android o.s and application

IntroductionMotivation

ArchitectureApplication Life cycle

FeaturesLimitations

Conclusion and Future Scope

University of Calcutta

ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM AND

APPLICATIONS

MCA-P-21

Madhurima Banerjee (91/MCA/130014)Aloke Kantal (91/MCA/130029)

Debparna Lahiri (91/MCA/130009)

22nd August 2013

A.K.C.S.I.T 22nd August 2013 ANDROID O.S AND APPLICATIONS 1 / 21

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Content

Introduction

Motivation

Architecture

Application Life cycle

Features

Limitations

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Introduction

What is Android?

It is a freely downloadable open source software stack formobile device that includes an operating system, middle wareand key applications based on Linux and Java

• It was developed in 2003 in Palo Alto, California by AndyRubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White[2]

• It was purchased by Google in August 2005, developed andunveiled in November 2007[2]

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Introduction

What is Android?

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Introduction

What is Android?

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Open Handset Alliance[2]

• Android was made open for developing to the OpenHandset Alliance(OHA)

• It is a consortium of several hardware, software, andtelecommunication companies

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What makes Android special?[1]

Android is the first environment that combines the followings

• Open source

• Layered architecture style

• Various built-in services

• Automatic management of application life cycle

• High quality graphics and sound

• High portability

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• Open source

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• Open source

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• Open source

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• Open source

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• Open source

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• Open source

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Architecture[1]

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Linux Kernel

1 Use Linux Kernel 2.6 for core system services• Memory and Process Management• Network Stack• Driver Model• Security Settings

2 Provides an abstraction layer between the hardware andthe rest of the software stack

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Native Libraries

1 C/C++ libraries compiled for the particular hardwarearchitecture

2 some libraries are• Surface Manager• OpenGL• Media Framework• WebKit• libc(System C libraries)• SQLite

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Android Runtime

• Core Libraries• provides most of the functionality that is available in the

core libraries of the Java Language• Application Programming Interface(APIs)

• Data structure• File access• Network access

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Android Runtime(continued)

• Dalvik Virtual Machine• provides a custom built virtual machine for the application

to run

• it is independent of hardware• support multiple virtual machine process• DVM runs .dex files,which are converted at compile time

from standard .class and .jar file

• relies on LINUX kernel for threading and low level memorymanagement

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to run• it is independent of hardware

• support multiple virtual machine process• DVM runs .dex files,which are converted at compile time

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to run• it is independent of hardware• support multiple virtual machine process

• DVM runs .dex files,which are converted at compile timefrom standard .class and .jar file

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to run• it is independent of hardware• support multiple virtual machine process• DVM runs .dex files,which are converted at compile time

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to run• it is independent of hardware• support multiple virtual machine process• DVM runs .dex files,which are converted at compile time

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Application Framework

1 Enables and simplifies the reuse of components

2 some important part of the framework• Activity Manager• Content Provider• Resource Manager• Location Manager• Telephony Manager

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Application and Widgets Layer

1 Android provides a set of core Applications• email client• sms program• maps• browser• GPS

2 All applications written are usually in Java Language

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Comparison between Android and iOS

Architecture of iOS[4]

• Apple doesnt allow any third party developer to look intoand work in any of the architecture level.

• Developers can only interact through one little windowcalled Cocoa

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Comparison between Android and

iOS(continued)[4]

Android is more popular than iOS for the following reasons

Features Android iOS

Access to source code Allows Does not allow

Development in architectural layer allows Does not allow

Virtual Machine Provided Not provided

Portability Allows Does not allow

Application development Language Java: Widely used by programmers Objective-C

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Life cycle of the applications[1]

Each of an Android Program can be in one of the several statesas shown below

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Features of Android

1 Storage: SQLite is used as a engine

2 ConnectivityAndroid supports wireless communication using

• 3G and 4G network• Wi-Fi network• Bluetooth connectivity

3 Dalvik Virtual Machine

4 Audio and video codecs

5 Capable of using outside hardware like GPS, accelerometer.

6 2D and 3D graphics APIs with hardware

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Features of Android

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Features of Android

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Features of Android

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Features of Android

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Features of Android

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Security risks in Android[1][3]

• Android allows rooting

• Malware can easily breach mobile’s security

• Network exploit

• Misuse available resources and services

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Other Limitations

• Android operating system uses more amount of battery ascompared to normal mobile phones

• Most Android phones require a simultaneous Internetconnection alias continuously active

• Advertising : Many Applications are for free, but it usuallydisplays ads, either on the top or bottom of theapplications; which can often lead to instability.

• Only one application can run in foreground[1]

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Other Limitations

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Other Limitations

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Conclusion and Future scope

The above study of Android Operating System leads to thefollowing conclusions

• There are chances of Android may become the widely soldand used operating system in world.

• If Google enhances and launches Android as a operatingsystem for PC then it would give competition to otheravailable Operating Systems

• Development of more secure applications.

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Reference

1 ”Hello Android”-3rd edition written by Ed Burnette

2 www.wikipedia.com

3 www.bullgaurd.com

4 Paper published by University of Dakota in Ninthinternational conference on Information Technology

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Thank You!