Animal Classification and

Simple Animals

Traits of Animals: What makes them different from

other living things?

1. Animals are CONSUMERS2. Animals can MOVE3. Animals have MORE THAN ONE CELL4. Animals have SYMMETRY

Animal Classification• Animals are classified as either vertebrates or

invertebrates.

- Vertebrates have a back boneexamples: people, mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, and amphibians

- Invertebrates do not have a back boneexamples: spiders, insects, worms, shellfish, sponges, and many others

Animal Classification

Animals are classified by their symmetry

• The three types of Symmetry are:- No Symmetry- Radial Symmetry- Bilateral Symmetry

Animal Symmetry- No Symmetry occurs only in the most

simple animals like sponges.

Animal Symmetry• Radial Symmetry

- Occurs in invertebrates- Body parts are arranged in a circle around a center

point. examples: Sea anemones, star fish, and some worms have radial symmetry.

Animal Symmetry• Bilateral Symmetry

- The body can be divided lengthwise into two equal sides, a right and a left side.

- Occurs in vertebrates and invertebrates as well.examples: humans, insects, shellfish, flat worms,

Symmetry!

Can you Guess Which type of Symmetry is present on each

Animal?

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

#6

#7

#8

#9

#10

#11

#12

#13

#14

#15

9 Major Phyla of Animals• There are 9 phyla of animals1. Porifera (sponges)

2. Cnidaria (hydras, jellyfish, sea anemones and corals)

3. Platyhelminthes (flat worms)

4. Nematoda (round worms)

5. Annelida (segmented worms)

6. Mollusca (shellfish)

7. Arthropoda (jointed foot and exoskeliton)

8. Echinodermata (spiny skin like star fish, sea urchin, etc)

9. Chordata (having a “chord”, tunicates and all vertebrates)

Kingdom

Phylum

C

O

F

G

S

9 phyla of Animals

Porifera

CnidariaPlatyhelminthes

Nematoda

Mollusca

Annelida

Arthropoda

Echinodermata

Chordata

Phylum Porifera: The Sponges!• Sponges are the most simple invertebrates.• We use their skeletons to wash our cars and bodies• Sponges live attached to rocks in fresh or salt water• Their many pores allow water to flow through their

body which then traps nutrients for the sponge to eat.

Phylum Porifera: The Sponges!Sponges are made from 3 cell types:

1. Food trapping cells (they have a flagella to move water through the sponge’s body)

2. Protecting cells (make up the outer cover of the sponge)

3. Skeleton making cells (they produce the skeleton and help with food transport and reproduction)

Food trapping cells

Skeleton Making

Cells

Protecting Cells

Skeleton

Pores

Pores

Sponge Reproduction1. Sponges can reproduce asexually (budding off a clone,

regenerating from a broken off part, or producing a portable bud called a gemmule).

2. Sponges can also reproduce sexually (producing spermand eggs)

gemmulefragmentbudding

Fertilized sponge particles

Phylum Cnidaria: Hydras, Jellyfish, Sea Anemones & Corals!

• Cnidaria are often thought of as “stinging cell” animals • They have radial symmetry• They reproduce sexually by releasing eggs and sperm into the water• Cnidaria can also reproduce asexually by forming buds that break

off and become a separate animal. • They live in salt water and fresh water

Phylum Cnidaria: Simple Anatomy

• Cnidaria have one opening (mouth) where food goes in, and waste goes out.

• Many Cnidaria have tentacles that surround their mouth.

• These tentacles can have thousands of stinging cells on their surface.

• They catch prey and guide prey into their mouths with their tentacles

• They have a hollow body cavity where they digest their food

Mouth/Anus

Outer Cell Layer

Body Cavity

Tentacle

Inner Cell Layer

Jelly-like Layer

Phylum Platyhelminthes : Flat Worms• Flatworms are the simplest of the worms• They have a flat body and three layers of cells• Most flat worms are parasites• They have one opening that is used as a mouth & an anus• They have bilateral symmetry• They have crude organ systems like a nervous system,

digestive system, and reproductive system• Some examples include:

Tape Worms, Planaria, Flukes, and Polycladidas

Guess Which Type of Animal:

• Sponge• Platyhelminthes• Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

Cnidaria

Sponge

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

Cnidaria

Sponge

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

Sponge

Platyhelminthes

Cnidaria

Sponge

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

Platyhelminthes

• End of Animal Kingdome Notes Part 1