Challenges and conservation of Tangible and Intangible heritage in

historic center: cases studies in Andalusia (Spain)

European countries of similar size to Andalusia

Scotland 78.132 km2 5,2 millones hab. 64 hab/km2

UK 122.144 km2 46,4 millones hab. 383 hab/km2

Portugal 91.906 km2 11,3 millones hab. 123 hab/km2

Moldova 33.843 km2 4,6 millones hab. 136 hab/km2

Belgium 30.158 km2 10,3 millones hab. 338 hab/km2

Hungary 93.029 km2 10,1 millones hab. 110 hab/km2

Andalusía 87.595 km2 8,4 millones hab. 94 hab/km2

Andalusía

Situation of Andalusia

Andalusía connection European-Áfrican

MoldovaCahul

Andalusia

System citiesAndalusia’s very balanced city system is based on a network of unpolarize cities, and one or two major urban centers as in other regions of Europe. This situation gives Andalusia, a variety of urban environments very rich and varied. Andalusia has nine sets urban regional center level, complemented by a system of medium-sized cities and networks of towns in rural areas that ensure a stable settlement distributed throughout its territory.

This system of cities, represents one of its main social and economic heritage. At the same time, it has some defining characteristics that give it an unique position to adapt its structure to the requirements of sustainability, such as its polycentricity, social and functional diversity and compactness. 

The City we want: Compact or integrated, democratic and participatory ... The Living City

The compact city, complex, efficient, cohesive is where we meet the parameters of environmental sustainability, energy and economic exploitation of its natural resources.

Sustainability must be not just environmental but democratic.

Democracy is based on the active participation of the population. In order for neighborhoods to be regenerated, they should be full of life..

The metabolism of the city should be driven by its inhabitants.

Diffuse city, dispersedThis Mediterranean city model has been transformed in the last 25 years, embracing another model imported from other cultural areas, based in the creation of a diffuse city and that functionally separates and segregates the population into the territory based on their economic capacity.

The dispersion causes an unsustainable growth model that creates the following negative impacts: To reduce natural spaces, to break the proximity trading system, a detachment towards everyday spaces, a loss of social cohesion, increased mobility needs or increased energy expenditure, water consumption or rate of generation of waste.

This type of city provokes increased consumption of resources: land, materials, water and energy. This is a trend that continues as the opposite path to urban sustainability.

In Spain the responsibility for planning and housing are the Regional Governments

The Central Government mark global criteria in housing policy, on this basis, each region independently legislate according to their needs and criteria.

Andalusia is a Regional Government with responsibility for Urban Planning and Housing since 1984.

Sustainable Development Strategies

Generating projects and actions that change

mentalities towards urban sustainability

For example: The bike-lane in Seville (2007), it is more

than one type of green transport, it is generating a change of mentality in the city: in its use, as we value our public space, creating a

collective knowledge greener and

environmental ...

Centros históricosAn integrated approach to

urban policy means:

Changing mindsets

Generate Knowledge

Innovate urban management

Responsible participation

Rediscovering neighborhoods, key

elements of a Living City

• Why to define a Project of Renovation in Historical City?

• Historical cities has :• Urban, social and heritage degraded environments,

challenges accessibility and habitable standards, lack of life quality, pollution and marginalisation...

• The overall target of the Project are, • To regenerate, revitalize and recover the urban, social

and cultural heritage.• To support and strength the economic activities

(touristic assets, shop, services…) and to support employment creation.

• To regenerate live in the Historical City.

• It is needed :• Political commitment and leadership.• Urban management tools.• To define a global revitalization and regeneration city

project.• To promove the involvement of people, stakeholders,

cultural agrupation… Feed-back

• Weaknesses • The ageing of the population.• Residents depopulation• High unemployment• Buildings have deteriorated.• Accessibility Problems• Environmental and Landscape

contamination• Urban compact and inaccessible (Albaicin

was islamic city).• Housings empty.• Inmigration and poverty.• Low economic activity

• Menaces• Disappearance resident population.• Increase Urban deterioration.• Monument Heritage rescue.• Obstacle to buildings rehabilitation.• Failure political of rehabilitation.• Put up of price of housing.• Excessive use of private vehicles.

• Strengths• Historical and Heritage richness• Identification resident population• Diversified range of commerce activies.• Public Services (social care).• Leisure and free time attraction• high quality in accommodation services for

tourism development.• Citizen and civil associations support to Historical

Center.• Tradition tourist activities.

• Opportunities• Tourist Image.• University Buildings• New residents parkings.• Creation Open Comercial Center. (shops

association).• Introduce tourist voucher.• To make our citizens awake of the Urban Problem.• To recover the interest about Center.• Urban Planning of Historic Center.• Specialized Urban Management System.• To lead Metropolitan transformation.

SWOT Analysis of a Historical City

The city is the problem, but it is the solution

Convert weakness into opportunities

Keys of new model:

TerritorialityIntegralityParticipation

We must build a management model based on:

Integrality: Addressing jointly coordinated and planned the necessary actions to address the problems of the city, looking for the potential of the city and the people.

Territoriality: Having the territory. Generate solutions adapted to the territory both in the organizational model, resources and methodology.

Participation: It is necessary the presence and involvement of the residents to decide what neighborhood/city want.

Who´s decide, as it will be a Proyect of renovation in the historical city?

The politician…? The technicals experts…? The citizens….? Or better.. All togheter…

The people ask:

When ?Where ?What ?Who ?

Participation is:

Listening Learning Sharing

Technique for stimulate/promote participation. Workshop

1 Having the territory, flexibility: Adaptation to singularity of each city

Diagnosis, analysis, urban and social structure, uses of the building, heritage values , public facilities, accessibility, physical condition of buildings, distortions urban,

planning analysis, legislation ...

Intervention from knowledge. The integral actions must be based on knowledge of the territory

2

Traditional wood cover, integrate new technologies Recovering traditional crafts

Management instrument: Specialized Offices

Social: Support programs for the elderly, immigrants ...

Heritage: Policies to improve knowledge of the historical city

3

3 Actions to produce a change in attitude towards society and we manage urban projects.

Action 1Heritage and tourism.

Cultural-heritage-tourism can be a good combination to revalue the city, although we should target a tourism that looks for the quality and authenticity, which is called motivational tourism, and which is quantitative smaller than the one generated by the tour-operators. However this kind of tourism-cultural that interests us make our historic cities attractive because it puts into value their greater spending power and lower environmental impact, and targets a visitor who is an experienced traveler and who demands quality and authenticity.

If we know our ideal tourist profile, we have to ask ourselves what must we do to attract him?. Each city must give the right answer to this question, as we have commented, by applying quality criteria based on diversity, authenticity, sustainability, which are necessary and essential to not break values and to allow the city the balance between economic development and the active protection of its heritage and urban activity that occurs on a day to day of a pulsating city living.

 The historic city wants this cultural tourism, which is outside of the big tour-operators, and which is based on autodidactic approach, and which investigates the city and its cultural events. It is also mixed in its activities (gastronomic, entertainment, folklore, cultural), and sets its own routes and heritage itineraries of those who are eager for knowledge...

It is the visitor who will spend the night in the city, with high purchasing power, respectful with city, and probably will repeat visits and thus can become a frequent regular temporary citizen.

Intangible - Tangible Heritage

Is it posibble to join heritage conservation measures and economic activities: flamenco tourism…?

April Fair in Seville Flamenco performance

Teruo Kabaya, is Japanese. He lives in Tokyo seven months, and 5 months in Granada. He enjoys flamenco (guitar), and he wants to know Spanish

culture, gastronomy… He loves Albaicin and Granada city.

Teruo Kabaya bought a building on the square Carvajales (Albaicin. Granada). He will want to live in the Albaicin. But at the same time, he will

want to create a small workshop of flamenco.

Is this possible?, Housing rehabilitation combined with a flamenco workshop

Recover handicrafts, traditional techniques woodworking, combined with new technologies. (Intangible Heritage)

Interior courtyard and facade. Once rehabilitated building.Contrasts the wealth of the interior courtyard with the simplicity of the

facade. (very common in Albaicin´s homes)

Teruo Kabaya now lives in his Albaicin´s house. But on the ground floor there is a flamenco workshop and 3 housing. Teruo Kabaya rents this housing

protected price for 10 years to low income families. We combined tangible and intangible heritage. (1bedroom housing is rented at 80 € /month)

courtyard and rooms used for flamenco workshop

Action 2Recovering urban identity, cultural, social and heritage.

Rehabilitate and restore the city built giving life, sustainable action that we take our resources: urban, social and economic.

Liberated galleries, courtyards, hallways occupied irregularly to improve habitability of the building and create opportunities for quality and local coexistence.

Recover lifestyles associated with the house-courtyard

Leipzig Charter: Interaction between architecture and urban planning and human create attractive spaces.

Baulkultur Concept: “Building culture". The addition of all aspects: cultural, economic, social, technological and ecological that have influence in quality and the process of construction of the city.

Recovering urban identity, cultural and social. (Intagible Heritage)

Where does it begin the public space of the city?. Maybe, galleries, courtyards are street or square.

Lifestyles associated with the urban. The housing is integrated in the city.

This is a courtyards for shared use (of the neighbors who live in the building). But it is used as an extension of the house owner.  Where does it begin the public and private space?.In Mediterranean culture, the courtyards of the houses are the beginning of the street, in the square. The courtyard is also a meeting place, the neighbors courtyards  enables  a citizen relationship

The altar of a Church, its symbols, its religious representation.   It is very introduced in the memory of citizens ... These symbols are copied into the daily lives of people, in the decorations of the house, the courtyard.. Identity. INTANGIBLE HERITAGE.

Berta: own a building of 5 housing, with a total constructed area of 485 m2. Each housing has about 58m2.

Urban Negotiation: Be able to rehabilitate

2 housing are occupied by Berta and the tenant, 3 empty housing that Berta “temporal concession” to Regional Government for 5 years.

Berta rents this housing protected price for 10 years to low income families. ( housing 3 bedroom is rented at 140 € /month)

Berta investment…. 125.000€Public funds………….162.000€

Total…… 287.000€(data 2004)

2 years negotiation with Berta.

Start work 2004. Work End 2006.

Urban management innovation: Negotiation and AgreementAction 3

The answer is in the Micro?

Rehabilitating one building,

Can be considered a strategy for cohesion policy ?

Urban management innovation: Negotiation and Agreement

Recovery of hidden elements in the Moorish house

Structural reinforcements and recoveryspatial courtyard of the house Moorish

Recover handicrafts, traditional techniques woodworking, combined with new technologies. (Intangible Heritage)

Each action must generate a “plus” credibility of the public in the city.

Maintaining a critical vision and analytical, permanently in the intervention development.

Adapting to the changing realities of the city

Politicians of the Regional Government        President Association Battered Women                              President Immigrant Assistance NGO

A multicultural city, we all do town. (Intangible heritage)

Neighborhoods/historic centers with citizenship: the city for citizens

The best of project is our people

Thanks for your attention.Federico Salmerón. Email: federico18009@gmail.com