animal atlas power point for 6th six weeks
TRANSCRIPT
Kingdom Animalia
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Animals are
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic
Cells lack cell walls
~ Characteristics ~
Have a nervous system to respond to their environment
Locomotion relates to ability to obtain food
Most animals develop from a zygotebecoming a
A single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled space forming a hollow ball of cells called a gastrula.
~ Body Plans ~
Animals that are irregular in shape are asymmetrical.
Animals that are regular in shape are symmetrical.
~ Body Plans ~
An animal has radial symmetry if it can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into equal halves.
An animal has bilateral symmetry if it can be divided down its length into similar right and left halves forming mirror images of each other.
Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which has radial symmetry?
~ Protection and Support ~ Though not all animals have a skeleton,
those that do can be divided into two groups:
– Those with an exoskeleton – a hard, waxy coating on the outside of the body that protects internal organs, provides a framework for support, and a place for muscle attachment.
– Those with an endoskeleton – support framework within the body that protects some organs and a brace for muscles to pull against.
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Major Phyla
Porifera – Sponges
Cnidaria – Corals and Jellyfish
Platyhelminthes – Flatworms
Nematoda – Roundworms
Mollusca – Clams and Octopus
Annelida – Earthworms
Arthropoda – Insects, Spiders, and Crabs
Echinodermata – Starfish and Sea Urchins
Chordata – Vertebrates including Mammals
~Invertebrates~
8 main phyla
No backbones
95% of all animals are in this group
~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~
Sponges
simplest form of animal life
live in water
Do not move around
no symmetry
Pores (holes) all over body
5000 species
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Porifera
Simple animals
Live anchored to a rock or the ocean bottom
Marine or freshwater
Filter-feeders
Radial symmetry
Lack tissues or organ system
~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~
Filter Feeders: a sponge filters particles of food from water using collar cells and then pumps the water out the osculum.
~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~
Examples: Tube Sponge, Glass Sponge, Sea Sponge
~InvertebratePhylum Cnidaria~
Live in water
Most have tentacles
catch food with stinging cells
gut for digesting
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Cnidaria
Named for their stinging cells
Marine or freshwater
Carnivorous
Radial symmetry
Hydrostatic Skeleton
Jellyfish, hydra, obelia, Portuguese man-of war, sea anemone, and corals
~InvertebratePhylum Cnidaria~
2 different shapes
Medusa - like a jellyfish
Polyp - like a hydra
~InvertebratePhylum Cnidaria~
Examples -Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, and corals
~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
Flatworms
Flat, ribbon-like body
Live in water or are parasites
bilateral symmetry
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Platyhelminthes
Flattened bodies
Lack an anus
Bilateral symmetry
Simplest animals to exhibit cephalization
Flatworms, flukes, and tapeworms
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~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
Examples: Planaria
eyespots detect light
food and waste go in and out the same opening
~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
Examples: Tapeworm
Parasite that lives in intestines of host absorbing food
~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
Examples: Fluke
parasite
lives inside
of host
~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~
Roundworms
– Round, tubular body
– small or microscopic
– bilateral symmetry
– have both a mouth and anus
– Live in water or are parasites
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Nematoda
Free living in soil or water with many parasitic forms
Bilateral symmetry
Most have a digestive tract with two openings
Hookworms, pinworms, ascaris, and trichinosis worm
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~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~
Examples:
– Hookworm
– Trichinella
~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~
–Segemented worms
– Body divided into segments(sections)
– Live in water or underground
– have a nervous and circulatory system
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Annelida
Segmented worms
Setae for locomotion
Bilateral symmetry
Closed circulatory system
Clamworms, earthworms, leeches
~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~
Class Earthworms
eat soil and breakdown organic matter, wastes provide nutrients to soil
~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~
Class bristleworms
~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~
Class leeches
parasites that feed on blood of other animals
~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~
Soft bodies
Hard Shells
Live on land or in water
have a circulatory system and a complex nervous system.
Important food source for humans
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Mollusca
Soft bodied organisms often covered with a calcareous shell
Bilateral symmetry
Most have a ventral muscular foot for locomotion
Chitons, snails, limpets, clams, octopus, and squid
~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Gastropoda
– snails and slugs
– may have 1 shell
– stomach-footed -move on stomach
~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Bivalves
– 2 shells hinged together
– clams, oysters,
scallops and mussels
~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Cephalopods
–squids and octopuses
– internal mantel
~InvertebratePhylum Echinodermata ~
Hard, spiny skin
Live in salt water
Radial symmetry
name means ‘spiney skinned’
endoskeleton
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Echinodermata
Radial symmetry
Calcareous plates often with external spines
Water vascular system with tube feet for locomotion
Sea lilies, starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers
~InvertebratePhylum Echinodermata ~
Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumber
~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~
Body divided into sections/segments
Exoskeleton
Jointed legs
well developed nervous system
largest group of organisms on earth
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Arthropoda
Body is composed of a head, thorax, and abdomen with three or more pairs of joined legs
Chitinous exoskeleton
Molt
Bilateral symmetry
Shrimp, crabs, barnacles, insects, centipedes, millipedes, spiders, ticks, horseshoe crabs, and crayfish
~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~
3 subphylums:
Classified into classes according to the number of legs, eyes and antennae they have.
Subphylum Chiliceratais divided into 3 classes
Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites
Merostomata – horseshoe crabs
Pycnogonida – sea spiders
~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~
~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
Class – Arachnida
no antennae
4 pairs of legs
2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomen
spiders, scorpions, mites & ticks
~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
Class Merostomata
Horseshoe crabs
– Ancient group of species
– Changed little over 350 million years
– Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf coasts of United States.
~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
Class Pycnogonida– Sea spider
~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum - Crustacea
5 Classes
Aquatic ones have gills
2 antennae
2 body regions or segmented
Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopods
Many species taste delicious in butter
Subphylum Uniramia: 3 classes
Class Insecta (insects)
Class Chilopoda (Centipedes)
Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)
~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
Class Insecta
no antennae
3 pairs of legs
2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomen
grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees
~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
Class Diplopoda
Millipedes
segmented animals
Have 2 pairs of legs per segment
Primarily herbivores & decomposers
~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
Class Chiopoda
Centipedes Usually terrestrial carnivores
Have 1 pair of antennae
Are often poisonous, using modified front claws to immobilize prey
~ Phylum Chordata ~ subphylum Vertebrata
5 classes
Fish
Mammals
Reptiles
Amphibians
Birds
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Chordata
Notocord for support of the body at some stage of development
Dorsal, tubular nerve cord
Tunicate, lancelets, and vertebrates
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Chordata – Class Osteichthyes
Bony fishes
Specialized structures and behaviors to maintain homeostasis with regard to water balance
Some have swim bladders
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Chordata – Class Amphibia
Amphibians
Most live in water as a larva and on land as an adult
Moist skin
Ectotherms
Frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians
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Chordata – Class Reptilia
Reptiles
Dry, scaly skin
Terrestrial eggs
Ectotherms
Lizards, snakes, crocodilians, turtles, tortoises, and tuatara
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Chordata – Class Aves
Birds
Endotherms
Outer covering of feathers
Two legs with scales
Modified front limbs (wings)
Eagle, cardinal, penguin, duck, etc.
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Chordata – Class Mammalia
Mammals
Produce milk in mammary glands to feed their young
Breathe air
Four-chambered heart
Endotherms
Duck billed platypus, marsupials, cows, dogs, humans, etc.