532 Schaller, V. (2011). Magnetic Multicore Nanoparticles: Magnetic Properties and Applications. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Doctoral thesisNr. 153776

Schleeh, J. ; Halonen, J. ; Nilsson, P-Å. et al. (2011). Passivation of InGaAs/InAlAs/InP HEMTs using Al2O3 atomic layer deposition. 2011 Compound Semiconductor Week and 23rd International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials, CSW/IPRM 2011; Berlin; 22 May 2011 through 26 May 2011. s. 4 pages). ISBN/ISSN: 978-145771753-6 Nr. 146881

Schoofs, F. ; Fix, T. ; Kalaboukhov, A. et al. (2011). Optimized transport properties of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerfaces by variation of pulsed laser fluence. Journal of Physics - Condensed Matter. 23 (30) Nr. 144108

Schuermans, S. ; Simoen, M. ; Sandberg, M. et al. (2011). An On-Chip Mach-Zehnder Interferometer in the Microwave Regime. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 21 (3) s. 448-451. Nr. 142775

Sieber, A. ; Krozer, A. ; Enoksson, P. et al. (2011). Electronically validation of galvanic O2 sensors. EUBS 2011, Gdasnk, August 2011. Nr. 153732

Sitek, J. ; Zhang, Y. ; Ma, S. et al. (2011). Comparisons of nano-additives influence on properties of the bi-modal solder pastes for special applications. Proceedings - 12th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology and High Density Packaging, ICEPT-HDP 2011, Shanghai, 8-11 August 2011. s. 183-187. ISBN/ISSN: 978-145771768-0 Nr. 150835

Sjödin, M. ; Johannisson, P. ; Wymeersch, H. et al. (2011). Comparison of polarization-switched QPSK and polarization-multiplexed QPSK at 30 Gbit/s. Optics Express. 19 (8) s. 7839-7846. Nr. 138424

Sjödin, M. ; Agrell, E. ; Johannisson, P. et al. (2011). Filter Optimization for Self-Homodyne Coherent WDM Systems using Interleaved Polarization Division Multiplexing. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 29 (9) s. 1219 - 1226. Nr. 136434

Sjödin, M. ; Wymeersch, H. ; Johannisson, P. et al. (2011). Measurement of the Phase Noise Tracking Capability of a Digital Coherent Receiver. Proceedings of European Conference on Optical Communication, ECOC 2011, Geneva, Switzerland, September 18-22, 2011. Nr. 141448

Sjödin, M. ; Johannisson, P. ; Andrekson, P. et al. (2011). Linear and Nonlinear Crosstalk Tolerance of Polarization-Switched QPSK and Polarization-Multiplexed QPSK. Proceedings of European Conference on Optical Communication, ECOC 2011, Geneva, Switzerland, September 18-22, 2011. Nr. 141449

Sköld, M. ; Sunnerud, H. ; Westlund, M. et al. (2011). Simultaneous waveform and bit-error-rate measurements of 66 GBd PDM-16-QAM signals. 37th European Conference on Optical Communication and Exhibition, ECOC 2011, Geneva, 18 September 2011 through 22 September 2011. ISBN/ISSN: 978-155752931-2 Nr. 150985

Slutskin, A.A.; Bratus', K.N.; Bergvall, A. et al. (2011). Non-Markovian decoherence of a two-level system weakly coupled to a bosonic bath. Europhysics Letters. 96 s. 4003. Nr. 150271

Sobis, P. ; Stake, J. ; Emrich, A. (2011). A 340 GHz 2SB Schottky Receiver for Earth Observation Applications. 22nd International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology. Nr. 141068

Sobis, P. ; Stake, J. ; Emrich, A. (2011). High/low-impedance transmission-line and coupled-line filter networks for differential phase shifters. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation. 5 (4) s. 386–392. Nr. 138404

Sobis, P. (2011). Advanced Schottky Diode Receiver Front-Ends for Terahertz Applications. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Doctoral thesis ISBN/ISSN: 978-91-7385-544-0 Nr. 140576

Sobis, P. ; Emrich, A. ; Stake, J. (2011). A Low VSWR 2SB Schottky Receiver. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology. 1 (2) s. 403-411. Nr. 145374

Sobis, P. ; Stake, J. ; Emrich, A. (2011). A Low VSWR 340 GHz 2SB Schottky Receiver for Earth Observation Applications. 6th ESA Workshop on Millimetre-Wave Technology and Applications. Nr. 141069

Soltani Tehrani, A. ; Eriksson, T. ; Fager, C. (2011). Measurement setup for digital predistortion adaptation. RF Measurement Technology Conference, Gävle 2011. Nr. 146957

Song, Y. ; Wang, S. (2011). Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of InSbxBi1-x. 2nd International Workshop on Bismuth-Containing Semiconductors: Theory, Simulation and Experiment, Guildford, UK. Nr. 152156

Song, Y. ; Wang, S. ; Roy, I. S. (2011). Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of GaSbxBi1-x. 28th North American Molecular Beam Epitaxy Conference (NAMBE2011), San Diego,

annual report 2011 | publications

USA (2011).. Nr. 152154

Song, Y. ; Wang, S. ; Asplund, C. et al. (2011). Growth Optimization for InAs/GaSb T2SL Structures by MBE. 16th European Molecular Beam Epitaxy Workshop (Euro-MBE2011), Alpe d’Huez , France (2011). Nr. 152159

Song, Y. ; Wang, S. ; Xiaohui, C. et al. (2011). Investigation of metamorphic InGaAs quantum wells using N-incorporated buffer on GaAs grown by MBE. Journal of Crystal Growth. 323 (1) s. 21-25. Nr. 143410

Stake, J. ; Zhao, H. ; Sobis, P. et al. (2011). Development of a Compact 557 GHz Heterodyne Receiver. 6th ESA Workshop on Millimetre-Wave Technology and Applications. Nr. 141048

Stake, J. ; Habibpour, O. ; Vukusic, J. et al. (2011). Graphene Millimeter Wave Electronics. 6th ESA Workshop on Millimetre-Wave Technology and Applications and 4th Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves. Nr. 140972

Stattin, M. (2011). Towards Novel AlGaN-Based Light Emitters. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 137210

Stattin, M. ; Berland, K. ; Hyldgaard, P. et al. (2011). Waveguides for nitride based quantum cascade lasers. physica status solidi (c). 8 (7-8) s. 2357–2359. Nr. 152274

Stepantsov, E. A. ; Lombardi, F. ; Winkler, D. (2011). Growth of YBa2Cu3O7 films with 100 tilt of CuO planes to the surface on SrTiO3 crystals. Crystallography Reports. 56 (1) s. 152-156. Nr. 138811

Sun, J. ; Lindvall, N. ; Cole, M. T. et al. (2011). Large-area uniform graphene-like thin films grown by chemical vapor deposition directly on silicon nitride. Applied Physics Letters. 98 (25) Nr. 143442

Sunnerud, H. ; Westlund, M. ; Sköld, M. et al. (2011). Time-resolved error vector magnitude for transmitter mask testing in coherent optical transmission systems. 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, OFC/NFOEC 2011. ISBN/ISSN: 978-145770213-6 Nr. 144911

Svensson, J. ; Lindahl, N. ; Yun, H. et al. (2011). Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors with Suspended Graphene Gates. Nano Letters. 11 (9) s. 3569-3575. Nr. 148095

Szczerba, K. ; Westbergh, P. ; Gustavsson, J. et al. (2011). 30 Gbps 4-PAM transmission over 200m of MMF using an 850 nm VCSEL. 2011 37th European Conference on Optical Comunication. Nr. 141767

Szczerba, K. ; Westbergh, P. ; Karout, J. et al. (2011). 30 Gbps 4-PAM transmission over 200m of MMF using an 850 nm VCSEL. Optics Express. 19 (26) s. B203-B208. Nr. 148392

Szczerba, K. (2011). Advanced modulation formats for short-range optical communications. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 150873

Szczerba, K. ; Karout, J. ; Westbergh, P. et al. (2011). Experimental comparison of modulation formats in IM/DD links. Optics Express. 19 (10) s. 9881-9889. Nr. 139921

Szczerba, K. ; Karout, J. ; Agrell, E. et al. (2011). Demonstration of 8-level subcarrier modulation sensitivity improvement in an IM/DD system. 2011 37th European Conference on Optical Comunication. Nr. 141770

Tan, A. S. ; Wymeersch, H. ; Johannisson, P. et al. (2011). An ML-based Detector for Optical Communication in the Presence of Nonlinear Phase Noise. IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC). ISBN/ISSN: 978-1-61284-233-2 Nr. 139199

Tang, A. Y. ; Stake, J. (2011). Impact of Eddy Currents and Crowding Effects on High Frequency Losses in Planar Schottky Diodes. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 58 (10) s. 3260-3269. Nr. 143349

Tang, A. Y. (2011). Modelling of Terahertz Planar Schottky Diodes. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 148397

Tang, A. Y. ; Schlecht, E. ; Chattopadhyay, G. et al. (2011). Steady-State and Transient Thermal Analysis of High-Power Planar Schottky Diodes. 22nd International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology. Nr. 141051

Tang, X. ; Cui, H. W. ; Lu, X. Z. et al. (2011). Development and characterisation of nanofiber films with high adhesion. Proceedings of the IEEE Electronics Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) 2011, May 31 – June 2011, Florida, US. s. 673 - 677. ISBN/ISSN: 978-1-61284-496-1 Nr. 151739

Tarasov, M. A. ; Kuzmin, L. ; Edelman, V. S. et al. (2011). Optical Response of a Cold-Electron Bolometer Array Integrated in a 345-GHz Cross-Slot Antenna. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 21 (6) s. 3635-3639. Nr. 151752

Tarasov, M. ; Lindvall, N. ; Kuzmin, L. et al. (2011). Family of graphene-based superconducting devices. JETP Letters. 94 (4) s. 329-332. Nr. 148040

Tavakoli Dastjerdi, M. H. ; Sanz-Velasco, A. ; Vukusic, J. et al. (2011). InGaAs/InAlAs/AlAs Heterostructure Barrier Varactors on Silicon Substrate. IEEE Electron Device Letters. 32 (2) s. 140-142. Nr. 129464

Thanh Ngoc, T. D. (2011). S-parameter Characterisation of Sub-Millimetre Membrane Circuits. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 145841

Thoren, C. ; Klemets, L. (2011). Silent Electromechanical Car Sensor. Göteborg:

Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 153774

Thorsell, M. ; Andersson, K. ; Hjelmgren, H. et al. (2011). Electrothermal Access Resistance Model for GaN-Based HEMTs. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 58 (2) s. 466 - 472. Nr. 136504

Thorsell, M. (2011). Nonlinear Characterisation and Modelling of Microwave Semiconductor Devices. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Doctoral thesis ISBN/ISSN: 978-91-7385-579-2 Nr. 146750

Thorsell, M. ; Andersson, K. ; Pailloncy, G. et al. (2011). Using the Best Linear Approximation to Model the Nonlinear Behavior of Supply Modulated Amplifiers. European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference, 2009. s. 1-4. Nr. 148059

Thorsell, M. ; Andersson, K. (2011). Fast Multiharmonic Active Load–Pull System With Waveform Measurement Capabilities. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 60 (1) s. 149 - 157. Nr. 152780

Thorsell, M. ; Andersson, K. ; Pailloncy, G. et al. (2011). Extending the Best Linear Approximation to Characterize the Nonlinear Distortion in GaN HEMTs. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 59 (12) s. 1-8. Nr. 148056

Tipsuwannakul, E. ; Johannisson, P. ; Sköld, M. et al. (2011). Performance Comparison of Differential 8-Ary Modulation Formats in High-Speed Optical Transmission Systems. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 29 (19) s. 2954-2962. Nr. 146728

Tipsuwannakul, E. ; Karlsson, M. ; Agrell, E. et al. (2011). Performance Comparison between 120 Gbit/s RZ-DQP-ASK and RZ-D8PSK over a 480 km Link. Optical fiber communication conference. s. OMI5. Nr. 130941

Tong, Z. ; Lundström, C. ; Andrekson, P. et al. (2011). Ultra-low-noise, Broadband Phase-Sensitive Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics (invited). Nr. 138760

Tong, Z. ; Lundström, C. ; Karlsson, M. et al. (2011). Impact of Zero-Dispersion-Wavelength Distributions on the Noise Figure Nonreciprocity of a Fiber Parametric Amplifier. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 23 (6) s. 365-367. Nr. 138439

Tong, Z. ; Lundström, C. ; Andrekson, P. et al. (2011). Towards the Ultra-Sensitive Optical Link Enabled by Low Noise Phase-Sensitive Amplifiers. Nature Photonics. 5 (7) s. 430-436. Nr. 138761

Tong, Z. ; Lundström, C. ; Karlsson, M. et al. (2011). Noise performance of a frequency nondegenerate phase-sensitive amplifier with unequalized inputs. Optics Letters. 36 (5) s. 722-724. Nr. 138482

Toomadj, F. (2011). Modification of nanocellulose by double-walled carbon nanotubes and graphite carbon nanopowder for sensor applications. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 150523

Toomadj, F. ; Farjana, S. ; Sanz-Velasco, A. et al. (2011). Strain Sensitivity of Carbon Nanotubes Modified Cellulose. procedia engineering. 25 s. 1353-1356. Nr. 153593

Toomadj, F. ; Farjana, S. ; Sanz-Velasco, A. et al. (2011). Sensing application of nanocellulose modified with double-walled carbon nanotube and graphitized carbon nanopowder. Proceedings of the 22n Micromechanics and Microsystems Technology Europe Workshop, 19-22 June 2011, Tönsberg, Norway. s. B33. ISBN/ISSN: 978-82-7860-224-9 Nr. 153606

Varenius, E. (2011). Hydrogen adsorption on graphene and coronene: A van der Waals density functional study. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 152983

Velessiotis, D. ; Douvas, A. M. ; Athanasiou, S. et al. (2011). Molecular junctions made of tungsten-polyoxometalate self-assembled monolayers: Towards polyoxometalate-based molecular electronics devices. Microelectronic Engineering. 88 (8) s. 2775-2777. Nr. 147181

Vorobiev, A. ; Gevorgian, S. ; Löffler, M. et al. (2011). Correlations between microstructure and Q-factor of tunable thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators. Journal of Applied Physics. 110 (5) Nr. 147307

Vorobiev, A. ; Gevorgian, S. (2011). Microwave losses in ferroelectric varactors. European Meeting on Ferroelectricity, Bordeaux, June 26 – July 2, 2011. Nr. 153334

Vorobiev, A. ; Ahmed, T. ; Gevorgian, S. (2011). Microwave response of BiFeO3 films in parallel-plate capacitors. International Symposium on Integrated Functionalities, July 31-August 4, 2011, Cambridge, England. Nr. 153350

Vorobiev, A. ; Berge, J. ; Gevorgian, S. et al. (2011). Effect of interface roughness on acoustic loss in tunable thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators. Journal of Applied Physics. 110 (2) Nr. 147184

Vorobiev, A. ; Gevorgian, S. ; Löffler, M. et al. (2011). High Q-factor Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators: growth conditions and correlations with microstructure. International Symposium on Integrated Functionalities, July 31-August 4, 2011, Cambridge, England. Nr. 153357

W, J. ; Zaremba, G. ; Engström, O. et al. (2011). Electron eigenstates in quantum dots revealed by temperature derivative capacitance spectroscopy. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 11 s. 1. Nr. 143697

Wang, D. ; He, J. ; Wang, X. et al. (2011). Experimental investigation of gas flow in copper channel carbon nanotubes coated micro coolers. Proceedings - 12th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology and High Density

annual report 2011 | publications

Packaging, ICEPT-HDP 2011, Shanghai, 8-11 August 2011. s. 560-563. ISBN/ISSN: 978-145771768-0 Nr. 150841

Wang, S. ; Adolfsson, G. ; Zhao, H. et al. (2011). Growth of dilute nitrides and 1.3 µm edge emitting lasers on GaAs by MBE. Physica Status Solidi B - Basic Solid State Physics. 248 (5) s. 1207-1211. Nr. 140750

Wang, S. ; Song, Y. ; Roy, I. S. (2011). Bismuth incorporation and lattice contraction in GaSbBi and InSbBi. 13th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, ICTON 2011, Stockholm, 26-30 June 2011. ISBN/ISSN: 978-145770880-0 Nr. 149579

Wang, T. (2011). Integration of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes into microsystems: a packaging perspective. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Doctoral thesis ISBN/ISSN: 978-91-7385-599-0 Nr. 148488

Wang, T. ; Nabiollahi, N. ; Jeppson, K. et al. (2011). Benchmarking assembly materials for vertically aligned carbon nanotubes into microsystems. CD Proceedings of the Annual World Conference on Carbon, ECUST, Shanghai, China, July 25-29, 2011, Paper no: 740. Nr. 151738

Wang, T. ; Jeppson, K. ; Ye, L. L. et al. (2011). Carbon-Nanotube Through-Silicon Via Interconnects for Three-Dimensional Integration. Small. 7 (16) s. 2313-2317. Nr. 148781

Wennerdal, N. (2011). Parallel Computations of Vortex Core Structures in Superconductors. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 146286

Westbergh, P. ; Gustavsson, J. ; Kögel, B. et al. (2011). Higher speed VCSELs by photon lifetime reduction. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XV; San Francisco, CA; 26-27 January 2011. 7952 ISBN/ISSN: 978-081948489-5 Nr. 141420

Westbergh, P. ; Haglund, E. ; Gustavsson, J. et al. (2011). High speed VCSELs for short reach communication. European Semiconductor Laser Worshop 2011. Nr. 151205

Westbergh, P. (2011). High Speed Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers for Short Reach Communication. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Doctoral thesis ISBN/ISSN: 978-91-7385-527-3 Nr. 139607

Westbergh, P. ; Gustavsson, J. ; Kögel, B. et al. (2011). Impact of Photon Lifetime on High-Speed VCSEL Performance. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 17 (6) s. 1603-1613. Nr. 151475

Wilson, C. (2011). Ultralow-power spectroscopy of a rare-earth spin ensemble using a superconducting resonator . Physical Review B. 84 (6) Nr. 145052

Wilson, C. ; Johansson, G. ; Pourkabirian, A. et al. (2011). Observation of the dynamical Casimir effect in a superconducting circuit. Nature. 479 (7373) s. 376-9. Nr. 148741

Wyrick, J. ; Kim, D. H. ; Sun, D. Z. et al. (2011). Do Two-Dimensional "Noble Gas Atoms" Produce Molecular Honeycombs at a Metal Surface?. Nano Letters. 11 (7) s. 2944-2948. Nr. 144307

Yan, Y. ; Karandikar, Y. B. ; Gunnarsson, S. E. et al. (2011). 24 GHz balanced self-oscillating mixer with integrated patch antenna array. 2011 European Microwave Conference (EuMC). Nr. 147744

Yan, Y. ; Karandikar, Y. B. ; Gunnarsson, S. E. et al. (2011). Monolithically Integrated 200-GHz Double-Slot Antenna and Resistive Mixers in a GaAs-mHEMT MMIC Process. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 59 (10) s. 2494-2503. Nr. 146270

Yang, J. ; Pantaleev, M. ; Kildal, P-S. et al. (2011). Cryogenic 2-13 GHz Eleven feed for reflector antennas in future wideband radio telescopes. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 59 (6) s. 1918-1934. Nr. 141654

Ye, H. (2011). Electrical Characterization of GaN:Si and AlGaN:Si. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 154356

Yurgens, A. ; Bulaevskii, L. N. (2011). Temperature distribution in a stack of intrinsic Josephson junctions with their CuO-plane electrodes oriented perpendicular to supporting substrate. Superconductor Science and Technology. 24 (1) s. 015003. Nr. 130066

Yurgens, A. (2011). Temperature distribution in a large Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+‐ mesa. Physical Review B. 83 (18) Nr. 141388

Zaman, A. U. ; Vassilev, V. ; Kildal, P-S. et al. (2011). Increasing parallel plate stop-band in gap waveguides using inverted pyramid-shaped nails for slot array application above 60GHz. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011. Rome, 11-15 April 2011. s. 2254-2257. ISBN/ISSN: 978-888202074-3 Nr. 141294

Zandén, C. ; Wang, T. ; Agheli, H. et al. (2011). Surface properties of electrospun polyurethane-based elastomer networks for biomedical applications. Poster at the Hybrid Materials Conference, Paris, March 7-9, 2011. Nr. 151685

Zeng, X. ; Fhager, A. ; Persson, M. et al. (2011). Accuracy Evaluation of Ultrawideband Time Domain Systems for Microwave Imaging. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 59 (11) s. 4279-4285. Nr. 148116

Zeng, X. ; Fhager, A. ; Linnér, P. et al. (2011). Experimental Investigation of the Accuracy of an Ultrawideband Time-Domain Microwave-Tomographic System. IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement. 60 (12) Nr. 148117

Zeng, X. ; Fhager, A. ; Linnér, P. et al. (2011). Accuracy investigation of an ultra-wideband time domain microwave imaging system. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011. Rome, 11-15 April 2011. s. 1928-1932. ISBN/ISSN: 978-888202074-3 Nr. 145939

Zhang, J. ; Bao, M. Q. ; Kuylenstierna, D. et al. (2011). Broadband Gm-Boosted Differential HBT Doublers With Transformer Balun. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 59 (11) s. 2953-2960. Nr. 150231

Zhang, L. ; Lu, X. ; Luo, X. et al. (2011). Study on the adhesion strength of new nano-structured polymer-metal composite for thermal interface material (Nano-TIM) under different pressures. Proceedings - 12th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology and High Density Packaging, ICEPT-HDP 2011, Shanghai, 8-11 August 2011. s. 426-429. ISBN/ISSN: 978-145771768-0 Nr. 150830

Zhang, L. ; Luo, X. ; Lu, X. et al. (2011). Study on the reliability of nano-structured polymer-metal composite for thermal interface material. ECS Transactions. 34 (1) s. 991- 995. Nr. 151700

Zhang, X. ; Yan, X. ; Liu, J. et al. (2011). Printed monopole antenna with extremely wide bandwidth on liquid crystal polymer substrates. Proceedings - 12th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology and High Density Packaging, ICEPT-HDP 2011, Shanghai, 8-11 August 2011. s. 1157-1159. ISBN/ISSN: 978-145771768-0 Nr. 150813

Zhang, Y. ; Fan, J. Y. ; Yue, C. et al. (2011). Study on the bimodal filler influence on the effective thermal conductivity of thermal conductive adhesive. Microsystem Technologies-Micro-and Nanosystems-Information Storage and Processing Systems. 17 (1) s. 93-99. Nr. 137515

Zhang, Y. ; Hu, Z. ; Ye, L. et al. (2011). Molecular dynamics simulation for the bonding energy of metal-SWNT interface. Proceedings - 12th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology and High Density Packaging, ICEPT-HDP 2011, Shanghai, 8-11 August 2011. s. 506-509. ISBN/ISSN: 978-145771768-0 Nr. 150816

Zhang, Y. ; Liu, Y. ; Fan, J-y. et al. (2011). Numerical investigation on thermal properties of micro-pin-fin cooler. Journal of Shanghai Univ (English Ed). 15 (4) s. 273 - 278. Nr. 151679

Zhang, Y. ; Wang, S. ; Ma, S. et al. (2011). Numerical study of the interface heat transfer characteristics of micro-cooler with CNT structures. CD proceedings of IMAPS Poland 2011. Nr. 151742

Zhang, Y. ; Wang, S. ; Hu, Z. et al. (2011). Numerical study of thermal transfer between adhesive and CNTs. Proceedings of the International Conference on Electronics Packaging (ICEP), Japan, Nara 2011 April 13-15. s. 133 - 137. Nr. 151736

Zhao, C. (2011). Modelling and characterisation of a broadband 85/170 GHz Schottky varactor frequency doubler. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Nr. 137582

Zhao, H. ; Tang, A. Y. ; Sobis, P. et al. (2011). Submillimeter Wave S-Parameter Characterization of Integrated Membrane Circuits. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters. 21 (2) s. 110-112. Nr. 136673

Zhao, H. ; Moschetti, G. ; Wang, S. et al. (2011). Optimization of MBE-grown AlSb/InAs High Electron Mobility Transistor Structures . 16th European MBE conference, France. s. 133-134. Nr. 138545

Zhao, H. ; Thanh Ngoc, T. D. ; Sobis, P. et al. (2011). Characterization of thin film resistors and capacitors integrated on GaAs membranes for submillimeter wave circuit applications. 23rd International conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials - IPRM 2011. s. 161-164. ISBN/ISSN: 978-3-8007-3356-9 Nr. 141231

Zirath, H. ; Gavell, M. ; He, Z. (2011). An NLOS-capable 60 GHz MIMO demonstrator: System concept & performance. 2011 IEEE 9th International New Circuits and Systems Conference, NEWCAS 2011; Bordeaux; 26 June 2011 through 29 June 2011. s. 265-268 . ISBN/ISSN: 978-161284135-9 Nr. 146886

Zirath, H. ; Lai, S-H. ; Kuylenstierna, D. et al. (2011). An X-band low phase noise AlGaN-GaN-HEMT MMIC push-push oscillator. 33rd IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium: Integrated Circuits in GaAs, InP, SiGe, GaN and Other Compound Semiconductors, CSICS 2011, Waikoloa, 16-19 October 2011. ISBN/ISSN: 978-161284712-2 Nr. 150655

Zong, L. (2011). Superconducting CPW resonators for measurements on molecular spins. Nr. 153367

Öisjöen, F. (2011). High-Tc SQUIDs for biomedical applications: immunoassays, MEG, and ULF-MRI. Göteborg: Chalmers University of Technology. Doctoral thesis ISBN/ISSN: 978-91-7385-619-5 Nr. 148623

Özen, M. ; Andersson, C. ; Thorsell, M. et al. (2011). High efficiency RF pulse width modulation with tunable load network class-E PA. 2011 IEEE 12th Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference, WAMICON 2011. ISBN/ISSN: 978-161284081-9 Nr. 145073

Özen, M. ; Jos, R. ; Andersson, C. et al. (2011). High-Efficiency RF Pulsewidth Modulation of Class-E Power Amplifiers. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 59 (11) s. 2931-2942. Nr. 150226

annual report 2011 | publications

Doctoral thesisDilute Nitride Lasers and Spectrally Engineered Semiconductor Laser ResonatorsAdolfsson, Göran

High Speed Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers for Short Reach CommunicationWestbergh, Petter

Advanced Schottky Diode Receiver Front-Ends for Terahertz ApplicationsSobis, Peter

Integration of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes into microsystems: a packaging perspectiveWang, Teng

Synthesis and characterization of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers for nanoscale devices Alavian Ghavanini, Farzan

Nonlinear Characterisation and Modelling of Microwave Semiconductor DevicesThorsell, Mattias

From Noise-Shaped Coding to Energy Efficiency - One bit at the timeGustavsson, Ulf

High-Tc SQUIDs for biomedical applications: immunoassays, MEG, and ULF-MRIÖisjöen, Fredrik

Linearization of High Efficiency Transmitters for Wireless CommunicationsCao, Haiying

Magnetic Multicore Nanoparticles: Magnetic Properties and ApplicationsSchaller, Vincent

Synthesis and characterization of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers for nanoscale devicesAlavian Ghavanini, Farzan

Licentiate thesisStrong Interaction Between a Single Artificial Atom and Propagating Microwave PhotonsHoi, Io-Chun

Towards Novel AlGaN-Based Light EmittersStattin, Martin

Ohmic Contacts and Thin Film Resistors for GaN MMIC TechnologiesMalmros, Anna

Modelling of Terahertz Planar Schottky DiodesTang, Aik Yean

Hardware Solutions for High Data Rate ModemsHe, Zhongxia

Advanced modulation formats for short-range optical communicationsSzczerba, Krzysztof

Fabrication, Characterisation and Modelling of Subharmonic Graphene FET MixersHabibpour, Omid

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Theses

AdministrationAndersson CristinaAndersson JanCaesar ChristinaCollin IngridForssen CatharinaGlimstedt PeterKjell KarinOlausson AndersPerlheden DeboraTremblay MariaTräff JeanetteWinkler Dag

Applied Quantum PhysicsBergvall Anders Fogelström Mikael Frisk Kockum Anton Johansson Göran Kadygrob Dmytro Kellett Ian Korniyenko Yevgeniy Leppäkangas Juha Lindkvist Joel Löfwander Tomas Persson Daniel Shumeiko Vitaly Stenberg Markku Wustmann Waltraut Wennerdal Niclas

Bionano SystemsAlavian Ghavanini FarzanBengtsson StefanBerland KristianCarlberg BjörnChen SiEnoksson PeterFu YifengHu ZhiliHyldgaard PerJeppson KjellJiang DiKonkoli ZoranLiu JohanLundgren PerLuo XinMurugesan MuraliNaboka OlgaNafari AlexandraOlesen PederRohrer JochenRudquist PerSanz-Velasco AnkeSchaller VincentWang TengWendin GöranVoinova MarinaZandén Carl

Microwave ElectronicsAbbasi MortezaAndersson ChristerAndersson ErikAndersson Kristoffer

Andersson ThorvaldAngelov IlchoAxelsson OlleCao HaiyingCarlsson StefanChehrenegar PiroozEjebjörk NiclasEriksson KlasFager ChristianFagerlind MartinFarivar RashidFelbinger JonathanFerndahl MattiasGavell MarcusGrahn JanGunnarsson StenGustafsson DavidHansson BertilHe ZhongxiaHjelmgren HansKarandikar YogeshKhanzadi Mohammad RezaKozhuharov RumenKuylenstierna DanLinner PeterMalmros AnnaMashad Nemati HosseinMoschetti GiuseppeNilsson Per-ÅkeRodilla HelenaRorsman NiklasRudner StaffanSaad PaulSchleeh JoelSilva Barrera OliverSpiegel JudithStarski PiotrSzhau LaiThanh Thi Ngoc DoThorsell MattiasWadefalk NiklasVassilev VessenWestlund AndreasVickes Hans-OlofWinters MichaelYan YuZirath HerbertÖzen Mustafa

NanofabricationAlestig GöranAndersson ChristerAndersson Johan KarlAnkarstrand PerArthursson ÖrjanDelmefors TomFrederiksen HenrikHagberg MatsHalonen JohnHedsten KarinJedrasik PiotrJohansson FredrikKihlman Carl-MagnusLai ZongheMatikainen Kaija

Modh PeterNilsson BengtPersson JohanPetersson GöranPålsson SvanteReivall GöranSadeghi MahdadSidenberg Lars-ÅkeSödervall Ulf

PhotonicsAdolfsson Göran Adolph David Andrekson Peter Bengtsson Jörgen Borgentun Carl Corcoran Bill Ebenhag Sven-Christian Eriksson Tobias Galt Sheila Gustavsson Johan Haglund Erik Haglund Åsa Ive Tommy Johannisson Pontus Karlsson Magnus Kögel Benjamin Larsson Anders Li Jianqiang Lundström Carl Olsson Samuel Safaisini Rashid Sjödin Martin Song Yuxin Stattin Martin Szczerba Krzysztof Tipsuwannakul Ekawit Tong Zhi Wang Shumin Westbergh Petter Westlund Mathias Zakrisson Daniel

Quantum Device PhysicsAbay SimonAdamyan AstghikArpaia RiccardoArzeo MarcoAurino Pier PaoloBauch ThiloBridges FrankCedergren KarinChukharkin Leonidovich MaximClaeson TordDanilov AndreyDankert AndréDash Saroj Prasadde Graaf SebastianDelsing PerEkström MariaGustafsson DavidGustafsson DavidGustafsson MartinHoi Io ChunJacobsson Jan Nils-Olof

Jönsson LarsJönsson MagnusKalaboukhov AlexeiKervennic Yann-VaiKintas SeckinKrantz PhilipKrantz PhilipKubatkin SergeyKuzmin LeonidLara Avila SamuelLarsson PeterLartsev ArseniyLindvall NiclasLindvall NiclasLombardi FlorianaLondero ElisaMahashabde SumedhMyrin AndreasNawaz ShahidOtto ErnstPehrson Staffan ErlandPierre MathieuPourkabirian ArsalanSchröder ElsebethSimoen Michael Roger AndrStaudt MatthiasSun JieSundqvist KyleSyrenova SvetlanaWilson ChristopherWu FanYager ThomasYurgens AvgustYurievna Herr AnnaÖfverholm JoakimÖisjöen Fredrik

Terahertz and Millimetre WaveAhmed TaimurAndersson MichaelBerge JohnBevilacqua StellaBryllert TomasCherednichenko SergueiDahlbäck RobinDrakinskiy VladimirEngström OlofEngvall ErikGevorgian SpartakHabibpour OmidHammar ArvidHanning JohannaKollberg ErikKula SebastianMalko AleksandraStake JanTang Aik YeanThanh Thi Ngoc DoVorobiev AndreiVukusic JosipZhao Huan

Personnelannual report 2011 | meet our people

Dag WinklerHead of MC2dag.winkler@chalmers.se

Ingrid CollinHead of administration and financesingrid.collin@chalmers.se

Christina CaesarCommunications Officerchristina.caesar@chalmers.se

Sheila GaltUndergraduate Educationsheila.galt@chalmers.se

Mikael FogelströmGraduate Educationmikael.fogelstrom@chalmers.se

Cristina AnderssonIndustrial relationscristina.andersson@ chalmers.se

Thomas SwahnMyfabthomas.swahn@cit.chalmers.se

41

Contactannual report 2011 | contact us

Chalmers University of Technology Microtechnology and Nanoscience - MC2Postal address: 41296 Göteborg, Sweden

Visiting address: Kemivägen 9, Göteborg, Swedenwww.chalmers.se/mc2

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