an interpersonal communication process

8/6/2019 An Interpersonal Communication Process

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Ch. 2: An InterpersonalCh. 2: An Interpersonal

Communication ProcessCommunication Process


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All slides based on Interviewing: Principles and Practices, by Charles J.Stewart and William B. Cash, Jr. (2008)All slides based on Interviewing: Principles and Practices, by Charles J.Stewart and William B. Cash, Jr. (2008)

Interchanging RolesInterchanging Roles

Directive Approach

The interviewer establishes the purpose of the

interview and attempts to control the pacing,

climate, formality, and drift of the interview

Nondirective Approach

Interviewee(s) have significant control over

the subject matter, length of answers, climateand formality.

Combination Approaches


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PerceptionsPerceptions

Perceptions of Self

Self-concept

Self-esteem

Perceptions of the Other Party

Cultural Differences

Perceptions of the other partys age, sex,

race, etc. Perceptions may (and perhaps should )

change as the interview progresses


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Communication InteractionsCommunication Interactions

Levels of Interaction

Level 1: relatively safe and nonthreatening

(facts and figures about life)

Level 2: personal, controversial or threatening

topics about beliefs, attitudes, values and

positions.

Level 3: intimate and controversial areas ofliferesponses include full disclosure of

feelings, beliefs, etc.


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Sex, Culture and Interaction

Sex: women tend to disclose more than men

and are allowed to express emotions more

openly (with the exception of anger)

Culture: cultures vary in how, when and to

whom self-disclosure is appropriate

Politeness Theory holds that all personswant to be appreciated and protected


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Verbal Interactions

Words are imperfect and often lead to

miscommunication as much as they may

communicate

I.E., Multiple Meanings, Ambiguities, Sound

Alikes, Connotations, Jargon, Slang,

Euphemisms, Naming/Labeling, Word Order,Power Words, Regional Differences, Gender

and Global Differences


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Nonverbal Interactions

Up to two-thirds of meaning is conveyed in

nonverbal communications (facial expression,

body posture, gestures, etc.)


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FeedbackFeedback

Feedback verifies what is being

communicated and how well it is being

communicated.

Communicated verbally and nonverbally


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Listening StylesListening Styles

Listening for Comprehension

Receiving, understanding and remembering

the message as accurately and completely as

possible

Listening for Empathy

Communicating genuine concern,

understanding and involvement with thepersons subjective frame of reference.


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Listening StylesListening Styles

Listening for Evaluation

Critical Listening: Judging what you hear

and observe

Listening for Resolution

Dialogic Listening: focus on ours rather than

mine or yoursappropriate for problem-

solving interviews where the purpose is jointresolution


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The Interview SituationThe Interview Situation

Surroundings (atmosphere, climate, noise,

presence of others/privacy)

Time (time of day, week, year) Place (on whose turf)

Proximity and Setting (arrangement,

comfort)


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Outside ForcesOutside Forces

Family, associates, friends, etc. may

influence the progression of the interview

No one comes to the interview from avacuumwe bring our lives with us.

an interpersonal communication process

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