animal kingdom. animals are either invertebrates (no bones) or vertebrates (have bones)
TRANSCRIPT
Kingdom: AnimaliaKingdom: Animalia
What do animals have in common?What do animals have in common?
They are multicellularThey are multicellular
They are eukaryotesThey are eukaryotes
They have no cell wallsThey have no cell walls
and………………….. and…………………..
We informally divide the animal We informally divide the animal kingdom into 2 groups: kingdom into 2 groups:
Invertebrates and VertebratesInvertebrates and Vertebrates The animal kingdom is The animal kingdom is officially divided into 9 officially divided into 9
major groups called major groups called phyla.phyla.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Invertebrates
9
Vertebrates
Let’s take a look at the major Let’s take a look at the major Animal Phyla….Animal Phyla….
starting with the simplest to starting with the simplest to the most complex.the most complex.
Which animal is the most Which animal is the most
complex? complex?
The HumanThe Human
9 Animal Phyla9 Animal Phyla(from simplest to most (from simplest to most
complex)complex)1.1. PoriferaPorifera- sponges- sponges
2.2. CnidariaCnidaria- jellyfish, - jellyfish, etcetc
3.3. PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes- - flatwormsflatworms
4.4. NematodaNematoda- - roundwormsroundworms
5.5. AnnelidaAnnelida- - segmented wormssegmented worms
6.6. MolluscaMollusca- clams, - clams, snails etc.snails etc.
7.7. ArthropodaArthropoda- - jointed legged jointed legged buggy thingsbuggy things
8.8. EchinodermataEchinodermata- - spiny skinned spiny skinned ocean thingsocean things
9.9. ChordataChordata- animals - animals with boneswith bones
Phylum: Phylum: Porifera(Sponges)Porifera(Sponges)
All are aquaticAll are aquatic Many cells that live together, few Many cells that live together, few
specialized cellsspecialized cells Sessile Sessile (Doesn’t move, usually (Doesn’t move, usually
attached to one surface)attached to one surface) They have many openings in their They have many openings in their bodies called poresbodies called pores
Sponges set up Sponges set up water currents to water currents to get food and get food and oxygen into their oxygen into their pores. and then pores. and then to remove to remove wastes.wastes.
They reproduceThey reproduce sexually by sexually by
exchanging exchanging sperm and egg sperm and egg by water currentsby water currentsfilter feedersfilter feeders -animals that eat -animals that eat tiny organic particles from the tiny organic particles from the waterwater
Phylum: CnidarianPhylum: Cnidarian Hollow body with stinging Hollow body with stinging
tentaclestentacles- arm-like - arm-like extensions with poison extensions with poison barbs.barbs.
Live in water (marine-Live in water (marine-mostly ocean)mostly ocean)
Hydra (with a bud)Hydra (with a bud)
All cnidarians All cnidarians have stinginghave stinging tentacles tentacles with stinging with stinging cells called cells called nematocyctsnematocycts
JellyfishJellyfishJellyfish normally float Jellyfish normally float
with ocean currents, with ocean currents, but can for short but can for short periods of periods of
time move by time move by
jet jet propulsion.propulsion.
Coral,Coral, which have created which have created coral reefs over thousands of coral reefs over thousands of
yearsyears
Coral are critically endangered because of Coral are critically endangered because of human interference and global warming!human interference and global warming!
Cnidarian Body PlansCnidarian Body PlansPolyp- sessile stage in which the tentacles are arm-like
Medusa-motile stagewith a bell-shaped body
We informally divide the animal We informally divide the animal kingdom into 2 groups: kingdom into 2 groups:
Invertebrates and VertebratesInvertebrates and Vertebrates The animal kingdom is The animal kingdom is officially divided into 9 officially divided into 9
major groups called major groups called phyla.phyla.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Invertebrates
9
Vertebrates
phylum: phylum: Platyhelminthes(Flatworms)Platyhelminthes(Flatworms)
They have soft, flattened bodiesThey have soft, flattened bodies Most are parasitic, but a few are Most are parasitic, but a few are
free-livingfree-living
Parasite- lives in or on another organism and hurts it
An example of a parasitic An example of a parasitic flatworm is a flatworm is a tapewormtapeworm
These worms attach to someone’s These worms attach to someone’s intestines and absorb their digested intestines and absorb their digested foodfood
FlukesFlukes are parasitic worms that are parasitic worms that can infect an animal’s blood or can infect an animal’s blood or
any of any of its internal organs. its internal organs.
A A planariaplanaria is free-living and is is free-living and is found in streams, eating other found in streams, eating other
animals. animals.
Planaria can reproduce asexually by a process calledfission.
phylum: phylum: NematodaNematoda
RoundwormsRoundworms unsegmented with 2 body unsegmented with 2 body
openings: a mouth and an openings: a mouth and an anusanus
Many are free-living but some Many are free-living but some are parasitesare parasites
phylum: phylum: AnnelidaAnnelida These are the segmented wormsThese are the segmented worms Annelida means “little ring”Annelida means “little ring” They have complex body parts, like They have complex body parts, like
blood vessels, nerves, excretory blood vessels, nerves, excretory organs and respiratory organs. organs and respiratory organs.
Most are Most are hermaphroditeshermaphrodites which which means that they have both male and means that they have both male and female reproductive organs in the female reproductive organs in the same worm.same worm.
Some are free-living like the Some are free-living like the earthwormearthworm
Earthworm’s Earthworm’s matingmating
Some are parasitic like the Some are parasitic like the leechleech
Notice the “rings” or Notice the “rings” or segmentssegments
We informally divide the animal We informally divide the animal kingdom into 2 groups: kingdom into 2 groups:
Invertebrates and VertebratesInvertebrates and Vertebrates The animal kingdom is The animal kingdom is officially divided into 9 officially divided into 9
major groups called major groups called phyla.phyla.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Invertebrates
9
Vertebrates
phylum: phylum: MolluscaMollusca Soft body, some with shell.Soft body, some with shell. FootFoot- muscle used for movement - muscle used for movement
and feeding.and feeding. MantleMantle- tissue that secretes shell - tissue that secretes shell
or covers body organs.or covers body organs. Most live in water.Most live in water. 3 Groups...3 Groups...
BivalvesBivalves- use muscular foot to - use muscular foot to dig and pull through sanddig and pull through sand Some “swim” Some “swim” They have 2 shells They have 2 shells
Examples: clams, oysters, mussels, scallops
GastropodGastropod- - one or no shell, most one or no shell, most live in the water, but some live on live in the water, but some live on land. They breathe through their skin land. They breathe through their skin
snail
slug
Cephalopod-Cephalopod- “head foot”, most “head foot”, most intelligent of the invertebrates, intelligent of the invertebrates, complex eyes, deadly predatorscomplex eyes, deadly predators
Octopus
phylum: Echinodermataphylum: Echinodermata
Spiny skinnedSpiny skinned Tube feetTube feet- suction cups that allow - suction cups that allow
them to move by attaching to them to move by attaching to surfacessurfaces
AquaticAquatic Radial symmetryRadial symmetry
phylum: phylum: ArthropodArthropod
Largest animal phylumLargest animal phylum jointed legs and segmented bodiesjointed legs and segmented bodies tough exoskeleton that doesn’t growtough exoskeleton that doesn’t grow many different many different appendagesappendages
(structures attached to the main (structures attached to the main body)body)
5 main groups5 main groups
CrustaceansCrustaceans
2 body segments, 10 legs, gills, aquatic2 body segments, 10 legs, gills, aquatic
They are the crayfish, lobster, crab, They are the crayfish, lobster, crab, shrimp and this newly discovered shrimp and this newly discovered furry crustacean.furry crustacean.
InsectsInsects- 3 body segments, 6 - 3 body segments, 6 legs legs
most numerous group of most numerous group of animals on earth.animals on earth.
ArachnidsArachnids- 2 body segments and 8 - 2 body segments and 8 legs, with fangs, many are legs, with fangs, many are
poisonouspoisonous
Scorpions spiders
Ticks
ChilopodsChilopods- many segments - many segments with 2 legs per segment, with 2 legs per segment,
carnivorouscarnivorous
Centipedes
DiplopodsDiplopods- many segments - many segments with 4 legs per segment, with 4 legs per segment,
herbivoresherbivores
millipede
Kingdom Animal:Kingdom Animal: The remaining animals we will study all The remaining animals we will study all
belong to the same phylum: belong to the same phylum: ChordataChordata. . Most of the animals in this group are Most of the animals in this group are called “Vertebrates” because they have called “Vertebrates” because they have an internal skeleton and backbone an internal skeleton and backbone called a vertebra.called a vertebra.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Invertebrates
9
Vertebrates
Nonvertebrate Chordates- There are two small groups of animals that do not have backbones. However they do have the other characteristics of chordates. They are body soft-bodied marine animals
Tunicate
Lancelet
Although they seem like simple animals, fossil evidence indicatesthat they are distant relatives of ours!
phylum Chordataphylum Chordata Also commonly called “vertebrates”Also commonly called “vertebrates” Have backbone(vertebrae) plus Have backbone(vertebrae) plus
other bonesother bones dorsal, hollow nerve cord which dorsal, hollow nerve cord which
develops into the spinal corddevelops into the spinal cord developed brain and nervous developed brain and nervous
systemsystem
Jawless fishJawless fish-- skeleton of cartilage, skeleton of cartilage, open gills and no jaw.open gills and no jaw.
HagfishLamprey
Here are the 7 Classes of Chordates:
Cartilaginous fish-Cartilaginous fish- these fish have these fish have skeletons of cartilage, open gills, but skeletons of cartilage, open gills, but
definitely jawsdefinitely jaws
Manta Ray
Great White Shark
HammerheadShark
Bony FishBony Fish - -most common of the fish, most common of the fish, bony skeleton, gill coversbony skeleton, gill covers
Parrotfish Sea Horse
Goldfish
Walleye
ToadFrog
Tadpole
Amphibians- Adapted to life in wet places. Must return to water to reproduce. smooth, moist skin.Ectothermic-like the fish, their body temperature is controlled by the external environment. “cold-blooded”
Salamander
ReptilesReptiles- scaly skin, ectothermic, - scaly skin, ectothermic, lay shelled eggs on landlay shelled eggs on land
Komodo Dragon
Painted turtle
Some can fly
BirdsBirds- lays eggs on land, feathers- lays eggs on land, feathersendothermicendothermic- body maintains a constant - body maintains a constant temperature “warm-blooded”temperature “warm-blooded”
Robin Egret
Hummingbird
MammalsMammals- hair or fur, live births,- hair or fur, live births, endothermic, produce food for young endothermic, produce food for young in in mammary glandsmammary glands Bat
Dugong nursing young
ChipmunkGiraffe
Mammals are most versatile of all animals, Mammals are most versatile of all animals, living in all sorts of habitats.living in all sorts of habitats.