an overview of inclusive urban development in india
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Disampaikan oleh Pemerintah Madhya Pradesh pada Peringatan Hari Habitat Dunia tanggal 2 Oktober 2014 di JakartaTRANSCRIPT
Government of Madhya PradeshUrban Development & Environment Department
An Overview ofINCLUSIVE URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN
INDIA(with special reference to the State of Madhya Pradesh)
An Overview ofINCLUSIVE URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN
INDIA(with special reference to the State of Madhya Pradesh)
Jakarta,October 2,2014
Happy Birth AnniversaryOctober 2,1869
Demographic profile of India :Census-2011
Total population : 1,210,193,422Rural : 833,087,662Urban : 377,105,760
Percentage of urban Population : 31.16
States : 35
Districts : 640
Number of Urban Agglomerations / : 7,935
Towns and out growth
Total population : 1,210,193,422Rural : 833,087,662Urban : 377,105,760
Percentage of urban Population : 31.16
States : 35
Districts : 640
Number of Urban Agglomerations / : 7,935
Towns and out growth
S.no.
Type of towns Number of townsCensus 2011 Census
20011 Statutory towns 4,041 3,7992 Census Towns 3,894 1,3623 Urban agglomerations 475 3844 Out growths 981 962
Total population : 72,597,565
Total urban population : 20,059,666Percentage of urban : 26.63
population in statePercentage in total urban : 5.3
population of IndiaTotal no. of ULBs : 377
Municipal Corporations : 14Municipal Councils : 100Nagar Parishads : 263
Total Slum population : 5,688,993
Percentage of Slum population : 28.34%Notified slums : 1,900,942Recognized slums : 2,530,637Identified slums : 1,257,414
Projected slum population : 7,200,000in MP by 2017
Urban Profile of Madhya Pradesh(Census 2011)Total population : 72,597,565
Total urban population : 20,059,666Percentage of urban : 26.63
population in statePercentage in total urban : 5.3
population of IndiaTotal no. of ULBs : 377
Municipal Corporations : 14Municipal Councils : 100Nagar Parishads : 263
Total Slum population : 5,688,993
Percentage of Slum population : 28.34%Notified slums : 1,900,942Recognized slums : 2,530,637Identified slums : 1,257,414
Projected slum population : 7,200,000in MP by 2017
What is a slum : The Indian Context Section-3 of the Slum Area Improvement and Clearance Act,1956,slums have been defined as mainly those residential areas where dwellings arein any respect unfit for human habitation by reasons of dilapidation,overcrowding, faulty arrangements anddesigns of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of streets, lack ofventilation, light, sanitation facilities or any combination of these factors which aredetrimental to safety, health and morals.
As per UN Habitat a slum is characterized by lack of durable housing,insufficient living area, lack of access to clean water, inadequate sanitationand insecure tenure.
The Pranob Sen committee, set up by the Union government, has comeout with a new definition for slums and has projected 93.06 million people living inslums by 2011, up by over 18 million in the last 10 years.
The committee has defined a slum as "a compact settlement of at least20 households with a collection of poorly built tenements, mostly of temporarynature, crowded together usually with inadequate sanitary and drinking waterfacilities in unhygienic conditions".
Section-3 of the Slum Area Improvement and Clearance Act,1956,slums have been defined as mainly those residential areas where dwellings arein any respect unfit for human habitation by reasons of dilapidation,overcrowding, faulty arrangements anddesigns of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of streets, lack ofventilation, light, sanitation facilities or any combination of these factors which aredetrimental to safety, health and morals.
As per UN Habitat a slum is characterized by lack of durable housing,insufficient living area, lack of access to clean water, inadequate sanitationand insecure tenure.
The Pranob Sen committee, set up by the Union government, has comeout with a new definition for slums and has projected 93.06 million people living inslums by 2011, up by over 18 million in the last 10 years.
The committee has defined a slum as "a compact settlement of at least20 households with a collection of poorly built tenements, mostly of temporarynature, crowded together usually with inadequate sanitary and drinking waterfacilities in unhygienic conditions".
Census of INDIA 2011 Definition andtypes of slums
Three types of slums have been defined in Census-2011, namely,
Notified, Recognized and Identified.
(i) All notified areas in a town or city notified as ‘Slum’ by State, Union territoriesAdministration or Local Government under any Act including a ‘Slum Act’ may beconsidered as Notified slums
(ii) All areas recognized as ‘Slum’ by State, Union territories Administration orLocal Government, Housing and Slum Boards, which may have not beenformally notified as slum under any act may be considered as Recognizedslums
(iii) Identified Slums are the compact areas of at least 300 population or about60-70 households of poorly built congested tenements, in unhygienicenvironment usually with inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitaryand drinking water facilities.
Three types of slums have been defined in Census-2011, namely,
Notified, Recognized and Identified.
(i) All notified areas in a town or city notified as ‘Slum’ by State, Union territoriesAdministration or Local Government under any Act including a ‘Slum Act’ may beconsidered as Notified slums
(ii) All areas recognized as ‘Slum’ by State, Union territories Administration orLocal Government, Housing and Slum Boards, which may have not beenformally notified as slum under any act may be considered as Recognizedslums
(iii) Identified Slums are the compact areas of at least 300 population or about60-70 households of poorly built congested tenements, in unhygienicenvironment usually with inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitaryand drinking water facilities.
Government of India’s Programs & Policiesaddressing the poor and slum dwellers
Nehru Rozgar yojna...................................................... (1989-1997)
Swarn Jayanti Shahri Rojgar Yojna............................... (1997-2013)
National Slum Development Program............................ (1997-2005) Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.......(2005-2014)
(Sub-mission:Basic Services for the Urban Poor-BSUP) Integrated Housing and slum Development Program......(2005-2014)
Housing and Habitat policy ,2007
Interest Subsidy scheme for housing for urban poor.......(2009)
Policy for Street Vendors , 2012
Rajiv Awas Yojana........................................................... (2009)
Affordable housing in partnership................................... (2009)
National Urban livelihood Mission....................................(2013)
Nehru Rozgar yojna...................................................... (1989-1997)
Swarn Jayanti Shahri Rojgar Yojna............................... (1997-2013)
National Slum Development Program............................ (1997-2005) Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.......(2005-2014)
(Sub-mission:Basic Services for the Urban Poor-BSUP) Integrated Housing and slum Development Program......(2005-2014)
Housing and Habitat policy ,2007
Interest Subsidy scheme for housing for urban poor.......(2009)
Policy for Street Vendors , 2012
Rajiv Awas Yojana........................................................... (2009)
Affordable housing in partnership................................... (2009)
National Urban livelihood Mission....................................(2013)
Integrated approach of Government of IndiaThe JnNURM guidelines envisage implementation of following Pro-poor reformsfor the States to qualify for assistance under the Mission:
Internal earmarking within local body budgets for basic services to theurban poor;
Provision of basic services to the urban poor(7 point charter) includes-
security of tenure at affordable prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation ,and ensuring delivery of already existing universal services of the
government for education, health and social security; and
Earmarking at least 20 to 25 percent of developed land in all housingprojects (by both Public and Private Agencies) for Economically WeakerSections/Low Income Groups category with a system of cross-subsidization
The JnNURM guidelines envisage implementation of following Pro-poor reformsfor the States to qualify for assistance under the Mission:
Internal earmarking within local body budgets for basic services to theurban poor;
Provision of basic services to the urban poor(7 point charter) includes-
security of tenure at affordable prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation ,and ensuring delivery of already existing universal services of the
government for education, health and social security; and
Earmarking at least 20 to 25 percent of developed land in all housingprojects (by both Public and Private Agencies) for Economically WeakerSections/Low Income Groups category with a system of cross-subsidization
Government of Madhya Pradesh Programs & Policies
Besides implementation of Government of India's Programs , the Government of
Madhya Pradesh has introduced following schemes for welfare of Urban Poor in
the State sector:-
1. Allotment of Leasehold Rights to landless Urban Dwellers
2. Earmarking the Land for EWS/LIG housing
3. Welfare Schemes for -
Cycle Rickshaw and Hand cart pullers
Street Vendors
Domestic Maid Servants
Social Security Scheme for Urban Poor
Integrated Entrepreneurship Development Scheme for Poor
4. Target for construction of 5 Lakh dwelling units for slum dwellers by 2018
5. Implementation of the Pro-poor reforms
Besides implementation of Government of India's Programs , the Government of
Madhya Pradesh has introduced following schemes for welfare of Urban Poor in
the State sector:-
1. Allotment of Leasehold Rights to landless Urban Dwellers
2. Earmarking the Land for EWS/LIG housing
3. Welfare Schemes for -
Cycle Rickshaw and Hand cart pullers
Street Vendors
Domestic Maid Servants
Social Security Scheme for Urban Poor
Integrated Entrepreneurship Development Scheme for Poor
4. Target for construction of 5 Lakh dwelling units for slum dwellers by 2018
5. Implementation of the Pro-poor reforms
Salient features of Slum housing in India Following Schemes have been launched for housing for Urban poor in the
country:- Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission(BSUP)
Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program(IHSDP)
Rajiv Awas Yojna
Affordable Housing in Partnership Salient features of the above schemes are as under:-
Under BSUP and IHSDP central and state government grant varies from 70 to90 percent Beneficiaries are required to contribute remaining cost of the dwelling unit
Implementing agencies are required to adopt whole-slum approach
ULBs are required to adopt transparent process for allotment
Site development is integral part of the projects Dwelling units up to the size of 30 Sq.m are to be constructed consisting of 2
rooms ,kitchen lat/bath and small balcony in mostly G+3 storied buildings
Following Schemes have been launched for housing for Urban poor in thecountry:- Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission(BSUP)
Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program(IHSDP)
Rajiv Awas Yojna
Affordable Housing in Partnership Salient features of the above schemes are as under:-
Under BSUP and IHSDP central and state government grant varies from 70 to90 percent Beneficiaries are required to contribute remaining cost of the dwelling unit
Implementing agencies are required to adopt whole-slum approach
ULBs are required to adopt transparent process for allotment
Site development is integral part of the projects Dwelling units up to the size of 30 Sq.m are to be constructed consisting of 2
rooms ,kitchen lat/bath and small balcony in mostly G+3 storied buildings
Salient features of Slum housing in India…Rajiv Awas Yojana
Announced in 2009 Aims at promoting “slum-free cities” by
Upgrading and formalizing all existing slums, bothdeclared and undeclared
Preventing development of new slums by providingaffordable land/housing
States to give property titles to the poor to qualify forfunding
Two stages: planning and implementation Planning includes:
preparing legislation for assigning property rights, slum surveys and slum mapping, preparing a State Level Plan of Action, and all city level Plans of Action, or putting together databases of all slum populations that
can be used for planning.
Announced in 2009 Aims at promoting “slum-free cities” by
Upgrading and formalizing all existing slums, bothdeclared and undeclared
Preventing development of new slums by providingaffordable land/housing
States to give property titles to the poor to qualify forfunding
Two stages: planning and implementation Planning includes:
preparing legislation for assigning property rights, slum surveys and slum mapping, preparing a State Level Plan of Action, and all city level Plans of Action, or putting together databases of all slum populations that
can be used for planning.
Achievements in Housing Schemes for Urban Poor inMadhya Pradesh
S.No. Scheme Cost number ofconstructed
dwelling units
1 JnNURM:BSUP(22 projects)
691.84 24,728
in crores
JnNURM:BSUP(22 projects)
2 IHSDP(56 Projects)
376.88 13,867
3 Rajiv Awas Yojna(17 towns)
861.15 15,760(sanctioned - under
progress)
BSUPBSUP Housing in IndoreHousing in Indore
Dwelling Unit Size - 34.13 sq.m.
Area of Bed Room : 12.00 sq.m
Area of Multipurpose Room : 08.70 sq.m
Area of Kitchen : 02.88 sq.m
Area of Toilet : 02.52 sq.m
Area of Balcony/Verandah : 01.75 sq.m
SCHEME No.SCHEME No. 134 IDA134 IDA, Indore, Indore
BSUPBSUP Housing in IndoreHousing in Indore
REHABILITATION EXITING SLUM ATKOTRA BHOPAL
REHABILITATION OF GANGA NAGAR AND ARADHNA NAGAR, BHOPAL
BSUP houses in Ujjain/JabalpurBSUP houses in Ujjain/Jabalpur
LAL KUAN, (JMC), JABALPUR
Construction work under progress in various cities under RAY
The ‘Patta’ Act, 1984 of Madhya Pradesh The “Madhya Pradesh Allotment of leasehold Rights to landless Poor
in Urban Areas Act,1984” gives legal rights to slum dwellers to haveleasehold rights of land for residential purposes. category (A) for permanent lease of 30 years and category(B) temporary lease of 1-10 years.
Year wise allotment of leasehold rights:-
Year Permanent Pattas Temporary Total Pattas
distributed
Year Permanent Pattas Temporary Total Pattas
distributed
1984* 88,723 19,710 108,433
1998* 146,686 20,528 167,214
2003 27,882 4,277 32,159
2008 29,032 4,500 33,532
2013 13,252 5,311 22,576
Total 305,575 54,326 363,914
* Including Chattisgarh towns
The ‘Patta’ Act, 1984: Salient Features The Act entitles all landless persons occupying Government land on a
specified date to get leasehold rights for residential use free of cost on thesame land or on another site.
The Act applies to all urban areas of MP.
The Act supersedes all other acts and regulations, including the city’sMaster Plan.
The Patta can be inherited but not transferred.
It addresses the issue of relocation of slums situated in areas that areprone to environmental risks or required for provision of essential cityservices.
The Act provides for collection of detailed data, including mapping ofslums.
A high power committee in each district consisting of officers fromrevenue, town planning, police, UDA and ULB, examines disputed casesand relocation.
A cutoff date has to be prescribed by the State government fordetermining the eligibility
The Act entitles all landless persons occupying Government land on aspecified date to get leasehold rights for residential use free of cost on thesame land or on another site.
The Act applies to all urban areas of MP.
The Act supersedes all other acts and regulations, including the city’sMaster Plan.
The Patta can be inherited but not transferred.
It addresses the issue of relocation of slums situated in areas that areprone to environmental risks or required for provision of essential cityservices.
The Act provides for collection of detailed data, including mapping ofslums.
A high power committee in each district consisting of officers fromrevenue, town planning, police, UDA and ULB, examines disputed casesand relocation.
A cutoff date has to be prescribed by the State government fordetermining the eligibility
Earmarking Developed Land for EWS / LIG Housing
"The Madhya Pradesh Housing and Habitat Policy - 2007" provides forearmarking of 30 percent developed land in all government HousingSchemes for the persons belonging to Lower Income group andEconomically Weaker Sections
The policy also provides for earmarking 15 percent land in all the otherhousing schemes
The Madhya Pradesh Municipalities (Registration of Colonizer, terms& conditions)Rules provide for earmarking 15 percent number ofdwelling units against the number of houses /plots of other categoriesin all housing colonies
The State Government to notify the income criteria for EWS/LIG
Presently effective criteria:EWS Rs. up to 1,00,000 per family per yearLIG Rs. 1,00,000 to 2,00,000 per family per year
"The Madhya Pradesh Housing and Habitat Policy - 2007" provides forearmarking of 30 percent developed land in all government HousingSchemes for the persons belonging to Lower Income group andEconomically Weaker Sections
The policy also provides for earmarking 15 percent land in all the otherhousing schemes
The Madhya Pradesh Municipalities (Registration of Colonizer, terms& conditions)Rules provide for earmarking 15 percent number ofdwelling units against the number of houses /plots of other categoriesin all housing colonies
The State Government to notify the income criteria for EWS/LIG
Presently effective criteria:EWS Rs. up to 1,00,000 per family per yearLIG Rs. 1,00,000 to 2,00,000 per family per year
Internal Earmarking of BSUP fund
The State Government has issued executive instructions to all theUrban local Bodies to ensure earmarking 25 percent of their receipts inbudget for basic services to urban Poor
The provision under municipal budget under this head has been madenon-lapsable
At the end of the FY actual expenditure is examined against the totalexpenditure of the Institution in all heads
Municipalities are required to compulsory achieve this reform
The State Government has issued executive instructions to all theUrban local Bodies to ensure earmarking 25 percent of their receipts inbudget for basic services to urban Poor
The provision under municipal budget under this head has been madenon-lapsable
At the end of the FY actual expenditure is examined against the totalexpenditure of the Institution in all heads
Municipalities are required to compulsory achieve this reform
Participatory slum improvement1.3x3 Matrix:Transparent prioritizationtool involvingstakeholders
2.CommunityOrganization: Residentcommunity Volunteersidentified - 1 Volunteer per 20-40 Household
3.Training and Microplanning withMunicipal teams
4.Lane mappingand slummapping :forinfrastructure needsassessment
7.CommunityMaintenance- Basti VikasSamitis registration & CIF
5.Technical Assessment byEngineers /CommunityFeedback and Agreement :discussions on technical optionsand maintenance
6.Community Monitoringof conventionalcontracts : for qualityconstruction
“the Community Network” For the Purpose of integrating the urban Poor in implementation of welfare
programs , a well defined community network has been created as under:-
RCVs- Resident Community Volunteers have been identified on a groupof about 20 houses
NDSs- Neighborhood Development Societies have been constituted on aMohalla/ Street or ward basis
CDS-Community Development Societies have been constituted combiningthe cluster of NDSs or Town level
Only women member of the family are allowed to represent.CommunityOrganizers have been appointed to assist the groups in performing the taskassigned to them
Normally Office bearers are designated on nomination basis on unanimousvote
In case of dispute Office bearers are elected by the members
NDS and CDS are associated in implementation of all the welfare programsincluding selection of beneficiaries under livelihood programs.
For the Purpose of integrating the urban Poor in implementation of welfareprograms , a well defined community network has been created as under:-
RCVs- Resident Community Volunteers have been identified on a groupof about 20 houses
NDSs- Neighborhood Development Societies have been constituted on aMohalla/ Street or ward basis
CDS-Community Development Societies have been constituted combiningthe cluster of NDSs or Town level
Only women member of the family are allowed to represent.CommunityOrganizers have been appointed to assist the groups in performing the taskassigned to them
Normally Office bearers are designated on nomination basis on unanimousvote
In case of dispute Office bearers are elected by the members
NDS and CDS are associated in implementation of all the welfare programsincluding selection of beneficiaries under livelihood programs.
Micro Planning Under MPUSPWhat? Why? How? What is Micro Planning?
Process to enable consultations with poor communities and involving them in decisionmaking.
Who does the micro planning? The Community Groups (lane wise community resident volunteers RCVs)
The Municipal teams facilitate and assist along with the Ward Councillor
How is Micro planning done? RCV marks on the map the condition of the infrastructure (existing/working/not
working)
The RCV consults community about the additional infrastructural requirements at slumlevel
RCVs and community members sit together and prepare the settlement maps.
Community informed of standards/norms for provision of services during planning.
The Municipal engineers also visit the settlement and assess the feasibility of microplans and prepare cost estimates
Community agreements held with agreement on minor and major maintenance
What is Micro Planning? Process to enable consultations with poor communities and involving them in decision
making.
Who does the micro planning? The Community Groups (lane wise community resident volunteers RCVs)
The Municipal teams facilitate and assist along with the Ward Councillor
How is Micro planning done? RCV marks on the map the condition of the infrastructure (existing/working/not
working)
The RCV consults community about the additional infrastructural requirements at slumlevel
RCVs and community members sit together and prepare the settlement maps.
Community informed of standards/norms for provision of services during planning.
The Municipal engineers also visit the settlement and assess the feasibility of microplans and prepare cost estimates
Community agreements held with agreement on minor and major maintenance
Community Monitoring Why Community Monitoring?
To ensure good quality construction
What Community Monitoring?
To ensure that the site supervision staff are attending to their duties.
To check upon the key aspects of the construction and ensure they are being carried outin accordance with the specification.
To check the quality and quantity of materials.
How Community Monitoring?
Combined orientation of Engineers, Contractor and community representatives.
Community Volunteers apprise the community of the work under execution
Installation of display boards with proposed design and cost.
Community safe guards materials in their respective lanes
Committee representatives participate in meetings
Confirmation of community under social audit prior to making payments to the contractor
Why Community Monitoring?
To ensure good quality construction
What Community Monitoring?
To ensure that the site supervision staff are attending to their duties.
To check upon the key aspects of the construction and ensure they are being carried outin accordance with the specification.
To check the quality and quantity of materials.
How Community Monitoring?
Combined orientation of Engineers, Contractor and community representatives.
Community Volunteers apprise the community of the work under execution
Installation of display boards with proposed design and cost.
Community safe guards materials in their respective lanes
Committee representatives participate in meetings
Confirmation of community under social audit prior to making payments to the contractor
Challenges & Lesson learnt Learning by doing Dedicated personnel required at ULB to work with communities Adequate slum data required for effective slum targeting Organizing and strengthening Community groups Managing CIF without NGO support is a challenge Conflict between elected representatives and Community office bearers Change is slow. Change is possible
Revenue ReformsMPHS GIS GIS Base Maps and Slum Maps prepared for 12 MCs &
support to Ujjain under Rajiv Awaas Yojana (RAY)• Revenue surveys completed for 1.25m properties in 13
MCs (92% completed in 3 MCs & 85% in 8 MCs)• Revenue survey records linked with property layer in
GIS Socio economic surveys completed for 2,052 slums(2.5 million pop) in 12 MCs
• Slum profiles linked with GIS
GIS Base Maps and Slum Maps prepared for 12 MCs &support to Ujjain under Rajiv Awaas Yojana (RAY)
• Revenue surveys completed for 1.25m properties in 13MCs (92% completed in 3 MCs & 85% in 8 MCs)
• Revenue survey records linked with property layer inGIS
Socio economic surveys completed for 2,052 slums(2.5 million pop) in 12 MCs
• Slum profiles linked with GIS
Revenue Survey Data Linked in GIS
MPUSP Madhya Pradesh Urban Services for thePoor 29
Slum Profile Linked in GIS
Impacts of MPHS-GIS Sound Property Tax and Poverty data base in place for
the first time Poverty data and slum maps are being used to prepare
Slum Free City Plans for 4 cities under RAY• Additional 175,000 properties in 12 MCs brought into
tax net to date• Direct and indirect impact leading to 105% increase in
the total property tax collection in 4 MCs in last 5years.
MPUSP Madhya Pradesh Urban Services for thePoor 31
Sound Property Tax and Poverty data base in place forthe first time Poverty data and slum maps are being used to prepare
Slum Free City Plans for 4 cities under RAY• Additional 175,000 properties in 12 MCs brought into
tax net to date• Direct and indirect impact leading to 105% increase in
the total property tax collection in 4 MCs in last 5years.
Property Tax Improvementsin 4 MCs
MPUSP Madhya Pradesh Urban Services for thePoor 32
Thank you & Best Wishes
Presented by :
U.K .SadhavAdditional Director
Urban Development & Environment DepartmentGovernment of Madhya Pradesh , Bhopal,India-462 016
Tel.+91 755 255 2609 / +91-755 255 2747Fax +91 755 255 4681
Cell No. +91 94 253 01117E-mail: [email protected]/[email protected]
Visit us at : www.mpurban.gov.in