anaerobic digestion - ese ... anaerobic digestion naerobic digestion is a process that occurs...

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ANAEROBIC Digestion

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naerobic digestion is a process that occurs naturally when organic waste decomposes in the absence of oxygen. Bacteria converts the material to biogas which is approximately 60% methane. This biogas is used to generate electricity, heat, natural gas, or motor vehicle fuel (biomethane). The material that remains is used as a low-cost high- value soil amendment.

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• Renewable energy – natural

gas, electricity, motor vehicle fuel (CNG/LNG)

• Animal bedding, peat

alternative and compost • Concentrated fertilizer with

capacity for (P) separation • Reduced greenhouse gas

emissions, cleaner air, soil and water

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ANAEROBIC Digestion – Outputs

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Germany’s land mass as compared to that of the United States.

Germany, which has the largest installed base of solar and the third largest installed base of wind gets 1more renewable energy from organic materials than wind and solar combined. In 2011, Germany had approximately 6,800 biogas facilities generating 2,300 MW of electricity. That’s the equivalent of 2207,300 gge per hour. 1.7 billion gallons of renewable fuel per year! Germany is approximately the size of Montana. REFERENCES:

1. Renewable Energy World: Integrating Anaerobic Digestion into our Culture Part 2 2. Assumptions: 3,412,142 BTU=1MW, Standard Electric Generator Efficiency – 33.2%, 114,000 BTU = 1gge

POTENTIAL the German Industry

http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2012/01/integrating-anaerobic-digestion-into-our-culture-part-2-stats-reality-and-the-future

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U. S. INDUSTRY Current Snapshot

• 1192 anaerobic digester systems are operating at commercial livestock farms in the United States.

• These systems have the ability to generate more than 66 MW of electricity each hour.

• The average U.S. system creates enough biogas to operate a 350 kW rated generator.

• The U.S. AD industry is about 3% the size of the German industry.

REFERENCES: 1. AgSTAR Website: Operating Anaerobic Digestion Projects Note: The AgSTAR database only tracks agricultural anaerobic digestion projects

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1 AgSTAR Map of Operational Digester Systems

http://www.epa.gov/agstar/projects/index.html

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NY INDUSTRY Potential

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POTENTIAL IN NEW YORK STATE New York is third in the U.S. for milk production. The Innovation Center for US Dairy ranks New York among the top 10 largest dairy states and notes that the state has high organic substrate availability – making it optimal for deployment of anaerobic digestion technology. 1

There are currently 26 anaerobic digesters operating at commercial livestock farms in New York.

1. Innovation Center for US Dairy National Market Value of Anaerobic Digester Products 2. Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences

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NY INDUSTRY Types of Anaerobic Digesters

Complete Mix: Number in New York: 9 A complete mix digester is sealed, mixed and heated utilizing less than 10% of the energy produced from the system itself. Typically biomass is introduced into the digester with 3% to 15% solids that are pumpable with COD concentrations of approximately 150,000.

quasar currently has 2 anaerobic digesters under construction in the Buffalo and Niagara areas of New York.

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quasar facility in Rutland, Massachusetts

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NY INDUSTRY Types of Anaerobic Digesters

Covered Lagoon: Number in New York: 6 An earthen lagoon with a cover to contain and facilitate collection of biogas; the least expensive type of digester to install and operate. It is also the least controlled system with the lowest gas production. In northern climates, there may be no gas production in cold weather. They are best suited for flush manure collection systems with total solids of 0.5% to 3%. 1

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Plug Flow: Number in New York: 11 Long, rectangular concrete tanks with an air-tight cover where manure flows in one end and out the other. The tank is typically heated, often using recovered heat from the biogas burner. Plug flow digesters require 11% to 13% total solids in the manure and work well with scraped dairy manure. 1

1. Innovation Center for US Dairy National Market Value of Anaerobic Digester Products.

Emerling Farm. Photo: Cornell University

RCM International, LLC

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BIOMASS INPUTS

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TYPES OF ORGANIC RESIDUALS: • Food Processing Residuals • Manure • Energy Crops & Spent Grains • Biobased Oils & Lubricants • FOG (fats, oils & grease) • Waste Water Treatment Sludge • Personal Care Products

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• Ethanol and Biodiesel processing residuals • Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) • Expired, damaged or off-spec consumer goods • Packaged Organics (depackaging technology) • Crop Residuals • Glycerin & Stillage • Whey • Sugar Water

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OPPORTUNITY How do we change?

LIABILITY: In 2010 about 250 million tons of municipal solid waste was generated – organic substrates accounted for 14% – the single largest component of MSW reaching landfills and incinerators. Less than 3% or 970,000 tons was recovered and recycled in 2010. 1

Can generators capture this material efficiently and cost effectively to improve operations and the environment?

1. US EPA Website http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/m unicipal/index.htm

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http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/index.htm http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/index.htm http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/index.htm http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/index.htm

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FOOD WASTE Potential for Anaerobic Digestion

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In 2010, about 33.8 million tons of commercial organic substrate were discarded in landfills or incinerators.

In the same year, annual supermarket losses averaged 11.4% for fresh fruit, 9.7% for fresh vegetables and 4.5% for meat, poultry and seafood. Commercial and processed/manufacturing organic substrate available for digester use is estimated at 21.4 million tons in 2010 and expected to grow to 24.2 million tons by 2020.1

Product1 Per Capita Retail

Losses (lbs/person) Organic Substrate

Tonnage

Vegetables 22.2 3,079,273

Fruit 19 2,635,414

Cane/Beet Sugar 6.9 957,071

Total Fats 17.8 2,468,967

All Milks 21.3 2,954,438

Dairy Products 28.8 3,994,733

Grains 23.3 3,231,850

Salad & Cooking Oils 10.9 1,511,895

Other Edible Fats Oils 0.1 13,871

Honey & Syrup 2 277,412

Corn Sweeteners 7.2 998,683

Meat Poultry Eggs Fish 12.2 1,692,213

Total 171.7 23,815,819

1. Innovation Center for US Dairy. , National Market Value of Anaerobic Digester Products – information from Research Service (ERS) /USDA; Informa Economics

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CO-DIGESTION Challenges & Considerations

Contamination: • Anything not organic in nature: plastic, metal,

glass, sand, etc. - essentially anything not included in original sample

• Addition operating costs necessary for accumulation of inorganic material in the ADS

• Result: damaged receiving equipment, unscheduled maintenance on tanks and pumps

Wax-coated cardboard

Plastic, straw, wood and cardboard

Limitations: • Digester cannot accept petroleum based

products, biomass sources with metal, plastic, paper, or glass contamination, or sources with heavy metals

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Community Collaboration URBAN DIGESTER

Grand Opening Collaborators: Major collaborators from July 2012 event in Cleveland, Ohio

Urban Anaerobic Digestion: Cleveland, Ohio Project Information: The long-empty site of the former General Motors Fisher Body Plant in Collinwood, Ohio, takes on a new life as the home of a renewable energy facility, powered by Cleveland area businesses. quasar energy group and Forest City Enterprises have partnered to build a 1.3 Megawatt waste-to-energy plant that recycles organic residuals from regional businesses like Pierre’s Ice Cream Company and produces electricity that will be sold to Cleveland Public Power. We’re harnessing the energy of local partnerships and further developing the city’s efforts to move toward a green eco