ana lysis of calcium

8/8/2019 Ana Lysis of Calcium

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GOOD MORNING


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AN A

L YSIS

OF

C AL CI

U M


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INTRODUCTION MineralsCalcium

Functions Sources and Distribution Dietary requirements Uses

Absorption of calcium Regulation of absorption Disorders of calcium and metabolismconclusion

OUTLINE


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Minerals are neither animal nor vegetable; they are inorganic

Types of Minerals

There are two types of minerals: Macro minerals and Trace minerals

The macro mineral group- Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium,Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, and Sulfur Trace minerals includes Iron, Manganese, Copper, Iodine,

Zinc, Fluoride, and Selenium.Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body and has several important functions.The three major regulators of blood calcium are parathyroid

hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcitonin


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Calcium Status A tomic Number: 20 A tomic Symbol: Ca A tomic Weight: 40.08Electron Configuration:

[ A r]4s2 A tomic Radius: 197.3 pmMelting Point: 842 0CBoiling Point: 1484 0COxidation State: 2

CALCIUM


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Plasma calcium : Normal level -8.6-10.6 mg/dl

i. 50% - present as ionized formii. 40% - bound to proteins

i.e. albuminiii. 10% - complexed calcium

calcium citrate,bicarbonate and

phosphate.

Ca X P in serumchildren 50 and adults 30-40.

Calcium: Phosphate ratio indiet:

During growth 1:1 After cessation of growth- 1: 2.


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RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE


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Functions of calcium: Hormone secretion

Hormone action : Ca +2 acts as second messenger, in the action of hormones

Neuromuscular transmission Muscular contraction CBP- Calmoduli,Troponin and calbindin I t is essential for the clotting of blood -. I t helps in the formation

of activated forms of factor IX , X , II and in the formation of prothrombin activator.

F ormation of bone and teeth I t regulates the permeability of the capillary walls. cell division, mitosis and fertilization endocytosis, exocytosis, cellular motility

F UNCTIONS O F CALCIUM


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RIC H SOU

RCE S OF

CALCI UM

y Dairy Products, such as Milk, Cheese, and Yogurt y Canned Salmon and Sardines with Bonesy Leafy Green Vegetables, such as Broccoli, Spinachy Calcium-Fortified foods - from Orange juice to Cereals and Crackers

Ice Cream, Oysters, Ricotta.

CALCI UM B ALANCE : It is the net gain or loss of calcium by body over a specific period of

time. Amount absorbed = Amount ingested - Amount egested in faeces Amount retained = Amount absorbed Urinary calcium( excreted)


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Bone organic-collagen.glycoproteins,phosphoprus

inorganic-hydroxyapatite crystals.-strength and hardness.Outer cortical layer and inner cancellous structure.Cancellous bone trabaculaeOsteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes.

BONE REMODELLING Osteoblasts secret interleukins osteoclasts

acids proteases

collagen lysis cavity formation

new bone formation

B ONE GROWTH AND CALCIUM META B OLISM

Ostoblasts Alkalinephosphatase

Estrogen-inhibitsosteoclastic activity

Glucocorticoids -inhibitsOsteoblastic activity


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B ONEGROWTH ANDCALCIUMMETA B OLISM

Gr owth of epiphyseal plateIGF-1, tyr oid ,v itD,Gr owthha rm one.

OSSI F ICATIONCa r tilagenous ossificationMe m br anous ossification


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Ca +2 is poorly absorbed from intestine.Vitamin D and PTH promotes absorption Slight acidity or neutral pH is needed for Ca absorption A ctive transport W here Ca absorption occurs

against Ca concentration and is dependent on 1,25 (OH) 2 cc.-Duodenum Passive diffusion occurs lower down in the small intestine and accounts only for 15%.

R enal excretion of calcium

AB SORPTION O F CALCIUM


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CALCIUM METABOLISM


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pH of intestinal contents acidic pH favors absorption alkaline medium - lowered

Composition of diet : High protein diet favors absorption F atty acids decreases calcium absorptionSugars and organic acids Citric acid also increases absorption- chelator Phytic acid forms insoluble calcium salts Minerals : Excess phosphates lowers calcium absorption, high magnesium content

decreases Ca absorptionHealth status Hormonal control : PTH, calcitonin, Vit-D, glucocorticoids decrease the intestinal transport of calcium.

FACTORS AFFECTING ABSORPTION :


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Sex harmones : I ncrease intestinal absorption Stimulate mineralization Decrease renal excretion

Thyroid harmones : Hyperthyroidism-increased bone resorption

Factors regulating absorption Three tissues- Three harmones- Three cells -


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Conclusion U nderstanding b one physiology is im portant in ort hodontic interventions involving mani pulation of b one by t he dentist should b e carried out onl y when t he patient is in positive calcium b alance


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TH

ANK YOU

ana lysis of calcium

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