UC-NRLF

ANGUAGE

Rev. F. X. Una

EFIK

LANGUAGE

Rev. F. X. Una

EFIK

LANGUAGE

Rev. F. X. Una

Printed byMODERN BUSINESS PRESS

55 ORON ROAD, UYOPHONE UYO 74

P RKFACE

.1

_ This was never intended to be a grammar book or

an organised Efik course. It grew naturally From trying

to - teach "foreigners my" native language. The- questions that

those foreigners asked inspired research that brought these

pages into, being. In-compiling itT.I thought initially ; of

foreigners mainly expatriates who — would like- to learn the

language in a short space of time with a view, to using

it. I had missionaries in mind. They would need to learn

enough within a short time and start using it for their

work so it had to be short while at the same time giving

them an essential start. I thought also of the interested

traveller. For him too, the course would have to be short

enough to be completed during the life time of his will to

learn.

It has since been observed that the contents of this

little book would be of great help to pupils of Elemen-

taries Five and Six.

I wish to express my gratitude to Students and Tea-

chers who used it in its mimeographed edition to prepare

for G.C.E. or School Certificate examination. Their com-

ments have been very encouraging, and if it has been as

helpful to them as they say, then my time has not been

wasted.

F. x.

A LIST OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER

1. Orthography and Sounds

2. Number — —3. Intonation — —4. Greetings — —5. Nouns — —

6. The verb "To Be" -

7. Pronouns —8. Adjectives — —9. Passive Voice —

10. The Verbs

11. Relative Adjectival Clauses

12. Adverbs and Adverb Clauses

13. Conjunctions and Prepositions

14. Conditional and Purpose Clauses

15. Questions

16. Indirect Speech —17. "Da" and "Kama"

18. Appendixes _

19. General Exercises —20. Vocabulary Exercises —21. Useful Information

PAGE

5

6

7

8

9

If

13

15

16

17

26

27

29

30

32

33

34

35

37

37

66

—5—

CHAPTER 1

ORTHOGRAPHY AND SOUNDS1. ALPHABETS: The alphabets of Efik language are those used in Fnglish.

The letters J, L, Q, V, Z AND G ARE NOT used.

For Q we have 'kw' or 'ku' and for the Fnglish 'ng' sound wehave 'q*. There is in addition the 'kp' sound which offers the

foreign student much difficulties.

jA of Abaij in Efik

2. The vowels of Efik language are;—A, a; as ' A of Amo in Latin

I A of Mat in Englishnever like Eng, A.

E, e: as E in egg; e in EtoI, i; as ee in seen or i in hit; i in itok.

E and I are very different. One cannot replace the other.

O: as O of Tuo (Latin) ; o in ebot, o in so.

O, o; as O of Dominus; in ofiorj, O in GodLike e and i, o and are essentially different.

U, u: as oo in boot; u in ukot

Vowels in the root word often affect those of the suffixes or

prefixes.

3. PRONUNCIATION: Efik words are more like latin than English in

the way they are pronounced. There are no neutral sounds; each

syllable has a right to exist as an individual. Words like nne, mmo,mme, nnyin etc. which in English would be monosyllabic are

disyllabic in Efik.

The beginner is advised to take syllables separately to promoteclarity. This can only be done by reading and speaking dead slow.

The native speaker can be understood even when he elides or

speaks fast. This is not true of the foreigner. Borrowed wurdsretain their original pronunciation.

EXERCISE 2

Read out loud

(a) Sokoro, mboro, ekpeme. uyai, idibi, okukubarakpa. otokorikc mmin,mmorj, mbre, mmo, urien, ndutuho, idioknkpo, ererimbot, rjkertke

ndinamke, ekpededi, ikpuhokede, nsinsi, isuhokede, iwubekede.

(b) IJkpa enyemi akak owo uyo. Idaha emi edi nda-eyo.

Kukere nte rjkpo osorjde idaha emi.

Udosen Adiaha edi eyen eyen eka eka eka mi.

Ekere didie abarja usem Efik ?

Nim kpukpru mbet Abasi kubahade mmo.

—6—

fjkpo ifonke owo ima tutu esim hevin.Owo emi mminamke utom idotke ndidia udia.

Anie owo mminyeneke ekikere?Abasi edeme utom ono kpukpru owo.Usen ederi idihe usen unam utom.Se owo otode kpa oro ke enye edidok.Nso udori ke owo edtbo edieke enye enyenede ofuri inyene

ererimbot emi, edi ke akpatre ukporj esie atak?(a) Repeat (a) and (b) slowly and distinctly after a native speaker.

CHAPTER 2

1. Numerals: THESE ARE UNIFORM IN THEIR FORMATION Whenused as adjectives they follow the nouns they qualify.

2. Ordinals: Prefix "oyoho" to the numeral to get the corresponding

ordinal, except for "first" which is "Akpa*' and "second" which can

either be "udiana" or "oyoho iba".

3. Number Of Times: Only the first takes the prefix "im" the rest

take ika, ike, iki, and iku according as the predominant vowel of the numeralis a, e, i, o or u. ''Utim'' before the prefix Ik. does not alter the

meaning. You can just put akarj before any number (Ibibio).

4. Quantity: From 1 to 8 are as on the chart. From 9 on, the

numerals qualifv the persons or things e.g. Mmo (owo) duopenarj

Fourteen of them.

NUMBER CHARTNumerals

—7—

Numerals

13 Duopeta14 Duopenarj15 Efut

16 Efutekiet

„ eba

„ eta

„ enaij

17

18

19

20 Edip21

22233031

ye kiet

„ iba

„ ita

,, duop,, duopekiet

Number Chart cont.

The numbers 1— 14 must be known off byheart. The number 15 is Efut. To get 16,

17, 18. 19, add 1, 2,3,4 respectively to 1 5.

15 Efut; 16 Efutekiet; 17 Efuteba;

18 Efuteta; 19 Efutenaq.

20 is edip and other numbers up to 39

can be formed by adding 1—19 to 20.

To get 40, 60, and 80 change the ''i" of iba,

ita, inarj to "a''. The intermidiary numbersare formed by adding 1 — 19 to 40, 60 and80. By this process of adding numbers youcan count to any number of your choice.

40 Aba41 „ ye kiet

50 „ ye duop51 „ ye duopekiet60 Ata61 Ata ye kiet

70 Ata ye duop71 Ata ye duopekiet80 Anar)81 „ ye kiet

100 Ikie

200 „ iba

300 „ ita

1000 TDsin

2000 „ iba

Exercise 1

Write in E&k :

(a) 55: 86; 99; 111, 959; 60!: 333; 7561;

9999; 8571.

(b) 21st; 9th;

llth; 19th.

(c) Once, ten times, nineth time; 1 39thtime.

(d) 59 persons; 90 sheep, two of them,ten of them, sixteen of them.

CHAPTER 3

INTONATION

The foregin student will find the intonation a great draw-back. Theintonation betrays the foreigner for words are pronounced to suit theircontexts. Only careful listening and sweat labour at trying to producethe correct sounds will solve this problem. It will nevertheless comewith time and usage so have courage

—8—

A Practical way of facing this difficulty of acquring the right into-

nation is by asking severai questions This however, is not practicable

in regions like Oroo, Eket and Annang because people there have their

peculiar dialects. Examples of such useful questions.

Nso idi emi? = What is this?

Anie enyene enye? = Who owns it?

Eda enam nso? = What is it used for?

Nso ke owo oro anam? = What is that man doing?

Nso ke mmo enam? = What are they doing?

Nte afo emekeme ndinamntre? = Can you do so?

Nso inam mukemeke? = Why can't you?

Ekere didie? = What is your name?

CHAPTER 4

GREETINGS

Of all the forms of greetings the commonest is "mokom—o": I

greet you. This can be used in all circumstances; whether the persongreeted is sitting down, standing up, walking, working or whatever else

he may be doing. The response for it is "mmakom nde — o": 1 greet

you too. Here are other forms of greetings;—

Tie do-o = Sit you there — for one sitting.

Da do—o = Stand you there — for one standing.

Ke anam—o = You are working — for one working.For each of the above the response is "mmokom-o" = Yes I

greet you.

Ka di — o = Go come : farewell

Hm^di — Yr.u have come; Welcome.Sarja surj = Good bye (when a person is leaving you).

Emesiere ( — o) = Good morning.Esiere (o) = Good niimt

As resp,>ns2s for the last two, leave out the incluic cO' and add'nde' When you are distant from the person use incline 'O' whethergreeting or responding In response, however, 'O' comes after 'nde'.

e g- Emesierende — o = Good morning too.

Esierende — o == Good nisht too.

Idem fo — o? = How are >ou?Ete fo — o? == How or where is your father?

Irkafo — o? = How or where is your mother?Sosorjo — o? — Thank you.

-9—

Vocabulary 1

Sokoro

— 10-

th e sentence To express the possessive case the object possessed is

placed before the possessor.

e.g. Mmorj rjvved eyen eka mi = My brother's ink.

In this example I possess a mother who possesses a son whopossesses book which in its turn possesses water.

Number: The prefix "rnme" hyphenated to a noun makes it pluralexcept in rare

11

(d) Subject +Peter

Peter

Clause +emi otodeobio nnyin

who is a native

of our village

Verbokono

gave

4- Ind. Obj.mi

rne

+ Clauseoforj oro

ino ekeyipde.

ihe cloth that

was stolen.

Utit

udoijo

akpanobiontanta oft or)

ufokinr>

iyak

ini

ete

usen

mbiomo

Vocabulary 2

Editor) o — Beginning— tire

— many— sun— first daughter— hat- bag

Ukabade-isua — Christmas

- End- sickness ikan

first son ediwak- town, village utin

- star Adiaha- house itamthief ekpat

- fish

- time ebok - monkey- father ediye - beautiful

- day ubet — roomload, burden ibnk medicine

EXERCISE 3

(a) Translate into English

:

Ufok ibok; Owo udorjo, Ebe Mary, Adiaha Peter, Oborj obio, ufok rjwed,

ekebe oforj ete mi, ekpat ubok Udo, ufok owo udorjo, ubom anyamiyak, Cross Eyen Abasi.

(b) Translate into E&k:The thief's hat, The time of Christmas, the father's house, John's eldest

son, my father's eye glasses, Many small white things, the third man'sname, the lorry driver's monkey, a fine day in good company, a badchild is a burden to his parents.

CHAPTER 6

THE VERB "TO BE"

1. As in English the verb "to be'' "Edi" is used:

(a) To express identity of subject and object

e.g. Eben edi eto. The pear is a tree.

(b) To express the state or quality of the subject.

e. g. Efiong edi eti owo. Efiong is a good man.Peter edi anyan owo, Peter is a tall man.Enye edi owo akpaniko. He is a truthful person.

2, The verb "du'' in its proper tense denotes rest in a place,

e.g. Ami rjkodu ke ufok rjwed. I was in the School.Mbuk uwem Christ odu ke edisana rjwed Abasi.

The story of Christ's life is in the Holy Bible.

12—

Vocabulary 3

Owo ifu

—13—

CHAPTER 7

PRONOUNSI. Personal pronouns: The personal pronouns used in the

language, are:

—

Efik

Person Singular

Plural

1st

2nd3rd

1st

2nd3rd

2. Possessive pronouns:Singular —

Plural

Nominative

-14—4. Demonstrative Pronouns:

(a) They are emi = this, which; oro = that (near you); oko = that

(yonder); eke — which; emi, oro, oko, introducing clauses.

(b) When any of these introduces a clause the verb of the clause

takes the suffix 'de'

e. g. Utom emi enye anamde ofon. The work which he

is doing is good.

(c) When the clause is negative it is expressed thus:

(Pro) Noun 4- Personal form 4- verb root + ke, ha, he. ho

e.g. Se ami rarae nyomkeSe afo mmu uyomkeSe enye mmi iyomkeSe nnyin mmi iyomkeSe mmo mmi iyomkeSe mbufo mmi iyomke

N. B. For the use of ke, ha, he, ho cf. chapter 10, paragraph 1.

5 Relative Pronouns : These are :

emi, eke = who, which, that

se = what, that, which

They, in most cases, introduce qualifying clauses, cf. chapter 11,

6. Interrogative Pronouns:nso — whatanie — who

ewe or efe — which

When any of these comes before the verb in a sentence the pre-position ke' comes between it and the rest of the sentence after

it. When it qualifies a noun 'ke' comes after the noun it qualifies.

e. g. :

Anie edi eyen fo? -— Who is your child?Itnye odu ke mmorj? — Where is he?

Vocabularyfood kere baya — think aboutneighbour idat — mad personpoor person motor — car

wickedness isorjke, ememem— weak, soft

yet utip — rewardkind, type kpukpru — all, everysome tim — collect,

arrange, pack, beat.

udiambohoidurjubuenembubikkaija

utoubak, ndusuk

—15-

EXERCISE 5

(a) Translate into English:

Oyom anie? Odu ke mm on? Odu ke cwc ufok? Owo oro

edi idat. Ami ke idem mi. Mmo eno nnyin udia ye oforj. NtiChristian ema kpukpru owo. Ndusuk owo ekere ebaija idemmmo ikpoij. Nno mmo se mmo ke idem mmo eyomde. Owoeke amade Abasi ama mbohoiduij esie qko. Anie mmimahaidem esie? Nam se amade kaija, Abasi eyeno fi utip. Nso utoowo ke Christ ekedi?

(b) Translate into EAk:A poor person arranges all his things; his clothes, his money andhis food. My car is black yours is green. That man there is

wicked, that (near you) is weak but this is lazy.

(c) Make short sentences with these pronouns. Idem fo, to, okim,emi, se, oro, nnyin, nso, efe.

CHAPTER 8

ADJECTIVES

The Efik language has very few adjectives so other words are

used as adjectives. Such words come before the nouns they

qualify. There are however, exceptions like these which comeafter the noun man.

ino

16

— 17-

VocabularyAdan-ikarj

—18—

N.B. When the last three letters of a verb root are vowel—consonant—vowel 'ke' is usually used. But in words like kpohode ending

in 'de', 'ke' comes immediately beforel

de\

What is so stated is illustrated in the chart on page 14. Supplementthat chart with these veibs and note that some verbs have ro nounforms to fit in the column for nouns. Those that have are not

as uniformly formed as they seem to be, to allow for a rule.

VERB ROOTS

Efik

—19-

Verb Roots contd.

Efik

—18—

N.B. When the last three letters of a verb root are vowel—consonant—vowel 'ke' is usually used. But in words like kpohode ending

in 'de', 'ke' comes immediately before 'de\

What is so stated is illustrated in the chart on page 14. Supplementthat chart with these veibs and note that some verbs have co nounforms to fit in the column for nouns. Those that have are not

as uniformly formed as they seem to be, to allow for a rule.

VEHB ROOTS

Erratum^

Page 18 line 4: Change "the chart on page

read "the chart on page 20".

14" to

re

—19-

Verb Roots contd.

Efik

-20

COc£LU>

<

o

zLU

QLUI

z

o

V-

<u

c

--21-

3. The prefix with the root which are indicative of the

person are respectively 'n' or 'm' when the root starts in

'm' e, e, i, e, e, for 1st, 2nd and 3rd person singular

and plural. Only the 2nd and 3rd persons singular varywith the vowels in the root. They are 'E' when the vowelin the root are e, i, ue, and 'A' when the vowel is a, ai,

ua. They are 'O' for the vowels o, u, io and '3' for

the vowels 0, oi, io, uo.The indicative vowel for 3rd person plural in a passive

sentence containing 'se' becomes 'i' instead of the usual 'e\

The verb wet— to write

INDICATIVE MOOD

Present absolute — I write

This in its affirmative form is used when one intends

only to give a simple information. It excludes other

persons from the action.

Affirmative

Ami qwetAfo ewetEnye ewetNuyin iwet

Mbufo ewetM no ewet

Negative

Ami rjwetke

Afo uweikeEnye iwetke

Nnyin iwetke

Mbufo iwetke

Mmo iwetke

Conditional Present

Affirmative

Edieke ami nwetde,, afo ewetde

,, enye ewetde

,, nnyin iwetde

,, mbufo ewetde,, mmo ewetde

If I (do not) write

Negative

Edieke ami mme nwetkeafo mmu uwetkeenye mmj iwetkennyin mmi iwetke

mbufo mmi iwetke

mmo mmi iwetke

-22-

Continuous Present: I am (not) writing

Affirmative

Ami ke rjwet

Afo ke cwetEnye ke ewetNnyin ke iwet

Mbufo ke ewetMmo ke ewet

Negative

Same as present absolute

The habitual Present

Affirmative

Ami mmesiwetAfo emesiwetEnye esiwet

Nnyin imisiwet

Mbufo emesiwetMmo esiwet

I usually {do not) write

Negative

Ami nsiwetke

Afo usuwetkeEnye isiwetke

Nnyin isiwetke

Mbufo isiwetke

Mmo isiwetke

PAST TENSE

Perfect with have ; I have (not) written

Affirmative

Ami mme wetAfo emewetEnye (em) ewetNnyin imi wetMbufo (em) ewet

Mmo (em) ewet

Negative

Same as present absolute

Perfect without have — past indefinite

Affirmative

Ami mma nwetAfo ama ewet

Enye ama ewetNnyin ima iwet

Mbufo ema ewetMmo ema ewet

Negative

Ami nke wetkeAfo uku wetkeEnye iki wetkeNnyin iki wetkeMbufo iki wetkeMmo iki wetke

-23

Habitual Past :

Affirmative

Ami mma nsiwet

Afo ama esiwet

Enye ama esiwet

Nnyin ima isiwet

Mbufo ema esiwet

Mma ema esiwet

I used to write

Negative

Ami nkesiwetke

Afo uku suwetkeEnye iki siwetke

Nnyin iki siwetke

Mbufo iki siwetke

Mmo iki siwetke

Another form of Perfect

Affirmative

Ami nke wet

Afo eke wet

Enye eke wet

Nnyin iki wet

Mbufo eke wetMmo eke wet

See appendix 9 for the use

Habitual Past It was I

Affirmative

Ami nkesi wetAfo ekesi wet

Enye ekesi wetNnyin ikisi j^wet

Mbufo ekesi wetMmo ekesi v/et

without have— Definite past

Negative

Idihe ami nke wet

afo eke wet

„ enye eke wet

„ nnyin iki wet

„ mbufo eke wetmmo eke wet

of EXE and AMA — Perfect tense

who used to write

Negative

Same as abovewith "si" between

"nke" and "wet"

Past Conditional : If I wrote

Affirmative

Edieke ami nke wetde

afo eke wetdeenye eke wetdennyin iki wetdembufo eke wetdemmo eke wetde

Future Simple:

Affirmative

Ami nye wetAfo eye wetEnye eye wetNnyin iye wetMbufo eye wetMmo eye wet

FUTURE

shall (not)

Negative

Edieke ami mme nke wetke

,, afo mu uku wetke

„ enye mmi iki wetke

„ nnyin mi iki wetke

„ mbufo mmi iki wetke

„ mmo mmi iki wetke

TENSE

write

Negative

Ami ndiwetke

Afo udu wetke

Enye idiwetke

Nnyin idi wetke

Mbufo idi wetkeMmo idi wetke

24

Habitual Future: I shall (not) be writing

Affirmative Negative

Ami nyesi wet

Afo eyesi wetEnye eyesi wetNnyin iyisi wetMbufo eyesi wetMmo eyesi wet

Ami ndisi wetkeAfo udu usuweikeEnye idi si wetkeNnyin idi si wetkeMbufo idi si wetkeMmo idi si wetke

Conditional Future: If I shall (not) write

Affirmative Negative

Edieke ami ndiwetde

„ afo udu wetdeenye edi wetde

„ nnyin idi wetde

„ mbufo edi wetdemmo edi wetde

Edieke ami mme ndiwetke

,, afo mmu udu wetke

,, enye mmi idi wetke

,, nnyin mmi idi wetke

„ mbufo mmi idi wetke

,, mmo mmi idi wetke

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

Present Subjunctive: I should (not) write

Affirmative Negative

Ami mkpe wetAfo ekpe wetEnye ekpe wetNnyin ikpe wetMbufo ekpe wetMmo ekpe wet

Ami mkpe wetkeAfo ukpu wetkeEnye ikpi wetkeNnyin ikpi wetkeMbufo ikpi wetkeMmo ikpi wetke

Conditional Present subjunctive

:

Affirmative Negative

Edieke ami mkpe wetde

„ afo ekpe wetde

,, enye ekpe wetdennyin ikpi w^tdembufo ekpe wetdemmo ekpe wetde

Edieke ami mme mkpe wetke„ afo mmu ukpu wetke

enye mmi ikpi wetkennyin mmi ikpi wetke

,, mbufo mmi ikpi wetke„ mmo mmi ikpi wetke

-25—

Habitual Present Subjunctive : I should (not) be writing

Affirmative

Ami mkpe siwet

Afo ekpe siwet

Enye ekpe siwet

Nnyin ikpi siwet

Mbufo ekpe siwet

Mmo ekpe siwet

Negative

Ami mkpe si wetkeAfo ukpu su wetkeEnye ikpi si wetkeNnyin ikpi si wetkeMbufo ikpi si wetkeMmo ikpi si wetke

Conditional habitual perfect subjunctive

Affirmative

Edieke ami mkpe (ke) si wetde

,, afo ekpe (ke) si wetdeenye ekpe (ke) si wetde

„ nnyin ikpi (ki) si wetde„ mbufo ekpe (ke) si wetde

,, mmo ekpe (ke) si wetde

Negative

Edieke ami mme mkpe ke si wetke

,, afo mmu ukpu kusu wetke„ enye mi ikpi kisi wetke

,, nnyin mi ikpi kisi wetke„ mbufo mmi ikpi kisi wetke

„ mmo mi ikpi kisi wetke

Perfect Subjunctive

:

Affirmative

Ami mkpe ke wetAfo ekpe ke wetEnye ekpe ke wetNnyin ikpi ki wetMbufo ekpe ke wetMmo ekpe ke wet

I should (not) have written

Negative

Ami mkpe ke wetkeAfo ukpu ku wetkeEnye ikpi ki wetkeNnyin ikpi ki wetkeMbufo ikpi ki wttkeMmo ikpi ki wetke

Conditional Perfect Subjunctive: If I had.

Affirmative

Edieke mkpe ke wetde

,, ekpe ke wetde

,, «kpe ke wetde„ nnyin ikpi ki wetde

mbufo ekpe ke [wetde

,, mmo ekpe ke wetde

Negative

Edieke mme mkpe ke wetkemmu ukpu ku wetkemmi ikpi ki wetkennyin mmi ikpi ki wetkembufo mmi ikpi ki wetkemmo mmi ikpi ki wetke

Perfect Subjunctive implying moral obligation : I should have

Affirmative Negative

Ekpekena ami nwet Ikpikinaha ami nwetafo ewet „ afo ewet

enye ewet „ enye ewetnnyin iwet ,, nnyin iwet

mbufo ewet ,. mbufo ewetmmo ewet ,, mmo ewet

26

Conditional Perfect Subjunctive implying a moral obligation.

Affirmative

—27—

Vocabulary 7

Usuq — road, way Nwarja — open, clear, pour outYe — be beautiful Isorj — earth, ground, land

EXERCISE 9

fa) Translate into English

:

Dep eke eyede. Saga usug eke enende. Kama udia emi edikemde ft

usen inarj. Nyom owo emi ekemede ndinam eti utom. Bo se Abasion ode esok fi.

(b) Translate into Eflk

:

We want boys who are good. He is a man who can draw maps.Plant flowers in open ground. Put them in a clean dry place. Giveit to him at the appointed time.

(c) Make 5 sentences containing relative adjectival clauses.

Make 5 sentences containing relative adjectival clausesof time.

Make 5 sentences containing relative adjectival clausesof place.

CHAPTER 12

ADVERBS AND ADVERB GLAUSES

1. Adverbs; Adverbs are very rare in the Efik language. Thedeficiency is made up for by grouping words to produce the required

sense and by doubling certain words.

(a) Original adverbs are: mi, do, ko, mmon, didie.

(b) Adverbs formed by groups of words.

Ke eti ini — in good time

Ke idiok ini — in bad time

Ye idiok ekikere — maliciously

FJkan nkuk — vicinity, aboutKe edem — behindEbiet (itie) eke ededi — any place

Ke anwa — outside

Ke ufuot — in the middle

Ke iso — in front

—28—

(c) Adverbs formed by doubling words:

Uterje-uterje — majestically, solemnly

idiok-idiak — badly

ndisime-ndisime — foolishly

idara-idara — happily

ediye-ediye — beautifully

eyihe-eyihe — doubtfully

akakaha — too muchidap-idap — sleepily

usuhode-usuhode — lowly

nkonkorj-rjkoqkorj — highly

Adverb Clauses: Adverbial clauses of manner is usually expressed in

this coostruction.

NTE + (Pronoun) + Verb + de

e. g. Christ oyom nnyin idu uwem nte enye okodudeChrist wants us to live as he lived his life

Kpukpru ubon ekpenyene rditie nte ubon emi Christ akamanadeEvery family should be like the family in which Cbrist was born

This use of 'nte'* should not be confused with 'nte" which introduces

a question to avoid ambiquity.

When ini or ke ini and ebiet or itie are involved, they are respectively

adverbial clauses of time and place. Both show that clauses containing

them are of their nature definite so the verb of the clause must be

definite in its form and has to take the suffix "de".

VocabularyDaha

—29—

(c) Make sentences with the following:

Ebiet eke ededi, ke anwa, eyihe-eyihe, ke ufuot, uterje-uterje, nteeli owo, ini nda-eyo.

CHAPTER 13

CONJUNCTIONS AND PREPOSITIONS

1. Conjunctions: Conjunctions commonly used in Efik are: ye — and,-nko — also, and.

Ye is not normally used to join sentences and clauses.

The auxiliary verb "nyug" is used in conjunction with the verbof the clause to join sentences and clauses. "Nyurj" is conjugated like

a complete verb but not in the negative. It takes prefixes but doesnot take any suffixes. All suffixes go to the verb with which it is used.

Like a complete verb, 'nyurj' obeys the rules governing the order ofsentences. It may be separated from the verb by other words.

Prepositions: All prepositions in English are reducible to "ke" and''ye''. "Ke" seems to be infinite in its capacity for producing preposi-tional meanings. It is sometimes combined with nouns or verbs to

form prepositions.

e. g. Ke edinyime (unyime) esie — by his agreementke esit — inside

ke enyorj — on top

ke ufuot — in the middleke idak — underke nkarj — beside

The verb "no'* if properly combined with other words can mean "for"

e. g. Dep enarj ukuak no mi. — Buy a bicycle for me.

Vocabulary 8Esit

-30 -

(b) Translate into EAk:

Who stands near the window? Put it into the fire. What is Peter tel-

ling Paul? James is playing in the school. I bought eggs from the

market. Heaven is not bought with money. Work in the garden andalso in the house. She sings nicely and plays well too. Go to the

market and meet ihe watch repairer too.

(c) Use "ke'' in 5 different sentences

Use "ke" in 5 different sentences as a preposition

Use "ye" as a conjunction in 5 different sentences

Use "rjko" in 5 sentences

Use "nyurj" in sentences as

(a) Present indicative (c) Future indicative

(b) Perfect indicative (d) Present subjunctive

(e) Perfect „

CHAPTER 14

Conditional and Purpose Clauses

1. PURPOSE CLAUSES! Purpose is expressed by a clause introduced

by "man", "mbak" or ''man otodo", ndmam.

Constructions : (a) Introductory word + (Pro)noun + Verb.

Ndomo idaha emi man afo okutI am measuring it now so that you may see

(b) Usun "Nte"Introductory word 4- (Pro) noun + (verb) -f- nte + verb -f- de.

Nnam emi mman mbufo efiok nte mmade mbufoI do this that you may know how much I love you.

(c) Using the verb "keme" and some other verbs

Introductory word -+- ...keme + infinitive + (Pro)noun

Kpep rjkpo man ekeme ndibe udomoStudy so that you may be able to pass your examination

Sia and koro do not introduce purpose clauses. They introduce clauses I

which give the reasons why an action was done

2. CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: The "If Clause'' is expressed in Efik bythe use of 'Edieke" in conjunction with the verb of the clause.

Construction : Edieke + (Pro)noun + verb + the suffix de.

e. g. Edieke afo amade mi nim mme - mbet mmiIf you love me keep my commandments

Construction for negative condition :

Edieke + (Pro)noun + mmu + verb root -f- ke, ha, he, or ho

e. g. Edieke (afo) mmunimke kpukpru mbet Abasi ukemeke ndiboho.

—31—

''Ekpedi" is used when there is a case of unfulfilled condition or onethat may not be fulfilled but if fulfilled the consequence follows.

All introductory words can be eked out by correct intonation.

e.tr. Anam, ndaha rjkporj fi. If you do, I leave you behind.

Osop idem eye sobo mmo ke usurj If you are quick you will meetthem on the way.

Give three examples in past, present and future.

Vocabulary 9

Sana kiet — Walk together

Udomo — Test, examination.

Ka iso — Go aheadEdim — RainOfion — Moon, monthEte ye Eka — Parents

Tim (with a verb) — do the action of the verb properly

Dara — rejoice

EXERCISE 12

(a) Translate into English:

Nyom edi man isarja kiet inyon, Ofon ka, mbak onyorj ke eti ini.

Sop isarj mman oto do esim nsurj-ikarj. Tim kpep rjkpo mman ekemendibe udomo. Nnam emi ndinam fi eti se rjketirjde. Ka iso edieke

okutde ete ofon- Edieke mmunamke ofon ndikpehe fi okuk. Mkpenamnno fi edieke amade. Domo ndinam ke idem fo mbak eti. Jesus

Christ okokpoq ikpokidem esie ono nnyin ke Edisana Eucharist mmannnyin inyene enye nte rjkpo uwa eke odotde ndida nno Abasi, rjko

mman enye edi akakan eti udia ono nnyin ndida mbok uwem ukporj

nnyin. Edim edep isoq eyebit. Otop mkpasip isimke isarj. Ekpedimmekpep mkpofiok.

(b) Put in Efik

If you were honest I would employ you. Eat this that you may have

life. What would you do if you were in the moon? If you had

studied hard during the term, you would have passed the examination.

Buy a good pen in order to write well. If you are good your parents

will rejoice.

(c) Write live Efik sentences containing purpose clauses andfive others containing conditional clauses.

—32-

CHAPTER 15

1.

QUESTIONSInterrogative words like these are used to introduce questions.

whowhose

— what— how

what time

efe

Anie, mme-anie —eke anie

nso —didie

or

nso miini eweikafan

mm on

oto mm on

aka mm onenye -e

whenhow often

wherewhencewhitherwhere is he, she, it.

Enye— e can stand by itself or at the end of a sentence that has

no interrogative word.

2. When no interrogative word is used the ordinary question is just

like a statement. Intonation is the only distinguishing mark. Theforeigner can avoid the ambiquity that will be consequent uponbad intonation by using "Nte'' or "Ndi" before the sentence.

e.g.

Nte Paul edi eti owo?Ndi nwed enyemi ke oyom?

Is it that Paul is a good man?Is it that this is the book you want?

-33-

Ese cte ekpenam emi didie?

Esine ke owed ifarj?

Ndi Paul edi ete to?

Omofiak nte ewatde ubom?Ebet nso?

Enye— e?

(b) Translate into Efik after answering them in Efik.

What do you like? Who knows all things?

How often did you tell him? Which book do you want?Do you learn sums in school? Have you ever seen a crocodile?

Can you swim? Is it easy to learn Efik language?

(c) Write the answers to these questions in Efik;

Nso ke ekpri cyen anam edieke enye osopde usurj?

Eben onwum ikafarj ke isua?

Nso ke mme owo ewak ndinam ke ini ekopde uyo motor enyorj?

Iban esinam nso ke ini mmo ekutde uduk ikot?

Nso ke ndito-oworj enam ke ini ekutde afia owo?Nso ye nso ke mkpri ndito enam ke ini owo awatde motor ebe?

(d) (i) Ask ten questions in Efik about your present sorroundings(ii) Answer the questions in Efik.

CHAPTER 16

INDIRECT SPEECH

Indirect Statement: The reflexive pronouns used in the indirect

speech are slightly different from those used in the direct speech.

Below are the pronouns along with the verb forms for Present,

Perfect and Future.

—34—

3. Indirect Command: (Pro)noun + P. Verb + nte + {Pro)noun

+ ( . nyene) 4- verb + object.

*'Yak" can be used instead of the (Pro)noun but where ">ak" is

used "nyene" is left out.

Vocabulary 11

Verb -f- ._'. ma = the action of the verb is complete

ntre = so, like that

akpara = loom, harlot

EXERCISE 14

>) Translate into English:Enye anam nte imo imofon ima, Mkpema ndidiorjo mme eyeka,

John ye Paul ekedoho ete iyenam utom oro, Mmo eketirj ete owoikinoho mimo udia, Okobup abaija mme afo ama anam ntre,

:b) Translate into E&k

:

He said he was in the school at the time, Do not ask me whether1 know your name, There is no use saying you love God,He said he was learned, Do you think he can drive a car?

CHAPTER 17

THE VERBS "DA AND "KAMA"I. "Da": Its real meanings are stand or take. It is however used in

an applied sence with a shade of the second meaning to mean"use", "How", "Employ', "Lead"

(a) Use : e,g (1) Eda akpara etuak oforj

Looms are used for weaving cloth

(2) Eda ifiok emen nnunurj

People use intelligence in carrying logs

(3) Eda ukpa eturj ubomUkpa (tree) is used for making canoes

c Use" in the three sentences are differently used, in (i) It designatesan instrumental cause, (ii) it designates an efficient cause (iii) it

designates a material cause.

(b) Ada...-K,. nso = how, by what means

e.g. Ada nso oGok ete Peter idotke

How do you know that Peter is unworthyAnam didie ofiok? = How do you know?Asarja didie ofiok? = „ ,, „ ,, ?

(c) Da... + ... utom = employ,

e.g. Owo idaha ufan mi ke utomMy friend is not employed

-35-

(d) Da . usuq

e.g. Nnan ikemeke Ddida nDan usun = The blind cannot lead the blind

2. The primary meaning of c'kama" is "hold". It can, however, beemployed to mean watch, e.g. Oyoho ibet inarj ob-p ete ye ekanditim rjkama ndito mmoThe fourth commandment of God binds parents to take propercare of their children

APPENDIXES1. Nehede and Tim : Nehede (straighten out) and Tim (pack) are

often used with verbs to show sincerity in performing the actionof the verb.

e g. Tim nam utom fo. Do your work earnestly

Tim kpeme ndito fo. Take proper care of your childrenNehede kpep se etemede fi. Study what you are taught properlyEke enehede ama Abasi eyedu ke idara. He who loves God well

will be happy

2. Tie: The verb 'Tie" is often used to have the idiomatic meaning''resemble" or "seem''.

e.g. John etie nte ete Paul = John resembles Paul's father

Ami ntiehc nte mbon eken. I am not like the rest of menEtie nte ema eno mbufo iboro udomoIt seems your examination results are out

3- "Kam": The auxiliary verb "Kam" has no meaning without ano-ther verb. When used with another verb it shows or demandsunfailing performance of the action of the verb

e g. Mbu fo ekam ekokut okpo owo. You must have seen some corpse

Nnyin ikam inono ndito ubuene unwamWe generally give help to poor children

4. "Kop"! "Kop'' which means hear, can also mean have or feel

e.g. Kop mbom batja andinyarja fi Have pity for your RedeemerMma nkop tuep ke esit ikot oro. I felt cold inside that bush

Ndik ama anam mi ke ini rjkokopde nte mmorj odukde ubomI was afraid when I felt water entering the canoe

Nte afo omokop utebe obukpo rjkpo? Can you smell something dead?

5. Onion, and Anyan: Both respectively mean tall or long but they

are not interchangable.

oniorj (is tall) is used as a verb and so does not take a verb,

not even the verb ''to be"

eg. Peter oniorj nte ele esie = Peter is as tall as his father

—36 -

Anyan: This is essentially an adjective and behaves as such.

It has to qualify some noun when used except it means "far"'

e.g. Nkaha anyan. = [ ail not going far

Peter edi anyan (wrong) Peter edi anyan owo (correct)

Perer is a tall manNyomke ndisarja anyan usurj oro. I do not want to take the long way

6. Okpon and Akamba: "Okpon and akamba" are exactly the sameas ''onion, and anyan" in appendix 5. The same rules apply to themexcept that 'Akamba' has not the exception that 'anyan' has. Thesame for "omuho and ibio''.

"Akan" used with adjectives to form the comperative degree is a

verb and so does not take the verb ccto be".

Not X edi okpon akan Y or X edi akan Y, but X okpon akan Yor X akan Y.

7. TIF) and DOHO : Tin. means ''tell" and may not be used to

translate "say". Doho means say but it is not as rigid as ''tirj". It

can sometimes be used to translate "tell" that is mild.

8. Ndi and Edi: A verb with the prefix "edi" is essentially a parti-

ciple in.. . ing. "Ndi'' makes a verb principally an infinitive but is

occasionally used as a loose participle. This possibly resulted fromcarelessness.

9. Eke and Ama: There are two forms of the perfect without haveEK.E is used when the definite past is in question. The action

must have been completed and finished with. In the Efik languagethis seems to imply a secret implicit meaning like this :

"Take this information, be satisfied with it and do not expect

any more from me". This is very rarely, if ever, intended by anybody using this tense. It is very polite and has to be used to

express the past definite. It excludes others from the action.

Ama shows that the information given is not complete and that

there is a good disposition to give more if required.

It states the indefinite past.

A verb with the prefix eke can take "de'' as its suffix in the

sentence but "ama'' does not admit of this That is the tense of

the verb in an adjectival clause introduced by a relative pronounmay not be indefinite.

10. Dia and Ta

:

Ta means chew. It is used to translate eat whenthe object is something like meat, nuts etc. Dia means eat wheneat does not mean chew even if the thing or food eaten is mas-tigated. One cannot supply for the other.

Ta udia, eben, mboro, paw paw, sokoro etc. (wrong)Dia

,, ,, „ „ „ „ (correct)

Dia unam, iyak, isip mbakara, iborj, rjkarika etc (wrong,)

Ta ,, ,, ,, ,. „ „ (correct)

—37-

GENERAL EXERCISES

(a) Translate exercise 2 (b) page 2.

(b) Translate into English:

Ediwak mbre edu ke obio Ibibio. Ubak mmo edi, ukwa, eksn, nkere-cbe, ekpe, obon, ekpo, mbok, ukara-idem, ebre. Mine mbre me nkere-

ebe emi ekesibrede rikpo nte isua edip rmi ekebede esomo. Ke otu

mbon emi edude idaha emi, ubak ifonke ndito Abasi ebre. Utooro edi ekpo, ekpe, obon, ebre. Niak edi emi. Owo ikenieke ndi-

buana ke mmo ntre ndibiat mbet Abasi. Kpukpru esarja ye idiok

uwa, mme-andibre mmo inyurj iyakke mbon eke mibuanake ke mmoedu ke ifure. Ikpinaha enyik owo aban mme ebre mbre ndomo kiei

emi enye mmimaha. Owo eke enyenede ima ye ukeme ndiban, aban,

owo eke mmimaha ebe aka mbubehe esie. Ndito ete, eboro ise, nsoidi ntak owo mminyimtke iban eban ekpo. inyurj iyakke mmo esarja

ke emem ebe eka mbubehe mmo? Anie enyene unen ndibiorjo owoefen ndisar-a ke usurj emi anade ono kpukpru owo?

(c) Translate into Efik:

See, the climate is changing!. Do you notice thai? Yes, it is the

harmattan. The dry and dusty air is what I hate. Everything becomesdry and dusty, even the human bodies. Breathing is unpleasant.

The mornings are very cold—some people especially old men and womendo not like to drink water. That is because it is cold. But inspite

of the cold, water in the stream is warm. It is very warm and pleasant.

Children who manage to get to the stream enjoy a warm bath. Butthey shiver again with the cold as soon as they come out. Thereused to be fires in compounds. I do not mean inside the housebut near the small gardens. There people used to warm themselves.

They loved to sit or stand around it early in the morning. Didyou ever see a person turning his face, back and both sides to the

fire? They stretch their hands across it. This custom is dying out.

(d) Write a page or two on (i) A day in a bush station,

(ii) My first and memorable experiencei in Africa.

VOCABULARY EXERCISESIf a person decides to learn a foreign language it is taken for granted

that he wishes to understand the users of that language when they speakand himself use it to communicate himself. These aims can only beachieved if the student acquires sufficient vocabulary and understands the

idioms and usages in the language and is familiar with its structure andsyntax. The following vocabulary exercises have been prepared with a

view to acquainting the foreign student with these important elements

in the Efik language without any conscious effort on the part of the student.

-38-

By the time a student finishes the fifty-five exercises he shall have

learned more than 4.000 words, and not only that hut also th-ir syn-

tactic and idiomatic uses. Once he knows these words he would hardly

ever forget them aga>n as long as he tries to use the language, since

he has them in their proper contexts and 10 their grammatical struc-

ture. He uses the language as the native speaker doe>.

Each of the vocabulary exercises his about twenty short expressions

in common use in a column and their English equivalents in another

column.

This is what you do. Get a piece of thick paper and with it

cover one of the two columns preferably the column of Efik expressions.

Leave the other column of that exercise open to view. Look at the

first expression of the uncovered column and guess what it means.

Vocalise your guess and then slide down your covering card just

far enough to reveal the corresponding expression. It does not matter

whether your guess is right or wrong. If it is right pass on to the

next expression. If wrong make an X on a piece of paper and pass

on. When you finish the last expression in the exercise the number of

X, you have will show how many mistakes you made. It does not

matter whether they are many or few. Keep repeating the exercise in

this manner until you can get through it two consecutive times without

any mistake. Then and only then should you go on to the next

exercise.

The vocabulary exercises are on tape and is strongly recommendedto the serious student. Using the tape will help to acquaint you with

right pronunciation and intonation. This is what you do. Follow the

instruction preceeding V. E. I, viz.

fa) Listen to the expression announced;

(b) In the pause that follows say what you think it means in

English;

(c) Listen to the correct version given on the tape;

In the case of V.E. l\ — V.E. 55A. this is what you do:

(a) Listen to the English expression given on tape

(b) Say in Efik what you think it means(c) Listen to the correct Efik version

(d) Repeat it faithfully.

N. B. It is profitable to put on your tape recorder while youare shaving, arranging things in your room, searching forsomething or at any other time you are about in the room.Repeat the play back several times daily and you will soonbegin to use the language with confidence.

N B. 2 The whole of this course including the exercises is

only an introduction to your study of the language. You willbegin the real study only when you go out into the streets,

homes, offices, markets, shops and gatherings to converse or to

do your business in the Efik language without an interpreter-

-39

V. E. 1

Ekere didie?

Oyom Anie?

Ewe ke ama akan?

Enye mi okpon akanDuk di.

Bet tutu udua efen

Ete fo odu mm oq?

kunim enye do.

Sin ke ekebeMum son. ubokSin enye ke ufuot

Oyom ifarj?

Domo utuene ikarj

Sosop di

Kutre ndika

Tirj inwarj inwarj

Ed on, enye utomDep eke eyede

Kufre se ntirjde

Don, mmo ke ekpat

Kot rjwed sop idemNim ke ilie esie

Kpohode usug no enyeBerede usurj no miEnye inyeneke udia

Ofon ke usen ubokBaba idihe idaha emiKuyak enye efre

Ifiokke rjwed ndikot

Ifiokke ndiwewet rjko

Deme no mmoNo mi ukpohode nnimNwed ndomo kiet iduhe doEkot rjkpo oko didie

Idihe enye mi ke ndohoAnyan oro odu mmoij?Sese ndodobi oro miBet karja ke etehe

Korj ke enyorj

Sin ke ufuot

Dori ke enyorj

Sin ke idak

Nnyin iyomke enye aba

What is your name?Whom do you want?Which do you prefer?

This one is bigger.

Come in.

Wait till next weekWhere is your father?

Don't put it there.

Put it in a boxHold it firm

Put it in the middleHow many do you warn?

Light a lampCome quickly

Don't fail to go.

Speak plainly

He is sent on an errand.

Buy a beautiful oneDon't forget what I say

Put them in a bag.

V. R. 2

Read fast

Put it in its place

Unlock the door for himOpen the door for meHe has no food

It is good in the morningNo, not nowDon't let him forget

He cannot read

He cannot write either

Share it for themGive me the key to keepThere is no book there

What is that thing called

I do not mean this oneWhere is the long one?

Here is the heavy oneWait at the verandahHang it upPut it in the centre

V. B.

Put it on the top

Put it underneathWe do not want him anymore

40

Enye mi adat akahaDa ufuk eyo sok enyeDon kpukpru ke ufoic

Mmo emama esen owoEnye imaha ndito esie

Ka utom ke eti ini

Berede nim inwarj

Bo mi dep mfinSat se ifonde siorjo

Kuduok ukpohore oro

Okpokoro uwet nkpoNim kpukpru mbet Abasi

Kubahade mmoEyekan oro mkporjAbasi iyakkeEnye edi owo nsuAfo edi e-tirj akpaniko

Sarja ke ubok ufien

Karj ke ubok nnasiaBet enye edi

Nnyeneke okuk abaFiak ka idaha emiWoro do ini kiet

Ikemke ibat

Ayak iba ndikemOnion, akan fi

Abiarja idem fo

Di mbemiso nwed etre

Enyam sokoro ke morj?

Anyam didie bia?

Eben edi ifarj ke tro?

Yak enye edep shilling

Ami nyom ndidep ke sisi

Utuene ikarj mmo ke ufokNnya inwumke idaha emiIbokpot idatke karja

Eda iwa enam garri

Eda ibokpot enam ogi

Enyam akara iba ke pennyKubere ke ibibene

Ka ke yet ubokNo mi edinworj mmorjIkarj akata eyen esie

This one is too ripe

Take an umbrella to himPut all in the houseThey like strangers

He does not love his children

Go to work in timeLeave it openBuy from me today

Sort out the good ones

Do not lose the key

A writing table

Keep all the commandments of GodDo not split themIt will be more tomorrowGod forbid

He is a liar

You are a truthful person

V. B. 4

Walk on the left

Hang on the right

Wait for him to comeI have no more moneyGo back nowGo out at onceThey are not enoughThere are two remainingHe is taller than youYou are deceiving yourself

Come before school closes

Where are oranges sold?

How much do you sell yams?How many pears for 3d?

Let him pay 1/- for it

I want to pay 6dThere is a lamp at homeThis is no season for garden eggs

Maize is not ripe yet

Garri is made from cassava

V. E. 5

Ogi is made from cornAkara is sold two for a pennyDo not lean on the wall

Go and wash your handsGive me drinking water

Her child had a burn

41

Okim odu ke ufokNte ete-ete fo aka ufok Abasi?

Esine ke nso nwed?Nte afo omokot ediwak nwed?fjkotke nwed mbe duopNim ubok onasia ke isorj

Dori ubok uficn ke ibuot

Ekpri mmin esine ke abarj

Eyo ofiop mfin eti-eti

Ikifiopke ntem udua okoEyefiop akan cmi udua efen

Ufuk eyo awak ke udua

Nti ikpa ukot enana eti-eti

Ofon ndidep obufa enarj ukuak

Eyop isopke ndikori

Mmin anarja ete esie

Anie etig iko ye afo?

Ufok nwed odu ke obio nnyinUfok ibok kiet odu miKparj utorj

Unen amama ibokpotEbot eyeta bia oroNsen unen edu ke esit

Dori oforj ke bedDorj usan ke ekebeSin ikparj ke usanSio ubok ke ekpat oforj

Sin efere awakNtokon ayat akahaInurj imumkeEtie mmorj-mmoi]Inehekede inemEyefon'

fakan oro'ini efen

Mine ia at homeDoes your grand father go to

Church?In what class are you?Have you read many books?I haven't read more than ten

Put down the right handPut the left hand on the headThere is little wine in the pot

The sun is very hot todayIt wasn't so hot last weekIt will be hotter than this next weekThere are many umbrellas in the

marketGood shoes are very scarse

It's better to buy a new bicycle

V. E. 6

Palm trees do not grow fast

His father is drunkWho is talking with you?There's a school in our village

There is one hospital here

Listen

Chickens like maizeA goat will eat that yamThere are eggs inside

Put some cloth on the bedPut the plates in a boxPut a spoon in the plate

Remove your hand from your pocket

Put in plenty of sauce

There is too much pepperThere is not enough salt

It is wateryIt is not very sweet

It will be better next time

V. B. 7

Okoduok eyen ukpohodeKesomo kiet kiet

Dorj kpukpru ebiet kiet

Don kpukpru ini kiet

Siorjo mmo kiet-kiet

Kunim ke isoq

Kporj rjkpo oroNyom ndikune ofon/Jisin

Owo ifarj edu ke etehe?

He lost a keyThey are disappearing one by onePut all together

Put all at onceRemove them one after the other

Don't put it on the floor

Leave that thing

I want to wear a loin cloth

How many people are on the

varandah?

-42

Kuwat os op ntrc

Wat amana osop esit

Sin ekpri karja

Uyom okpon mi akahaObo ufen akahaMmo mbiba edun. miMbufo ekere didie?

Enye ekere didie?

Onion akan eka esie

Nehede se

Edi inioqke nte ete esie

Ekpedi emeseme mkpokutOmuho eti-eti

Avvak ndisana lkporj

Don't drive so fast

Drive a bit faster

Put a little one yet

There is too much noice here

She is suffering too muchBoth of them are living here

What do you think?

What is his name?She is taller than her motherLook well

But she is not as tall as her father

If you repented I would knowIt is very short

He often walks alone

V. E. 8

Okpon abara

Asarja ke ukot ye ubokAsarja surj-surj

Kusarja ikporj

Tiene enye kaMbok usurj emi aka mmorj?Nyom ndika Ikot EkpeneMbok teme mi usurj

Bet esesit

Yak nwut fi usurj

Ama esira akamba usurj

Duk ubok ufien

Sana tutu esim inuk usurj

Be inuk oro

Eyekut akamba ufok

Sana beEyedisim akamba eto

Ubok u6enUsurj iba edu doKiet aka nnasia

He is extremely fat

He walks on hands and feet

He walks slowly

Don't walk aloneGo with himPlease where does this road lead to?

I want to go to Ikot EkpenePlease give me directions

Wait a whileLet me show you the wayWhen you get to the main roadTu rn left

Walk till you reach a cornerPass that cornerYou will see a big houseWalk pass it

You will come to a big tree

Left handThere are two roads there

One goes to right

V. E. 9

Enye ken aka ufien

Duk emi akade ufien

Eyeda fi ekesim ekpri obio kiet

Idihe Ikot Ufen edi oro

Amabe obio oro

The other goes left

Take the one going left

It will bring you to a little village

That is not Ikot Ufen

When you pass that village

-43

Eycsim ekpri obio efen

Be enye oro rjko

Oyoho obio ita edi Ikot UfenEdim oborj eka miObon. otre kpukpru ini

Ufan di mi ise

Mbok odurj mi/3

Odurj ke mmorj ndien?Omodiono Peter Okon?Baba ndiorpke enyeAnyan owo ntemAfia esisit

Nwen esie ekere AkonEbiet mmdiorjo eyenEnyerie ndito iban iba

Baba enyene eyen eden owo kiet

You will reach another small townPass that also

The third village is lkot UfenThe rain has soaked my motherHe shouts like that alwaysFriend, come here

Please are you living here?Where then do you live.

Do you know Peter Okon?No, I don't know himA tall man like this

He is a bit fair in complexionHis wife is called AkonIt seems I know himHe has two daughtersNo, he has one son

V. E. 10

Ob! odoho Peter Edet OkonEnye ke nyomDi nkowut fi ufok esie

Odurj ekpere nnyinKukpa ndidi

Teme mi us' rj

Ofon be ka i o iso

Amakestm ufok nwedBup owo doEyewut fi ufok mmoSosorjo eti-eti

KukereEh, efehe aka mm on?

Yak ndi karja

Nkaka nditobo owo etopNyom ndidon. owo utom

Dkodaq eyen esie utomNo mi kiet

No ufan mi kiet

Ifaq osuho idaha emi?

O, you mean Peter Edet OkonHe is the person I wantCome let me show you his houseHe lives near usDon't bother comingGive me directions

Alright go forwardWhen you reach a schoolAsk someone there

You will be shown their houseThank you very muchNever mindEh, where are you running to?

Wait till I comeI want to give a messageI want to send someone on anerrand

I sent his son on a messageGive me oneGive one to my friend

How many are left now?

V. E. 11

Ekedi ition nkporj

Anam akpana ita osuhoOb on. ata owo okoneyoOborj obio nnyin odurj mmiAma obobo kiet

They were five yesterday

So there should be three left

Mosquitoes bite people at night

Our chief lives here

You received one already

44

Kiet okobobomoOsusuNtirj akpanikoNimke se afo etirjde

Mmunike kporj

Nsarja didie rjkpon, enyeOyom ndinam didie ndienYak nyom ke ekpat oforj fo

Ebre mbreUkemeke ndisin ubok ke ekpatoforj miNyesin ke amade ye mumahaSe enye miIdihe eben oro edi emiKam se

Otop esin ke ikot

Ka ini kiet

Sosop kosio enye di

Mbok udua ekpere mi?

Udua oyom usun. eti cti

Enyene ebiet enyamde rjkpo mi

Duk efak enye koEyekut ufok udua doNso ke anyam do?Enyam ediwak nkpoEyekut se oyoyom doTian iyak doObu ye inurj doIyak ye obu ediwakUsan ye ikparj do rjko

Nsio nsio mfri edu rjko

Enyam inurj ke ekpat

Nyom akpakaba oborj

Uborj awak ke invvarj

Nyom uborj obio AbasiEkporoko iwakke eti

Ndek ntokon eduTomato eke tian ikporj oduMaha eke tian

One was brokenYou are telling a lie

I am telling the truthI don't believe youPlease yourself if you don't believe

How can I leave it

What then do you want to doLet me search for it in your pocketYou are joking

You can't put your hand into

my pocketI will, whether you like it or not

Here it is

This is not the pear

Just look

He has thrown it into the bushGo at once

V. E. 12

Go quickly and bring it out

Please is there a market near this

place?

The market is very far awayThere is a place here where things

are sold

Enter that other street

You will see a store there

What things are sold there?

Many things are sold

You will rind what you want there

There is canned fish

Crayfish and salt are there

Fish and crayfish are plentiful

There are plates and spoons too

Divers fruits are there too

Salt is sold in bags

I want a cane chair

Gaurds are many in the farm

I want God's kingdomStockfish is not very plentiful

There is fresh pepperThere is only tinned tomatoeI don't like the canned one

V. E. 18

Nso inam mmumaha?Udia atian isinemke

Why don't you like it?

Canned food is not sweet

-45

Eyedep mmoij-eba do?Uram ofon udua doUnen osorj udep eii eti

Nyomke unen nyom iwaNyom ndidep ikorj efere

Cigarette iduhe miNewspaper nko iduheOwo ikwe nkpo mi idep

Ete fo aka mmoq?Aka inwaqAka utomNso utom ke enye anam?Eyetiene aka ufok nwedNyom ndidi oko iyak

Nyom ndidep ubomtnarj ukuak ofon akanIfonke ikan motorEdieke amade

Mumaba kp?ij

Eyekut en>e ke ufokodu ke itie utomAsarja ke ufuot usurj

Etie ke mben usurj

Ebere ke itak eto

Esine ke esit ufokOfro oduk obubeDomo utuene ikarj

Nim ke ufuot ufokNyom ndidi anvam uduaOkuk ufok nwedOkuk udia edi ifarj?

Kuyat esit

Kutiene enyeKukere se enye aoamdeKufehe ndikKusin oro ke esit

Da eke amadeOyom kiet mme iba?

Will you buy milk there?

Meat is cheap there

Fowl is very costly

I don't want fowl, I want cassava

I want to buy vegetables

There is no cigarette hereThere is no newspaper either

One finds nothing here to buyWheie has your father gone to?

He went to the farmHe went to workWhat work does he do?You will accompany them to schoolI want to be a fisherman

I want to buy a canoeA bicycle is better

It is not better than a car

If you like

V. B. 14

If you don't like leave it

You will see him at homeHe is in the workshopHe walks in the middle of the roadHe sits at the side of the roadHe reclines at the foot of a tree

He is inside the houseHe jumps into a pit

Light a lampPut it in the palour1 want to be a traderSchool fees

How much money for feeding?Don't be angryDon't follow himDon't mind what he is doingDon't be afraid

Don't bear that in mindTake anyone you like

Do you want one or two?

V. E. 15

Oyom emi mme enye ko?

No enye mbibaDeme ukem ukemIni ekpere ndikemIdisimke karja

Do you want this or the otherGive him bothShare equally

It is almost timeHe has not arrived yet

46

Ini ikemke karja

Ayak esisit

Ifonke ndinam ntre

Edibe ke edemDa ke edem karja

No mi esine ufuot

Oyom motor oto fi?

Daha ke usurj

Ama ndiia unamIyomke edesi

Enwan unam ke ikat

Otot iyak ke eto

Owo itukke ikpa ukot esie

Se nte mmo edehedeEkpri ukpohode

Akpasa sokoroAdan mmansarjNyom ndita ibokpot ye ebenTuep okpon miEyo ofiop akahaNim enye ke mbenWet mmo kiet kiet

Tim durjode enyeSe se ekemede ndinamNam nte afo amadeKparj utorj no enyeKparj utoq kop se enye etinde

Emebre mbre akahaUkpepke rjkpo ekemOworo anwa kpukpru usenSuhode tetie miTie ke ufok mfioKa ketem mbietOdu ke oturj ikan

Etem udia

Eyet oforj esie

Eyet mme usan ye ikparj

Ekefre eto nwed esie

Mo mmi udeme miNkanika eyesop ndimiaOworo imiaha kaga?Baba imiaha karja

Ama amia anyan ini

It isn't time yet

It remains a little

It is not good to do soHe hides behindWait yet at the backGive me the one in the middleDo you want a car to knock youdown?Leave the wayHe likes to eat meatHe does not want rice

Meat is dried in a basket

He puts fish on sticks

His shoes are not polished

See how dirty they are

A small lock

V. E. 16

A basket of oranges

Groundnut oil

I want to eat maize and pear

It is very cold here

The sun is too hot

Put it at the edgeWrite them one by oneExamine it properly

See what you can doDo as you like

Listen to himListen to what he is saying

You play too muchYou don't study enoughYou go out every daySit down here

Stay at home today

Go and cut grass

It is in the fireplace

She is cooking

E. 17

She is washing her clothes

She is washing plates and spoonsShe forget her penGive me my own share

The bell will soon ring

Is it not rung yet?

No not yet

It was rung a long time ago

47

Ami nkokopkeSe ekpetirjde cdi oroKusorj enyin ye akamba owoEtc mi okpon akan fi

Edi ami nsorjo enyeEnye enyene odudu akan fi

Ami nniog nkan enyeNte ami nniorjde nkan fi

Inamke rjkpo

Ese ete inamke rjkpo?

Ami nkere ntre

Mmefre enyirj fo

Ndifreke abaWet mbak eti

Ama ewet esio ke nwedEnye eyetua rjkpofiok

Ndituaha rjkpofiok

Yak isaija ke ubomEyeda ini akahaKporj tutu ini efen

Ekere ere eyedi?

Ofon ndibet esisit

Ewe udua ke enyam mfin?Ekere ete eyekeme?Nso ke nkeme ndinam?Se rjkemede edi emiUkemeke ndinam ndomo rjkpo kiet

Domo ukcme fo

Nam se ekemedeYak eken no AbasiNse nte idikemeke

I did not hear it

That is what you should say

Don't insult a big manMy father is bigger than youBut I am older

He is more powerful than you1 am taller than he is

As I am taller than youIt does not matter

Do you think it doesn't matter?

1 think so

I have forgotten your name

V. E. 18

I will not forget it anymoreWrite it so as to rememberYou wrote it downShe will regret it

I will not regret it

Let us go by canoeIt will take too much timeWait till next timeDo you think he will come?It is good to wait a little

What market is on today

Do you think you will be able?

What can I do?This is what I canYou can't do anythingTry your best

Co what you canLeave the rest to GodI think he will not be able

V. E. 19

Sioijo idem fep

Kufina idem fo

Kubet enye abaInwarj esie ifonke

Demede ke idapYak nde esisit

Eyo isorjke karja

Kpukpru owo edemedeMmo itorjoke karja

Togo ndikaSarja surj

Sarja sun. surj

Forget about it

Don't bother yourself

Don't wait for ber any moreHer farm is not goodWake up from sleep

Let me sleep a little

It is not late yet

Everybody is awakeThey have not started yet

Begin to goFarewellWalk slowly

-48

Sio ubok fo fep

Ukpuhode iduheEyekut e*e edi ukemAkamba ukpuhode oduEyekut ete idihe ukemKuu'q iko abaOmosop inua akahaDahado no mi

Ebre mbreNtirj skpaa-ikoNnimke se etirjde

Ebehe rai didie?

Dia nti udia\)ia udia sun suyNwog ediwak mmorjOyom ekese mfrifjkpo nte eben ye sokoroEyop mbakara o ron nkoMboro iduhe idaha emiPaw-paw odu ke nda e>oPineapple onwum ke ukwo

Sarja ke mben usurj

Saga ke ufuot i sun,

Ifonke nditie ke usurj

Omokop se itebede?

Ebiet nkpo emi asakdeEfop ataha oforj

Efop okpo

Yak idaha miNkemeke nditie mi abaIka mmon, ndien?Ebiet efenItie eke edediUfok nnyin oyom usurj

Udua ekpere miKiet ama akpaEkedi isua iba ini oroEdi ition idiha emiIsimke duop karja

Ebe inarj

Ekpere ndidi itiokiet

Se edem mbibaNso ina oro?

Remove your bandThere is no changeYou will see they are alike

There is a great difference

Yo'i will see they are different

Don't speak anymoreYoj are too fast

Pardon me

V. B. 20

He is playing

1 am speaking the truth

I do not believe what you sayWhat is that to me?Eat good foodHat slowly

Drink much waterHe needs plenty of fruits

Things like pear and orangesPineapple is also goodThere are no bananas nowPaw paw exists in the dry season

edim Pineapple bears fruit in the rainnyseason

Walk at the road side

Walk on the middle of the road

It is not good to sit on the roadDo you smell something?It is l>ke something burningA rag is burningRubber is burning

V. E. 21

Let's have this place

1 can stay here no longer

Where should we go thenSome other place

AnywhereOur house is far awayA market is near this place

One had died

He was two years old thenThey are five nowNot up to ten yet

It is past fourIt's nearlv six

Look at both sides

What is lying there?

-49-

Ekpri ubak ofoq

Men enye sio doOdoho nnim enyc ke mmoq?Nim ke oto amadeUfarj iduhe ke esit ufok

Nim ke anwaDa qkanya fukSin enye ke idak mbriEdieke ebetde miEyekut kpukpru owoEsarja ke udimEyesop ndisim miOkotop akpa ke ikarj

Tigha udiana ke idarj

Yet oyoho ita mbatTin iko ye oyoho inarj

Koru oyoho ition ubokSe oyaho itiokiek ke enyin

Duok enycken mmorjDcq se isuhode ke ekpat

Yet eken adanKa mbubehe fo

Kudi mi aba mfin

Ndi nso usen ndienUsen eke amade

Kebede mfinOkot nwed eii eti

Okwo ikwo kpukpru ini

Duok odudu kanaKunam uyom miKutin ndisimeAnie etirj ndisime?Di ke nkanika iba

Ekim otorjo ndidukOfion, eyesiaha mfin

Otioq edisiaha ke usiere

Utin osopYom usurj woro miKutie mi ikporj

Ufok emi ododoboOwo ndomo kiet idunke miOwo lwakke miKpukpru eto ufok edi

Yak mbet tutu ijkpoa

A small piece of cloth

Remove it from there

Where do you want it kept

Put it where you like

There is no room inside the bouse

V. E. 22

Put it outside

Cover it with roofing matsPut it under a sleeping matIf you wait here

You will see everybodyThey walk in lines

They will soon catch up on meHe shot the first

Shoot the second will an arrowSmear the third with dirt

Speak to the fourth

Shake hands with the fifth

Look at the sixth

Pour water on the other

Put the rest in a bagAnnoint the rest with oil

Go your wayDon't come here anymore today

When then should I comeAny day you like

V. E. 23

Apart from today

He reads a lot

He sings always

Rest a while

Don't make a noise here

Doo't talk nonsenseWho is talking nonsense?

Come at two o* clock

It is getting darkThe moon will rise today

The moon will riie at dawnThe sun has set

Find some way and go out

Don't stay here alone

This house is lonely

There is no one living here

There are not many people here

All come from homeLet me wait till tomorrow

-50-

Nyeka do urua efen

Njyetiene fi okaNyomke nsarja

Nkporj emi rjkedide-e?

Fjkpoq ekedi oro

Mfin idihe ijkporj

Tie ke ufok mfin

Afo aka mmoqfjka ndisc eka eka miNso itibe ino enye?

OdodogoOkotorp nsi ini?

Da enye ka ufok ibok

lkemeke ndisarja

Oyom enye asasarja?

Isanake mbak nso?

Ukwe ete enye osorj?

Osorj akan ete mi?

Kuda enye udomo ye ete fo

Ntaha?

V. E. 24

I shall go there next weekI shall go with youI don't want a companionWhat about yesterday when I came?That was yesterday

Today is not yesterday

Stay at home todayWhere are you going to

I am going to see my grand motherWhat has happened to her?

She is sick

When did it start?

Take her to the hospital

She cannot walkDo you want her to walk?Why shouldn't she walk?Don't you see she is old?

Is he older than my father?

Don't compare her to your father

Why?

Kpukpru ini ana obup ntak

Men enye ke enarj ukwakIkanke itie ke enarj ukwakKe ntak usorj?

Idihe oro ikporj

Ye nso efen

Biarj esine okoro

Oyom nno fi udia?

Edieke enyenedeOmofiok ete nyeneke

Ntak okobupde mi-e?

Boro se nkobupde fi

Nso ke okobup mi?

EmefefreAma obup ediwak mbu~ e

rjkari fo edi oro

Yak mfiak nti fi

Nkemeke nditi

Yak ke nyeti

Ntihe enye aba

Omosop ndifre owo eti eti

Enyirj ikporj ke mfre

V. E. 25

You are always asking why?Carry her on a bicycle

She can't sit on a bicvcle

On account of old age?Not only that

What else

There is hunger as well

Do you want me to give you food?

If you have anyYou know I have noneWhy did you ask me?Answer what I asked youWhat did you ask me?Have you forgotten

You asked many questions

That is your trick

Let me remind you again

I can't rememberDon't mind I'll rememberI don't remember him anymore

V. E. 26

You forget people easily

I forget only the name

51-

Nso ke eti ndien?

Msti iso

Ye nso efen

Kukaha mi ye mbumeInam didie ndit*n?

Nso rjko?

Kabana owo udorp oroMen enye bine doctorr^arja didie nsim CoUkemeke ndidori enye ke itorj?

Ama ke edem ovvoboKporj mbreIdihe ini n>o edi emiOkot mi owo nyo?Ndohoke nte edi owo nyoOdoho didie ndien?

Omokut ete ini kebeMbubehe fo edi oro

What then do you remember?I remember the face

And what else

Do not bother me with questionsWhat should we do now?What again?

About the sick personTake her to the doctorHow am I to get there

Can't you carry her on your shoulders

On your back if you like

Stop joking

This is not the time for jokes

Do you call me a jester?

I don't say you are a jester

What then do you say?

You see the time is passing

Thai's your look out

V. E. 27

Ye okuo rjko

Ekedi nso ini?

Qkedi ebemEkesim mi ebihi didie?

Ibihike

Ebihi eti-eti

Mma ndi ofion okoQkekwe fi

Kubop iso ntre

Akanam rjkwe fi asakde imamUkwe nte ofonde?Ifonke ima karja

Ekpri ndo odu ke esit

Nso idi oro?

UnamNso ikinam enye.P

Ekesin ubak ke ikarj

Kuyak obiom enye ndoOdoho nnam didie?

And yours also

When did you come?I came last year

How long is it since you arrived here

It's not a long timeIt's a very long time agoI came last monthI did not see youDon't frown like that

I have never seen you laughDon't you see it is good?It is not perfect yet

There is a little deftct in it

What is that?

MeatWhat happened to him?He put his hand into a fire

Don't let it deform her

What do you want me to do?

V. B. 28

Qkpo awak se ekemede ndinamBat mmo ise

Ufon iduhe ndibat mmoAkamba unanOmadioqo mmo kpukpru

There are many things you can doName themThere is no need to name themA big woundYou know them all

—52

Ndiorjoke kpukpruEdi omodiorjo ediwak mmoNkereke ntre

Ababiarja

Unimke se ntirjde

Nsarja didie nnimOfog kunim-eKwohode utuene ikarj

Glass ikarj ama obomoOkobomo nso ini?

Okoneyo rjkporj

Ini adahade ke etehe

Okodorode ke okpokoro oduoBo okuk ka kedep efen

Okuk emi ikemke

I don't know all

But you know many of themI don't think so

You are deceiving

You don't believe what I sayHow can I believe it

Alright do not believe

Clean the lampThe globe was brokenWhen was it broken?Last night

When you left the verandahIt fell from a table

Take money and go to buy anotherThis money is not enough

V. B. 29

Nso inam mikemke?Oyom ndida oforj ikarj nnam nso?Ata ekpri okosuhoIdihe ekem ndien/>

Sosop ka nyorj di

Ayak okuk mmorj ikarj

Kufina mi abaNso idi ufon ndidepGlass ikarj ye oforj ikarj

Ufon ndomo kiet iduheMmorj ikarj miduheOwo ikemeke ndidomo ikarj

Daha miEbiet iditie ekim mfin

No mi okuk oroBo enye miAmakem da ndiarjade di

Ndiarjade okuk ifaq?

Sidirj duopeta

Why is it not enough?For what do you need a wick?Only very little was left

It is enough now isn't it?

Go quickly and come backWhat is left is money for keroseneDon't bother me anymoreWhat is the use of buying?Globe and wickThat is good for nothingIf kerosene is lacking

One cannot light a lampGo away from here

It seems we will remain in the darktoday

Give me that moneyTake this

Bring change later

How much change?Thirteen shillings

V. E. 30

Idihe duopetaGlass ikarj sidirj ition

Oforj ikarj sidirj kiet

Mmorj ikarj sidirj kiet

Kpukpru oworo sidirj itiaba

Sisuhode edi duopetaNyedep suob nko

It is not thirteen

A globe for five shillings

The wick one shilling

Kerosene a shilling

All together cost seven shilling

What is left is thirteen

I shall buy soap also

-53-

Ntokon iduhe

Adan nko ama okureOkure se oyomde Ddidep?

Yak rjkere karja

Yak ijkese ufokNyedcp polish ikpa ukot

Blue rjko osuho ata ekpri

Kudep mbon oro mfin

Oyom rafiak rjka udua rjkporj

Nyedep mmo ke idem miSop nam se ekemedeNkemeke ndinam rjkpo ndomo kiet

Idem emera mi akaha

There is no pepperOil too has finished

Is that all you want to buy?Le me think for a momentLet me go and see the houseI shall buy shoe polish

There is very little blue left

Don't buy those today

Do you want me to go to markettomorrowI shall buy them myselfDo what you can quickly

I cannot do anythingI am very weak

V. E. 31

Ododono?Oto anyan isarj

Yak nduok odudu karja

Kutiij ediwak iko

Mme anie edi oko?Ndiorjoke mmo iso

Kiet edi nwanIba edi iden owoIJkpri ndito ke isarj

Eden owo kiet

Mum ndito iban oro ubokEnyoni isarj ekahaOyom ndinam didie?

Sarja ye mmoUsurj iyomke ikaha

Ibihike akadaha ke ufok

Esim udua iba

TJfen okpon doOdiok mi akanOjiok ye ami akan

Are you sick?

It's because of a long walkLet me rest yet

Dcn't talk muchWho are these ?

I can't recognise themOne is a womanTwo are menThere are children in the companyOne manHold those girls by the handThey walk very slowly

What do you want to do?Walk with themIt is not very far awayIt is not long since he left homeIt's up to two weeksThere is much suffering there

It is worse here

It is worse for me

V. E. 82

Kotorjo ndifon

Ifoake ima karja

Ebe fo odu ke mmorjEnye ke ufok

Aka utomAma osio ine

Aka rjkarj ufan esis

Icyorjke idi karja

It is becoming better

It is not perfect yet

Where is your husbandHe is at homeHe has gone to workHe went to the fishing-port

He went to see his friend

He has not yet come back

—54-

Nwan fo odu mmon,?Akaka ndise eka esie

Akaka uduaEmen enye eka ufok ibokIdem esie isorjke

Odu ke ufok ibokEnye kediOworo jdidaha emiEbiet emebe enye ke usun,

Ibihike akadahaE\esop any or) edi

Ekefre rjkpo ke udua

Ndito ifarj ke enyene?Nkenyenc ition

Kiet asarja ye ekalba eka ufok rjwed

Nsek even ana oko edeInan, edi oroUto oro ke nyomUio emi iduhe abaNyomke cnyemiWet sop ubakSop idemKere bjrja se anamdeKuse rjkpo efen

Kabade enyeKuyak ata ikarj

Ese didie?

Bak duk idapBak demedeSop yere mm on,

Kwohode idem ke towid

Sine eii oforj

Kuyara itam

Bobo eti bokit

Kufre ekpat ubokSin ekpri rfoq doDa mi bet busWorpde iso se ibibeneBerede windoSop isaij

Sop kau oroTeme enye nre enamdeSin ubak no nnymNim ke isorj

Where is your wife?

She went to see her motherShe went to the marketShe is taken to the hospital

She is not well

She is in the hospital

She is comingShe has just gone out

It seems you passed her on the wayIt's not long since she left

She will soon come backShe forgot something in the market

V. E. 33

How many children have you?

I had live

One is out with the motherTwo have gone to school

The baby is sleeping there

That's four

That's the type I wantThere is no more of this type

I don't want this oneWrite quickly

Be quickThink of what you are doing

Don't look at something else

Turn it

Don't let it burnWhat do you think ?

Go to bed early

Wake up early

Take a bath quickly

Dry yourself with a towel

V. E- 34

Dress well

Don't wear a hat

Wear a good headtie

Don't forget your hand bagPut a handkerchief there

Wait here for a busTurn and face the wall

Open the windowWalk fast

Be faster

Tell him how to do it

Assist usPut it on the ground

-55—

Ebek ifia

Ukpat-rjkpo

Edem unen mbakaraEdem ete ufok esie

Enem nte adan okwokInurj isineke

Ntokon ayat akaha

A bundle of firewoodA truck

The back of a duckHis master's houseIt is as sweet as honeyThere is no salt in it

There is too much pepper

V. E. 35

Ana ke eyoKuda enye mfefere mfefere

Edi ata akpan rjkpo

Fiak kere

Tim kere

Tim berje idemIdap keyet miDuk ke nanaSio idem fo fep doIdihe mbubehe 10

Fehe kesim eka fo

•Jkubo ke okpokoro edeIkpehe okuk ufok ijwed

Ufiop eyoUfiop ikaij

Ufiop udia

Ufiop mminMbon udorjo itiaba

Akanam idahake ida

Duk akpa ubet

It is lying in the sunDon't take it lightly

It is a very imponant thingThink againThink well

Prepare well

I am feeling sleepy

Go in and lie downHave nothing to do with it

It is not your businessRun and meet your motherHe sleeps leaning on a table

He has not paid school fees

Heat of the sunHeat of the fire

Hot foodStrong drink

Seven sick peopleHe has never stood upEnter the first room

V. E. 86

Ka kotoi enyeSarja ye ebe fo di

Fuhode oforj okpokoroIkpa ukot e>en oworj

Qkpo mbre nditoworj

Udeme ete fo

Kere karja mbemiso edi

Nim do dafta

Inyeneke esit mbcmOyom un vam fo

Asarja iferi

Mkpn ye ikpoAnyan ye ibio

Eka mi ikponke ubom

Go and wake him upCome with your husbandRemove the table clothA child's shoesChildren's play thingsYour Father's shareThink yet before comingPut it there and go awayHe is not mercifulHe needs your helpShe walks nakedBig and small

Long and short

My mother is not fat

—56—

Mmo kekwD enekEdorjo ke ubet

Kodok eberi

Ekette ke iiak eto

Woro di

Woro ka do

They are singing and dancingThey are in a roomHe is ascending a ladder

They sat at the foot of a tree

Come out

Go out there

V. E. 37.

Ediye oforj enyin usuqEkpri oforj okpokoroOrorj udori ibuot ibaEdim eyedep mfinDa ufuk eyo di

Akpakam ada oforj edimAmi nnyeneke oforj edimNye'ep ikpa ukot edimNo enye glass enyinNo mi ijwed eke edediEma esio ndiseIfet iduheNyeneke ini mfinNso mbre ke amaAma ndibre tennis

En>e idehe idap ekemOduk idap ki idiok ini

Edemede ke usiere

Ini ama ekem eyem a rjkanika

Nyom owo kiet kpot

A beautiful door blind

A small table clotb

Two pilow cases

It will rain today

Bring an umbrellaYou should raiher bring a rain coat

I have no rain coat

I shall buy rain boots

Give him spectacles

Give me any bookPhotographs were taken

There is no chanceI have no time todavWhat game do you like

You like to play tennis

He does not sleep enoughPe goes to bed late

He wakes up at dawnWhen it is time the bell will be rungI want only one person

Ukemeke ndinyene se oyomdeAkamba owo nnyin aka isarj

Bet tutu enye onyon, ediAnie adiana enye?Udiana esie oworo nkoUdufiak udi nso ini?

Usen ita ama ebeTobo enye etop oroKufre enyekenMoto akabiara ke usunSop fehe kaEyedok se otodeUfien ye nnasiaKubet nsuij ikarj

Duk ubom nyorj

Edieke ebetde nsurj-ikan.

V. E. 38.

You can't get what you wantOur big man is on tourWait until he comes backWho is next to him?His assistant is out tooWhen will you come back?After three daysGive him that messageDon't forget the otherThe car broke down on the wayRun there quickly

You will reap what you sowLeft and right

Don't wait for the launchTake a canoe homeIf you wait for a launch

—57-

Eyebiat ini

Ini iduhe ndibiat

Kuyak edaha ekporj fi

Sin ofum nno mi

You will waste timeThere is no time to wasteDon't let them leave you behindInflate for me

Da efok nwed ita di

Ikpo mme mkpriSe afo enyenedeKubiat ini ukan oro

Idihe nte ami mmadeIfonke ye amiIkpemeke eyefon ye afo

Yak ndomo nse

Baba kutiat enye

Eda okpo enamEda ukuak enamEda eto enam enye

Ndien eda oforj efuk

Tuk isorj mfinMkporj afo odot ibibene

Yet isorj simen

Da suop yet enye

Oyoyom ediwak mm on

Ed mmorj iduhe

V. B. 89.

Bring three envelopesBig or small

Whatever you haveDon't waste more timeIt is not as I like

It is not good for meIt may be good for youLet me try it

No, don't extend it

It is made of rubberIt is made of steel

It is made of timberThen it is covered with cloth

Polish the floor todayPolish the walls tomorrowWash the cement floor

Wash it with soapIt will require much water

There is no good water

V. B. 40.

Mmorj enyemi isanake

Nyom edisana mmorjAnie edi oko?Oworo udiorjoke JohnKam se oforj esie

Ye ubok esie

Ye ibuot nkoKpukpru idemMme nso ke akanam?Mokut ndienOkoduo oduk mbat?Ortonode oduoJohn ekewere ke mbat?Baba IJkebre bol ke edim.

Ekebre ye anie

Ami ye Peter

Enye odu mmorj?Obun, ukot esie

Okobun ukot emen* eworo

This water is not clean

I want holy waterWho is that?

Don't you know JohnLook at his clothes

And his handsThe head also

The whole bodyI wonder what he was doingI see nowHe fell into mudHe slipped and fell

John did you role in the mud?No, I was playing ball in the rain

With whom were you playing

Peter and I

Where is he?

He broke his leg

He was carried out when he broke

his leg

-58—

Aka mm or) idaha emi?

Nka ndiyere mrnorj

Eka fo ama oyom ft

Ami nyeneke ekaNdoho eka-eka fo.

Mofiok se oyomde miDkodoho nka mmog?Oyom rjkoi mm on. nno imoMorj nnam idaha emiYak ijkemen abarj

Amayat esit

Anam didie ndien?Yak enye ayat

Hyetirj ono ete fo

Idibe akpa edi oroEyemia fi isarj emiMfcfehe ikpa

Qkereke ufen efen

Mikam idihe utre udia

Eyen eka fo do?Aka oko iyak

Edinyorj nso ini?

Idiwarake inyorj

Ama oko iyak amaEnye kowok ewokKe oro ebedeEyeka akana ke ntanAka ndiwebe eyoImaha ndiwebe ikarj

Edi utin eyesop osopEyo kosuhodeEbiet oyobio ke edi

Yak i sop inyorj ufokKuyak edim etim nnyinEnye eyefehe obohoIdibohoke mfinBet ke eyekutNkwe Peter mbubit eyo emiAsarja ye ete esie aka isarj

Edinyorj ini ewe?Ini eke mmo emade

Where are you going now?

V. E. 41

I am going to have a bathYour mother wanted youI have no motherI mean your grand motherI know what you want here

Where did you want me to go?She wants me to fetch water for herI will do it nowLet me go and get a pot

She was annoyedWhat about it?

Let her be angryShe will tell your father

That is not the first timeHe will flog you this timeI dread flogging

I do not mind any other punisbmenApart from fasting

Is your brother there?

He went fishing

V. B. 42

When will be be back?He will not be back soonWhen he finishes fishing

She is swimmingAfter that

She will go and lie on the sandShe has gone to dry herself in the sunShe doesn't like to warm herself

with the fire

But the sun will soon set

The sun is going downIt seems there will be a stormLet's go home quickly

Let the rain not beat us

He will run to safety

He will not escape todayWait and you will see

1 don't see Peter this eveningHe has gone on a walk with his father

• R- 48.

When will they come back?When it suits them

-59-

Tie do bet cnyeNkemeke ndibet abaAna nsim ufok ke eti ini

Emekeme ndikut mmo ke usuij

Yak edi ntre

Ete ete Francis odorjo

Ekpere ndikpaYak ikiborj akam ino enyeKe ini uven esie

Ekesinim ke mmorjNie iyak

Tona okosorj

Eyere ufiop mmorj kpukpru usenUdia idoijke enye abaEtie ke ufak kpukpru ini

Etie anam nso?

Inamke rjkpo

Kebede ndiwon esikorj

Wait there for himI cannot wait any moreI have to reach home in time

You can meet them on the wayLet it be so

Francis' grandfather is sick

He is near dyingLet's go and pray for himIn his early years

Where do you use to keep it

Like fish

Since she became old

She takes a hot bath everyday

She no longer feels hungryShe stays at home always

What does she stay to do?

She does nothing

Except smoking a pipe

V. E- 44.

Oworo isikotke nwed?Kutin iko abaOyom ndide idap

Awak nditetie ndeUbak owo edada ede

Ubak esasarja edeNso ke osop isarj ntre?

rjka ndisobo Efiong OkureNsehe nte eyekut enye

Ke mfon Abasi nyekut enye

Nkokut asarjade ye police

Nso konyurj anam rjko?

Ye mkpokobi ke ubakEte ekeyip ino

Edi enye idihe ino

Ikpemeke ekesin efube

Midihe asarja use

Nkereke ntre

Kuda unwoip uno enyeAwak ndika ufok akpara

Does it mean she does not read?

Do not speak any moreShe wants to sleep

She usually sleeps sitting downSome people sleep standingSome sleep walkingWhy do you walk so fast?

I am going to meet Efiong OkureI do not think you will see himBy the grace of God I'll see himI saw him walking with a policemanWhat has he done again?

With chains on his handsHe is said to have stolen

But be is not a thief

May be he committed adultery

Otherwise he committed fornication

I do not think soDo not swear for himHe often goes to a brothel

V. E. 45.

Se mhokdc edi oro

Ebup enye akarj

That is what I knowIf he is asked he denies

-66-

Edi ata owo nsuJnworjO enyirj Abasi mfefere-mfefereOnwoijo enyirj Abasi ke nsuEkpedi ekemeOkpowot owoJsorjkesorj enyeNdisin ibok no owoKuyak enye otuk fi abaEbihi rjkokut fi

Nkoduhe ke ufokOkodu ke mmoijNkaki ndise eyen eka miKusu nsuNkop ete okodu ke ufok akamAnie eke tin/ eno fi?

Akpantko mme nsu?

Oyoho ofion udihe ederi

Nket;e Mass usen inarj

He is a great liar

He takes God's name lightly

He takes God's name in falsehood

If he couldHe would kill someoneIt is not difficult for himTo poison someoneDo not let him tcich you again

It's a long time sii.ee I saw youI was not at homeWhere were youI went to see my sister

Do not tell a lie

I heard you were in a prayer house

Who told you?Is it true or fal>e?

You have not attended service for

a monthi missed Mass for four da>s

V. R. 46.

Ama aka ufok akam?Ndisuho nsuMma nka ini kiet

Eyen mi okodorjoEkenam nso eno Fi?

Eked oh a n.im uwaMma nnam uwa oro

Mma rjka idion. rjko

Oworo edikarj AbasiAmakarj mbuotidem fo

Nsa mi—

o

Se afo anamdet)woro ntre

Dahado no miKpe Abasi ubok no miAbasi efen fi

Sosoijo eti eti

Kunam ntre abaNdinamke abaNso ke enam ko?

Did you go to a prayer house?I will not tell a lie

I went there onceMy child was sick

What did they do for you?I was told to make a sacrifice

I made the sacrifice

I consulted a fortune teller also

That means renouncing GodYou have denied your faith

God forbid

What you have doneMeans that

Forgive meAsk God's pardon for meGod has forgiven youThank you very muchDo not do so again

I will not do that againWhat is happening there?

Uyom okpon do eti eti

Ebre unekDo ke afo aka?

V. B. 47.

There is much noise there

It's a ball room danceAre you going there?

61

Afo asarja ikponMkpasarja ye anie

Ye nwan fo

Nyeneke nwanKa ke emenyeneNtirj akpanikoNse nte amanam ndoNamke ndo karja

Mbupke-bup nwan kaqaOdurj ye anie

Ndun ye eka miKe ufok eyen eka miEbe akakpa ebrmNso ke ok or) a oroIkpuikpu udukNse nte edi ibok

You are walking aloneWith whom should I walkWith your wife

I have no wife

O! you haveI am speaking the truth

I thought you weddedI have not wedded yet

I have not yet engaged anyoneWith whom are you living

I am living with my motherIn my brother's houseMy husband died last yearWhat's that on your neckNothing but a string

I think it is juju

V. B. 48.

Nyeneke ibokMmenyene ibok ke ufokUkobo okpon ono miKa kabiat enyeEnyene ndikpono Abasi kiet

Mma nnam okposorj utomKe usen ederi

Mma rjkere idiok ekikere

Mma ntirj idiok iko

Mma nse idiok ndise

Mma mbre idiok mbreTirj se akanamdeTirj inwarj-inwarj

Kukop butTin surj_surj

Kutirj uyo osorj

Uyo osorj akahaNkopkeTirj uyo oworoTirj anwarja

I have no juju

I have juju at homeI have a Jot of worriesGo and destroy it

You ought worship one GodI did a difficult workOn SundayI had bad thoughtsI spoke bad wordsI had bad looks1 played bad playSay what you didSpeak plainly

Do not be ashamedSpeak slowly

Do not speak loudIt is too loudI do not hearSpeak louderSpeak clearly

Ekere didie abarja enye?Ebiet mi adadamaEdi owo ntarj-idemEdi owo emeraEdi owo afanikorj

Edi owo isin enyin

V. B. 49.

What do you think of him?It seems he is madHe is a proud personHe is a man of peaceHe is a troublesome personShe is a jealous person

-62—

Edi owo is or) esit

Edi owo ukoEdi owo ufupEdi owo ntimeEdi owo nnan enyinEdi owo idiok it 05Edi ubucneEdi enyene gkpo owoEdi owo ifu

Edi owo asian

Edi owo mbukEdi owo mbubikOyom etic didie ?

Nam onion,

He is a heart-hearted person

He is a brave maoHe is an envious person

She is a troublesome person

He is a man of trouble

She is a greedy person

She is poorShe is rich

She is lazy

She is proudShe is a backbiter

She is wickedHow do you like it to be?

Make it long

V. B. 50.

Nyom edi anyanNam omuhoAkpana oniarj

Ekedi obubitOfon edi afia

Nyom edi awa-awaNyomke mmorj ibosj

Mma ndandat rjkan

Etie ekara ekaraOdobi akan emiNkemeke ndibiom enyeAnwarja eti-tti

Inwarjake ikemOfuro ke ufuotMben inenkeAwaha ke mbenIbuot ebeheUkot iburjoke

Esibe ubok kiet

Enyene utorj iba

I want it tall

Make it short

It should be long

It was black

It is good for it to be white

I want it green

I do not want violet

I prefer red

It is roundIt is heavier th*n this

1 csnnot carry it

It is very wideIt is not wide enoughIt is narrow in the middleThe edge is not straight

It is torn at the edgeThe head has fallen off

The leg is not brokenOne hand is cut

He has two ears

V. E. 61.

Enyin kiet etibc

Edet ebehe kpukpruSisuhode ededeheAna eyet ekwohodeBon mma ke mkpotunoKorj emi ke windowDa ke enyin usurj

Tie ke ufuot ufok

One eye is burst

The teeth are all goneWhat is left is dirty

It has to be washed and ironed

Put them at the corner

Hang this on the windowStand at the entrance

Sit in the parlour

-63-

Ino odu ke ubet

Okon obon ndito iba

Nwan esie imanke eyen

Idibi okobuburjoAsana ye idibi

Oyomo idibi

Ama osiorjo idibi ini kiet

Akanam ami mbiatke idibi

Nkesinke nwan owo idibi

Nkanwamke enye ndisioqo idibi

Nketeme cnye owo emi ofiokde

ndinamEnye odorj owo efen idiorj

There is a thief in the roomOkon has two children

His wife has not given birth

She had miscarriage

She is pregnantShe is pregnantShe committed abortion onceI have never committed abortionI did not pregnate a man's wife

I did not assist her to abortI told her who can do it

She sent another person to afortune teller

V. E. 52.

Ete esie iduohoke enyeIdaha ete ye eka nte nkpoAnam se amadeEyekut se oyomdeMidihe mfin rjkporj

Emenim ndap ke akpaniko?Kpono ikpo owoKusuiji ete fo

Udo edi eyen nsorj ibuot

Ama rmo eka esie unanAwak ndisuene eka esie

Ama oyom ndiwot idem esie

Okuduk idiok nsarja

Owo okotun enye usurj

Kusin owo ke idioknkpo

Kuno mi idiok item

Nyomke ndisiorjo usiene

Udia iyuhoke miEfere enemEdi usurj ikponke

His father does not blame himHe has no regard for his parentsShe acts as she likes

She will get what she wantsIf not today tomorrowDo you believe «n dreams?Respect elderly people

Do not curse your father

Udo is a strong headed boyShe injured her motherShe often disgraces her motherShe wanted to kill herself

She kept bad companyShe was misledDo not lead a person to sin

Do not give me bad counsel

I do not want revengeI am not satisfied

The sauce is sweet

But fofo is not big

Nam udia efen no miNkp3 iduhe ke ufok

Edesi do ediwakTem ekpri no enyeMmorj iduheDi bo mmorj ke ufok miEdim ama obon ifia

V. E. 58.

Prepare another meal for meThere is nothing in the houseThere is plenty of rice

Cook a little for himThere is no waterCome and get water from my houseRain had beaten fire wood

-64—

Ikarj jsakke

Anwana ndiyom ntakAfo ke idem mfo omokutYak eka fo onyorj inwarj

Oyom nso?

Nyom ekpe mi okuk utomEma ekpekpe fi okukEkeno Joho okuk esok fi

Odoho bon duop oro?Akana eda oro edep rjkpo utomOkuk ubok utom edi isio

Edi ifarj?

Ban itiaba

Fire does not burnYou are trying to find a reason

You see it yourself

Let your mother return from the

farmWhat do you want?

I want to be paid for my workYou were paid already

John was given money to bring to youDo you mean the ten pounds?That was for buying materials

Workmanship is different

How much is it?

Seven pounds

V. B. 54.

Osorj udua akabaNyeneke nsim oroOyom ndikpe ifan

Bon iba

Utu ke oro nnacu ikpuikpuOro ikemke rjkpo ndomo kiet

Kutuk miNyomke ndituk fi

Afo rjko kutuk miY*k edi bon ita

Bup owo eke odiorjode

E>ekut ete utom oro osorj

Enye onyuq anam nyime ntre

Oworo ubiat ini

Utom oro eyeda usen inarj

Ana mkpe owo nsinYe rjkpo utom emi ndepdeEdi ntre yak nyom owo efen

Edieke amade kpe bon ition

Nda ke mmorj?

That is too muchI haven't so muchHow much do you want to payTwo poundsInstead of that I do it free

That is nothing at all

Do not cheat meI do not want to cheat youYou should net cheat roe either

Let it be three poundsAsk anybody who knowsYou will see that the work is hardThat is why I offer so muchIt is a waste of time

That work will take four daysI have to employ workersAnd the tools I buyIf so let me look for another personPay five pounds if you like

Where do I get it?

V. E. 55.

Eyekpe inarj ye duopBabaAkpatre edi oroEmenyime rjkpe fi ke mbakInamke rjkpo

Emekeme nditorjo urom

Will vou pay four pounds ten

NoThat is the last

Do you agree that I pay in parts

It does not matter

You can start work

65

Eyetorp mfin?Nditotp udua efen

Makama utom efen ke ubokMbop ufok eka anwan mmiNyekure enye oro udua emiUdua efen ntorp okuoEtisim ofio j kiet mokire

Will you start today?1 will start next weekI have another work at handI am building for my mother-in-lawI shall finish that this weekI'll begin yours next weekI will finish it within a mcnth

XXXXXxxxx

xxxxxx

-$6

ft

-USEFUL INFORMATION

The student is advised to read the following books in

this order ;

1. Akpa nwed ke Iko Efik

2. Udiana Edikot nwed

3. Mbuk Ekim ye Unwana

4. Edikot rjwed mbuk Vol. 1

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10. Mutanda oyom Namondo

by E. A. Eyo

by E. N. Amaku

>1 ?» 5>

55 ?> }•>

'» 'J JJ

J5 9' 5'

>» 9? J5

E. E. Nkarja

There is also a large number of Efik ballads in

(5k or 10k) pamphlets.

NOTES

NOTES

Printed byMODERN BUSINESS PRESS

55 ORON ROAD, UYOPHONE UYO 74