the phenomena of biotechnolgy
TRANSCRIPT
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The Phenomena of Biotechnology
Biotechnology
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Technology What is it?
Using laws of nature to create devices we use Then: trial and error Now: study why things behave in a particular manner
Most advanced computer/network applications = simple compared to: Body of a mammal Functions of all the systems of a corn plant
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Unlocking the Secrets of Living Organisms Scientists just now unlocking secrets of nature
New breakthroughs very complicated and intricate Why the difference?
Mechanical and electronic technology Biological technology
Answer: Mechanical and electronic: applying principles and
laws already understood Biological: begin with complicated operational
systems
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Biotechnology - Defined
With a partner…
Come up with a definition.
Write it on the board.
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Defining Biotechnology How would you define it?
Many ways! Simplest: manipulation of living organisms to
make products useful to humans Modifying cell activities Genetically manipulating organisms to alter their
behavior, characteristics, or value Most potential, most controversial
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Development Slow – why?
Using living organisms that grow and reproduce Care and welfare of animals Manipulation of cells must be done carefully with
many safeguards Public hesitance
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Need for Biotechnology World population: 6.7 billion
India: over 1 billion 2040 projection: 10 billion
Lesser-developed countries Contribute most to population increase Already inadequate food supplies
Present rate of food production + advancement trends Running out of food still a danger!
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Genetic Improvement Existing technology can
engineer plants and animals to produce more efficiently Change genetic makeup
Better growth Higher yields Shorter generations Improve nutrition
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Current Uses of Biotechnology
Can you name some??
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Current Uses of Biotechnology Plant Biotechnology
Cloning Transgenic crops
Resist insects Resist certain types of herbicides Increased nutrition
Custom-design plants to increase production and nutrition
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Current Uses of Biotechnology Animal Science
Making cheese from milk using animal enzymes & bacteria
Artificial insemination Embryo transfer Cloning
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Current Uses of Biotechnology Medicine
Insulin Insulin-producing genes are spliced into bacteria that
are reproduced for extraction of the insulin Gene therapy
Treats and cures genetic disorders and illnesses once considered untreatable
Vaccine-containing plants Genetic mapping
Helps determine if a person has inherited a genetically transmitted disorder (cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, etc.)
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Current Uses of Biotechnology Environment
Plants developed to indicate pollutants Bioremediation
Examples: Certain microorganisms feed on toxins in
polluted soil Digest toxins and convert to harmless
substances (i.e. carbon dioxide) Certain plants can absorb pollutants from
soil or water