an overview of biotechnolgy development in nepal
Post on 20-Dec-2015
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DEVELOPING COUNTRIESSAARC
• MOLECULAR BIOLOGY• RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGIES• CELL FUSION• TISSUE CULTURE• EMBRYO TRANSFER• IMMUNOLOGY• FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
NEPAL
TECHNIQUE USING LIVINGORGANISMS OR SUBSTANCES FROMORGANISMS
• TO MAKE OR MODIFY A PRODUCT
• TO IMPROVE PLANTS OR ANIMALS
• TO DEVELOP MICROORGANISMS FOR SPECIFIC USES
PRACTICAL VIEWPOINT
MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE
WORKING TOGETHER IN HARMONY
*BIOLOGY
*PHYSICS
*CHEMISTRY
*MATHEMATICS
*ENGINEERING
RECENT ACHIEVENTS & ADVANCES IN GENETIC
ENGINEERING
“SPLIT THE HAIR”
OLD BIOTECHNOLOGY
NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY
TRADITIONAL & NATIONAL HERITAGE OF NEPAL
TRADITIONALBIOTECHNOLOGY IN NEPAL
FERMENTATION
KODO, RICE, SAKHAR INTO ALCOHOL
LEAFY VEGETABLES INTO GUNDRUK
BROWNING OF RICE INTO HAKU JAKI
PICKLING OF FRUITS
JUTE OR NALU FROM BARK OF HEMP
DUNG AS FERTILIZER
DUNG CAKE AS FUEL FOR COOKING
NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY IN NEPAL
FIELD OF APPLICATIONAGRICULTUREFORESTRYENVIRONMENT/SANITATIONEDUCATION FOODHEALTHENERGY VETERINARY
TYPE OF TECHNIQUES
• WIDELY USEDPLANT TISSUE CULTUREMICROBIAL CULTURE
• LITTLE USEMERISTEM CULTURE RECOMBINANT DNAANTHER CULTURE BOTANICAL PEST CONTROLPHROMONE MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGYBIOLOGICAL CONTROL PROTEIN PROFILE TECHNIQUEELISA TECHNIQUE CONVENTIONAL BREEDINGBIOASSAY AGROTECHNIQUEENZYMOLOGY CALLUS CULTUREFLORICULTURE
THRUST AREAS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY*CLONAL PROPAGATION*MERISTEM CULTURE*GERM PLASM CONSERVATION*POLLEN AND ANTHER CULTURE*Genetic engineering for insect/pest resistance*Genetic engineering for herbicide resistance*Genetic engineering for virus resistance*Embryo rescue
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
• BIOFERTILIZER
• BIOINSECTICIDE
• SINGLE CELL PROTEIN PRODUCTION
• INDUSTRIAL ENZYME
• BIO-ENERGY
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
• IMPROVED ANIMAL PRODUCTIVITY• IMPROVED ANIMAL PRODUCTION• IMPROVED ANIMAL HEALTH
AQUATIC BIOTECHNOLOGY
• FISHERY• AQUACULTURE
STATUS OF BIOTECH PROJECTS
• MAJORITY AIMED AT PROPAGATING DEVELOPED TECHNIQUES AT SUITABLE LEVEL
• MOST R & D STILL AT LABORATORY PHASE
• A FEW TRANSFERRED TO LAND TRIAL
EXPENDITURE ON BIOTECH ACTIVITIES
• GOVERNMENT AND UNIVERSITY FUND----- NOMINAL
• INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH BY INDUSTRY----- NON-EXISTENT
• EXTERNAL FUNDING AGENCIES :ROCKFELLER FOUNDATIONUSAID, JICA, IFS, FAO, ODA (UK), ADB
LARGEST FUNDING $ 150,000/-
HUMAN RESOURCES IN BIOTECH ACTIVITY
• MASTER LEVEL 57%• DOCTORATE LEVEL 32%
TRAINING
• LONG & SHORT COURSES • MAINLY TISSUE CULTURE TO:
FARMERS, M.Sc. & Ph.D.s
MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
• OCCASIONAL PAPERS• ANNUAL REPORTS• NATIONAL JOURNALS
+ BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS
+ HIMALAYAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
+ BANKO JANAKARI
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES
• DISSEMINATION OF IMPORTANCE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AMONG POLICY MAKERS, PLANNERS, GENERAL PUBLIC
• SHARING EXPERIENCES AMONG SCIENTISTS INVOLVED IN BIOTECH
• NEPAL BIOTECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION• BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY
SOCIETY OF NEPAL
ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN BIOTECH ACTIVITIES
• GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS
• AUTONOMOUS ORGANIZATIONS
• TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
• PURBANCHAL UNIVERSITY
• POKHARA UNIVERSITY
• PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
• OLDEST AND LARGEST• M. Sc. PROGRAM IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY• B. Sc. IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
PURBANCHAL UNIVERSITY
POKHARA UNIVERSITY• B. Sc. IN BIOCHEMISTRY
CURRENT STATUS OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
LIMITED TO TISSUE CULTURE
PUBLIC LABORATORIES
DEVELOP PROTOCOLS
PRIVATE LABORATORIES
USE PROTOCOLS FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSE
PROSPECT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN NEPAL
MAJOR CRISES
DISEASE
HUNGER
ENERGY SHORTAGE
ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION
POLLUTION
REVOLUTIONARY ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
• POVERTY ALLEVIATION• REDUCING DEPRIVATION• SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF
NATURAL RESOURCES• CONSERVATION OF NATURAL
RESOURCES• MAINTAINING A CLEANER
ENVIRONMENT
NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY FOR NEPAL
FOCUS ON TISSUE CULTURE
*TO PROVIDE GENETICALLY IMPROVED SEEDLINGS
*LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF
VALUABLE SPECIES FOR
MASSIVE FUEL WOOD
FODDER
TIMBER
MAJOR AREAS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR NEPAL
1. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
• PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
• CALLUS CULTURE
• MERISTEM CULTURE
• IN-VITRO EMBRYO RESCUE
• POLLEN AND ANTHER CULTURE
• GENETIC ENGINEERING
2. MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
• BIOFERTILIZERS• INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES• SINGLE CELL PROTEIN
PRODUCTION• BIOPESTICIDES• BIO-ENERGY PRODUCTION• FOOD PRESERVATION• MINERAL LEACHING
3. ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
• IMPROVED ANIMAL HEALTH
• IMPROVED ANIMAL PRODUCTIVITY
• IMPROVED ANIMAL REPRODUCTION
4. MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
• RAPID DIAGNOSTIC REAGENTS & KITS• PRODUCTION OF CULTURE MEDIA• PRODUCTION OF MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODIES• VACCINES AGAINST MALARIA,
MEASLES, DIARRHOEA, JAUNDICE CHOLERA ETC.
• THERAPEUTIC AGENTS FROM LOCAL PLANT RESOURCES
NATIONAL BIOTECHNOLOGY POLICY
DRAFTED FROM A MEETING OF STAKEHOLDERS
1. Put biotechnology high on national agenda
2. Establish high-level Biotechnology Development Council (BDC) under the chairmanship of Rt. Honorable Prime Minister to review and revise biotechnology, appraise annual progress and solve problems for the development of biotechnology.
3. Biotechnology Coordination Committee (BCC) under the chairmanship of Honorable Minister of S and T
• to carry out R&D in biotechnology
• to develop critical manpower and
• a curriculum for biotechnology
• to encourage private entrepreneurs and
• raise public awareness.
4. National Biotechnology Research and Development Centre (NBRDC)
• undertake research and training as per national priority
5. Review existing legislation and propose new legislation or amendments to regulate biotechnology
6. Strengthen and develop appropriate human
resources for biotechnology.
7. Strengthen infrastructure in existing Institutions and set up new institutions as per necessity.
8. Encourage private entrepreneurs to set up laboratories, greenhouses and nurseries to propagate elite and disease free plants by using biotechnology tools.
9. Encourage the private sector to establish biotechnology related industries.
10. Create conducive atmosphere for research, development and commercialization of
biotechnology.
11. Devise a mechanism to set up one window system for the transport, import and export of biotechnology products.
12. Management of funds at national level to promote research and development of biotechnology.
13. Establish linkages with ICGEB, FAO, WHO, UNESCO, CGIAR, COBIOTECH and IPGRI.
14. Establishment of venture capital, attractive tax incentives and financial assistance to qualified biotechnology companies.
15. Grant of financial incentives to viable biotechnology programs.
16. Promotion of technology transfer from laboratory to land and laboratory to industrial production.
17. Conservation and promotion of indigenous biotechnology.
18.Develop a national biosafety system to monitor and regulate genetically modified organisms.
19. Design of patent law and
intellectual property rights.
POSSIBLE ROLE OF BINASIA
• A SERIOUS CONSTRAINT LACK OF INFORMATION ON BIOTECHS
• NO INSTITUTION CAPABLE OFINFORMATION COLLECTIONRETRIEVAL & DISSEMINATION
* SO RELIES ON INDUSTRIALISED COUNTRIES FOR SPECIALIZED INFORMATION
SOLUTION TO INFORMATION SHORTAGE• to conduct a thorough literature search on the
existing information, which should then be stored in the institutes having the capability to manage information and make it easily accessible to biotechnology researchers.
OR• to set up a biotechnology information centre and
establish a computer link with institutions in the industrialized countries. However this depends on the willingness of the institutions in the North to share their biotechnological information with those in the South.