Vot. 68, 1989

Abstracts of the Articles Printed in Hakkokogaku Kaishi

V o l . 67 , N o . 4 ( 1 9 8 9 )

Identification and Measurement of "Mureka" in Sake.* AKIRA NISH1MURA,* KYOICHI KONDO, E1GORO NAKAZAWA, HIDEO MISHIMA, and SmGEZO TAKEMURA (Hakutsuru Sake Brewing Co., Ltd., 4-5-5 Sumiyoshi, Minamimachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo-ken 658, Japan) Hakkokogaku 67: 237-244. 1989.

An unfavourable and characteristic smell is often formed in non- pasteurized sake during storage and commercial distribution at room temperature. We named it "Mureka" and analyzed it by GC, GC-MS, and cooperative use of newly developed aparatus: Thermal Desorp- tion Cold Trap Injector (TCT) system and Purge and Cold Trap Injec- tor (PTI) system for concentrating volatiles. Three compounds caus- ing "Mureka" were isolated from lower volatiles and were identified as iso-valeraldehyde (i-Val), ethyl iso-valerate (EtOVal), and 1,1- diethoxy-3-methylbutane (1,1-DEB) by their GC retention time and mass spectra. Measurement of these 3 compounds was also done by GC-MS with the PTI system, feasible instruments for traces of volatiles.

* Corresponding author. Studies on "Mureka" of Sake (I).

Mass Transfer in an Immobilized AI Aiginate Gel. KAZUHIRO YAMADE,* MASAKI YOSHIDA, and SusuMu FUKUSHIMA (Department o f Chemical Engineering, Faculty o f Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564, Japan) Hakkokogaku 67: 245-253. 1989.

Yeast cells immobilized with A1 alginate, which has AI ions for the Ca of Ca alginate, had improved stability and mechanical strength, the effective diffusivity of glucose in AI alginate was de- creased. The relationship between the effective diffusivity, (De), and the concentrat ion of Na alginate, (Ca), is shown as follows:

De~Do 1.00 1.32x10 2Ca+9.52xlO 5Ca Here Do is a reference diffusivity. The rate of glucose consumpt ion per unit weight of cells in the immobilized growing yeast cells was decreased because the resistance of mass transfer of the immobilized growing yeast cells was increased by the growth of the yeast, and the yeast cells on the surface of the immobilized particles almost con- sumed the glucose. But the rate of glucose consumpt ion per unit volume of immobilized particles was higher than that of the immobi- lized resting yeast cells because the concentrat ion of yeast cells in the gel was increased.

* Corresponding author.

Anaerobic Digestion of Artificial Wastewater Containing Cellulose by a Membrane Reactor. EISUKE KAYAWAKE, t* SACHIO TOHYA, 2 MINORU ROKUDAI, 3 YASUTOSHI SH1MIZU, 4 SHIGERU HONDA, 5 RYUTARO TANAKA, 6 and KIYOHISA

EGUCH17 ( Water and Sewage Plant Div., Ceramic Membrane Project Team, Kubota Ltd., 2-47, Shikitsuhigashi 1-chome, Naniwa-ku, Osaka 556, ~ Heavy Apparatus Engineering Laboratory Fuchu Works, Tohshiba Corporation, 1 Tohshiba-cho, Fuchu-city, Tokyo 183, 2 Engineering Business group, NGK Insulators Ltd.. 2-56 Suda-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 457, 3 R & D Div. Water Research Lab., Toto Ltd., 1-1, Nakashima 2-chome, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu-city 802, 4 Material Chemistry Dept., 5 Organic Material Dept., 6 Glass and Ceramic Material Dept., Government Industrial Research Institute, Osaka 8-31, Midorigaoka 1-chome, Ikedashi, Osaka 563, 7 Japan) Hakkokogaku 67: 255-261. 1989.

Anaerobic digestion of an artificial wastewater containing cellulose powder was done using a cell-recycling bioreactor with a ceramic membrance module. Cellulose removal and gas production were 9 5 - 9 8 ~ and 1.2 I/g.cellulose-fed under cellulose loading rates of about 1.7 g/I. d. Although the microbial celt concentration increased from 5 to 15 g/l after 150 d. Filtration flux could be held at about 0 .4m3/m2.d . Cellulase is bound with or adheres to the surfaces of microbial cells or cellulose, and is retained in the bioreactor. Thus , the cont inuous bioreactor system could be operated satisfactorily for a long (150d) term.

* Corresponding author.

Two-Phase Anaerobic Treatment of Wastewater Containing Organic Solids. AKIHIKO HOGETSU* and YOSHIO TAKAMURA (Shinko-Pfaudler Co., Ltd., Engineering Dept., Environmental System Div., 1-4-78 Wakinohama-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 651, Japan) Hakkokogaku 67: 263-269. 1989.

The organic suspended solids in wastewater are solubilized by ex- tracellular enzymes synthesized by a broad spectrum of bacteria and then degradaded into various fatty acids and finally converted to biogas and microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. Single-phase anaerobic processes, with advantages of simplicity of system and easy operation, have been generally used in industrial wastewater treat- ment. However, the volatile acids produced in the anaerobic reactor have been considered to inhibit methane bacteria. On the other hand, a few studies on two-phase anaerobic process have been reported, in which acids fermentation and methane fermentat ion are done separately. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of two- phase anaerobic processes and obtain data on the degradation proper- ties of solid-starch wastewater. The results showed the op t imum pH range and TOD volumetric loading rate for hydrolysis of solid starch and the relations among TOD volumetric loading rate in a methanizer reactor, TOD removal, and gas production rate.

* Corresponding author.

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