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Animal Tissues & Organ Systems

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Tissues Remember our levels of organization/complexity! Atom Molecule Cell Tissue Organ Organ System CytologyStudy of cells HistologyStudy of tissues

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Tissues Tissue A group of similar cells united to perform a specific function. Groups of cells having a similar structure and function

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Germ Layers Ectoderm epidermis, nervous system Endodermlinings of digestive & respiratory tracts, & associated organs Mesoderm Skeletal, muscular, circulatory systems

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Tissue Types Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous

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Epithelial Tissues Line body cavities Line body tubes Form body coverings Form many glands

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Epithelial Tissues Characteristics Closely packed Tightly connected Polarity Apical surface Basal Surface Avascular Innervated High regeneration

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Epithelial Tissues Classification Layers Simple Stratified Pseudostratified Shape Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Transitional

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Epithelial Tissues Simple Squamous Diffusion & filtration Kidneys, air sacs, capillaries Simple Cuboidal Secrete & absorb Kidneys, glands, ovaries

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Epithelial Tissues Simple Columnar Absorption, secrete mucus & enzymes Cilia on some for propulsion Digestive tract (non-ciliated), bronchi & uterus (ciliated) Pseudostratified Columnar Secretion, ciliated propulsion Respiratory tract, male reproductive

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Epithelial Tissues Stratified Squamous Protection from abrasion Mouth, vagina, skin

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Connective Tissues Most abundant Most diverse Extracellular matrixnonliving substance separating living cells

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Connective Tissues Loose connective tissue (fibroblasts) Dense connective tissue (fibroblasts) Cartilage (chondrocytes) Bone (osteocytes) Blood (hematopoetic stem cells)

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Connective Tissues Loose Areolar Connect skin to tissues Superficial coverings of some organs Adipose Energy storage Cushioning Insulation

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Connective Tissues Dense Irregularloosely packed Dermis Around blood vessels Part of intestines Regulardensely packed Tendons Ligaments

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Connective Tissues Cartilage Hyaline Ends of bone Ribs to sternum Elastic External ear Epiglottis

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Connective Tissues Bone 30% collagen fibers 70% mineral salts Support & protection

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Connective Tissues Blood 55% plasma Water, proteins, other 45% cells Erythrocytesred blood cells Oxygen transport Leukocyteswhite blood cells Fight infection Clean up debris Thrombocytesplatelets clotting

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Muscle Tissues Movement Highly vascularized Actin & myosin microfilaments

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Muscle Tissues Skeletal muscle Multi-nucleated Long, parallel fibers Striations Voluntary contractions

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Muscle Tissues Cardiac muscle Only in the heart Branched fibers Striations Intercalated discs Involuntary

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Muscle Tissues Smooth muscle Spindle-shaped fibers No striations Involuntary Blood vessels Walls of hollow organs Gastrointestinal tract

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Nervous Tissues Central nervous system Brain & spinal cord Peripheral nervous system Fewest cell types Detects, interprets, transmits, responds to stimuli Coordinates, regulates, integrates body activities

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Nervous Tissues Neurons Dentrites Axons

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Nervous Tissues Neuroglial cells Support & nourish

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Tissues to Organs Skin EpithelialStratified squamous, simple cuboidal ConnectiveAdipose, areolar, dense irregular, blood MuscleSmooth (arrector pili, blood vessels) Nervous

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Organ Systems

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