An Integrated English Course An Integrated English Course

Book 1

Unit Two

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives By the end of this unit, you are supposed to grasp the author’s purpose of the writing and

make clear the structure of the whole passage through an intensive reading of Text 1 Whatever Happened to Manners.

understand the main idea, structure of the text and the author’s writing style

master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text

be aware of some of the metaphorical expressions employed in the text.

Teaching ProcedureTeaching Procedure1. Pre-reading Questions 10’2. Text I. Whatever Happened to Manners Text Comprehension 10’

– Main idea of the passage – Structure analysis

Language points 120’– sentence studies– vocabulary studies

3. Text II. An Educator’s Moral Responsibility 15’4. Exercises 60’5. Revision 10’

Pre-readingPre-reading

●What do you think a good manner really is?

In my opinion, a good manner refers to a person’s gracious behavior which includes manners of acting, speaking, walking, eating, sitting etc. Above all one should possess a heart of gold.

Text I. Whatever Happened to Text I. Whatever Happened to MannersManners

Do you remember a time when people were a little nicer, a little softer, a little gentler with each other? I certainly do, and I feel that much of the world has somehow gotten away from that. I see such a difference in New York City, for example, from when I first moved here more than 20 years ago: people rushing into elevators without giving those inside a chance to get off first, never saying “Thank you.” when others hold a door open for them, or “please.” when they want a coworker to hand them something, never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.

We get lazy, and in our laziness we think that something like a simple “thank you.” doesn’t really matter. But it can matter very much. The fact is that no matter how nicely we dress, how beautifully we decorate our homes, or how lovely our dinner parties are, we can’t be truly stylish without good manners.

In fact, I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret. Haven’t you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting prettier? They became Cary Grant or Lauren Bacall right before our eyes. It’s funny how that happens, but it does.

Take the long-lost art of saying “Thank you.” Like wearing a little lipstick or making sure your hair is neat, getting into the habit of saying “Thank you.” can make you feel better about yourself, and then you look better to everyone around you. A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for your children but it adds priceless panache to your image.

Positive thankingOf cause, saying “Thank you.” does wonders for the person on

the receiving end too. I recently got a thank-you note from a guest who attended a 40th birthday party that Frank and I hosted for Frank’s daughter-in-law. The note was lovely enough, but even lovelier was the fact that the guest had also included a recipe for a dish I’d complimented her on at an earlier gathering. It was a sweet gesture that made me fell terrific and put me in a great mood. What a gift!

Many of us know we should write thank-you notes, but we think we don’t have the time or energy. Now, I know we all have busy lives, but I bet the note my guest sent me didn’t take

long time to writer. If you feel like a feel because you’ve put off sending a card, write a note that says, “ I should have done this two weeks ago, but I didn’t want to let another day go by without telling you how much I enjoyed your party.” It’s much better than not writing at all.

Magic wordsJust as powerful as a thank you note is the simple phrase “Excuse me.”

Don’t you just hate it when someone knocks an enormous carry-on bag into your head when he’s barreling down the aisle to board an airplane---and then doesn’t bother to say he’s sorry? But when someone does stop and turn around and genuinely apologizes, doesn’t it melt away most---if not all--- of the irritation you felt?

Same for holding the door open for others when you see their hands are full. I’ll even do this for a hotel bellman carrying my luggage. Just because his job is to carry my bags doesn’t mean he doesn’t appreciate a little gesture that makes his life a wee bit easier. And punctuality is not a thing of the past, either. Being on time for lunch dates, for example, shows the person we’re meeting that we value his or her precious time as much as we do our own.

Bringing Manners HomeAnd for heaven’s sake, we shouldn’t forget to use good manners

with our own families. That’s where it count the most because those are the people we love the most. How lovely it would be to put a card on your spouse’s pillow at night to say “Thank you.” for some dear thing he or she did for you or even just to say “I love you.”

Similarly, bringing home the most insignificant little presents for people you cherish will go a long way. It shows they are in your thoughts and you want to make them happy. If you are a husband, how long has it been since you walked in the door with a rose for your wife? Or maybe her favorite candy--- even if it’s just a Snickers bar? You’d sure get my attention if you brought me a Snickers! I firmly believe spouses should be gracious about the routine things they expect each other to do. Show that you don’t take the other person of granted. He or she is much more likely to treat you the same way.

Good manners are infectious. Now, if we could just get everyone to catch them!

Structural analysisStructural analysis Introduction of the text: This essay is a piece of

argumentation on the necessity and significance of good manners. In the beginning part, the writer puts forward his viewpoint. In the next three paragraphs, the writer raises and proves his opinion. In the last paragraph the writer concludes that good manners are infectious; meanwhile, he expresses his sincere wish for a polite society where everybody would behave politely. The text can be divided into four parts.

Part One: (Paragraphs 1) The writer puts forward his view points: nowadays,

many people show a lack of good manners; they are less friendly or less polite than people in the past. He convincingly illustrates this social phenomenon with specific impolite manners he sees in New York.

Part Two: (Paragraphs 2-4) In these three paragraphs the writer puts

forward and bears out the following viewpoint: You cannot be truly stylish without good manners; good manners are a sort of hidden beauty secret and adds pricelessly to your image.

Part Three: (Para. 5-10): In these paragraphs the writer states and

expounds the great power of some typical good manners he proposes upon those on the receiving end. Also, in these paragraphs the writer reasonably explains and vividly illustrates the good effects polite manners have on our own family members.

Part four: (Para.11):

This is the concluding paragraph in which the writer advances his opinion that good manners are infectious and expresses his sincere wish that everyone would be polite and show good manners.

Main Idea of the passageThis is a piece of argumentation on the necessity

and significance of good manners. The main idea that the author argues for is that good manners help you build up your own image and work wonders for the person on the receiving end.

Cultural background

1) The Soup Course: Dinner usually begins with soup. The largest spoon at your place is the soup spoon. It will be beside your plate at the right-hand side.

2) The Fish Course: If there is a fish course, it will probably follow the soup. There may be a special fork for the fish, or it may be similar to the meat fork. Often it is smaller.

3) Helping Yourself and Refusing: If a servant passes food around, he will pass the dish in at your left hand so that you can conveniently serve yourself with your right hand. Never serve yourself while the dish is on your right; it is then the turn of your neighbor on the right. It is polite to take some of everything that is passed to you. But if there is something you may not like, you may quietly say: “No, thank you.”

4) Second Helpings: The hostess may or may not ask if you would like a second helping, according to the formality of the meal. If she does and you accept it, you should pass your plate to her or to the servant with the knife and fork still lying on it.

5) The Salad Course A salad is eaten with a fork only held in the right hand with points turned up.

There is usually a special one for the salad, a little smaller than the meat fork.

Text ExplanationText ExplanationWhatever Happened to Manners?

Part I: Do you remember a time when people were a little nicer, a little softer, a little gentler with each other? I certainly do, and I feel that much of the world has somehow gotten away from that. I see such a difference in New York City, for example, from when I first moved here more than 20 years ago: people rushing into elevators without giving those inside a chance to get off first, never saying “Thank you.” when others hold a door open for them, or “please.” when they want a coworker to hand them something, never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.

Language pointsLanguage points Manner: 1) It is used to refer to the meaning of

“social behavior” or “polite or well bred behavior” usually in plural form

E.g. People who have good manners are polite to others.

It is bad manners to interrupt during others’ conversations.

2) When it is used in the meaning of “a person’s outward bearing, way of speaking, etc.” the word “manner” is more often than not in the singular.

E.g. He was behaving in the manner of a lunatic.

She was unusually soft and gentle in her manner when talking to people.

I feel that much of the world has somehow gotten away from that

I feel that many people in the contemporary world are, for some reason or other, not as nice, not as friendly, or not as polite with one another as people in the past.

Get away 1) succeed in leaving E.g. When I ask him if he would like to see a

film, he said he was so busy doing a project that he couldn’t get away.

2) escape, esp. from the scene of a crimeE.g. A thief broke into my flat and got away with my money kept in a

drawer of my desk before I returned home yesterday.3) to avoid something that is difficult or unpleasant, or something t

hat limits what one can do in some wayE.g. I remember what a relief it was to get away from home.Comparison: get away to, get away withget away to: to take a holiday away from the place one normally live

s get away with: to not be caught or punished when one has done so

mething wrong

1) And, indeed, plenty of military personnel are guilty of breaking marital vows and getting away ________ it.

2) We’re hoping to get away ________ Scotland for a few days.

wave n.1) a movement in which one raises one’s arm

and move one’s hand from side to side E.g. He dismissed her with a wave of the hand.2) a line of raised water that moves across the

surface of the seaE.g. Dee watched the waves breaking on the

shore.Collocation: a wave of nausea/dizziness/tiredness a wave of terror/fear/panic

pull out1) (of a motor vehicle, boat, etc.) move out of sidewaysE.g. A car suddenly pulled out in front of me.2) Leave or departE.g. When I arrived, the train was pulling out of the station. Collocation: pull over, pull off, pull inpull over: to drive to the side of the road and stop one’s car, or to mak

e someone else do thispull off: to succeed in doing something difficultpull in: if a driver pulls in, they move to the side of the road and stop 1) She pulled ____ to let the ambulance pass.

2) The goalkeeper pulled ______ six terrific saves.

3) The policeman signaled to him to pull______.

Part IIWe get lazy, and in our laziness we think that something like a simple

“thank you.” doesn’t really matter. But it can matter very much. The fact is that no matter how nicely we dress, how beautifully we decorate our homes, or how lovely our dinner parties are, we can’t be truly stylish without good manners.

In fact, I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret. Haven’t you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting prettier? They became Cary Grant or Lauren Bacall right before our eyes. It’s funny how that happens, but it does.

Take the long-lost art of saying “Thank you.” Like wearing a little lipstick or making sure your hair is neat, getting into the habit of saying “Thank you.” can make you feel better about yourself, and then you look better to everyone around you. A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for your children but it adds priceless panache to your image.

But it can matter very much: But something like a simple “Thank you.” can count a great deal./But it can be something important

… we can’t be truly stylish without good manners: If we do not have polite ways of treating other people and behaving in public, we can’t be truly fashionable and attractive.

stylish: confronting to the current fashion E.g. That stylish young woman is always wearing

stylish clothes. Derivation: stylishly adv. stylishness n. style n. 1) She was wearing a black woolen dress.

2) The apartments are decorated and furnished, and all have sea views.

I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret:

I regard good manners as a kind of concealed magic method or formula which makes you beautiful.

Cary Grant: (1904 – 1986) British-born American motion-picture actor, known for his smooth and confident social manner.

Lauren Bacall: (1924 – ) American motion-picture and stage actor, known for her beauty and good understanding of the way people behave.

Right: 1) immediately, at onceE.g. They are going to close the Music Hall right after

Easter.2) In a straight line; directlyE.g. After breakfast the children went right to school.3) exactly; justE.g. The accident happened right over there.gracious adj. behaving in a polite, kind, and generou

s way, especially to people of a lower rankE.g. Mike is the most gracious, helpful, and generous

person to work with.T: We should be gracious even to unexpected visitors. 即便对不速之客也应彬彬有礼。

set an example: to establish a way of doing something that is then copied or regarded as good

It is important that parents set an example.Collocations: set the pattern/tone/trend, etc. (for something)but it adds priceless panache to your image: but a kind, gracious manner makes you look much

more stylish and admirable, contributing pricelessly to your image.

Panache: a stylish manner of doing things that causes admiration and seems to be without any difficult

E.g. With great panache he pulled the tablecloth off the table without disturbing any of the plates and glasses.

Part III What are good manners and what are their functions?Positive thankingOf cause, saying “Thank you.” does wonders for the person on the receiving end

too. I recently got a thank-you note from a guest who attended a 40th birthday party that Frank and I hosted for Frank’s daughter-in-law. The note was lovely enough, but even lovelier was the fact that the guest had also included a recipe for a dish I’d complimented her on at an earlier gathering. It was a sweet gesture that made me feel terrific and put me in a great mood. What a gift!

Many of us know we should write thank-you notes, but we think we don’t have the time or energy. Now, I know we all have busy lives, but I bet the note my guest sent me didn’t take long time to writer. If you feel like a feel because you’ve put off sending a card, write a note that says, “ I should have done this two weeks ago, but I didn’t want to let another day go by without telling you how much I enjoyed your party.” It’s much better than not writing at all.

Magic wordsJust as powerful as a thank you note is the simple phrase “Excuse me.” Don’t

you just hate it when someone knocks an enormous carry-on bag into your head when he’s barreling down the aisle to board an airplane---and then doesn’t bother to say he’s sorry? But when someone does stop and turn around and genuinely apologizes, doesn’t it melt away most---if not all--- of the irritation you felt?

Same for holding the door open for others when you see their hands are full. I’ll even do this for a hotel bellman carrying my luggage. Just because his job is to carry my bags doesn’t mean he doesn’t appreciate a little gesture that makes his life a wee bit easier. And punctuality is not a thing of the past, either. Being on time for lunch dates, for example, shows the person we’re meeting that we value his or her precious time as much as we do our own.

Bringing Manners HomeAnd for heaven’s sake, we shouldn’t forget to use good manners with our own f

amilies. That’s where it count the most because those are the people we love the most. How lovely it would be to put a card on your spouse’s pillow at night to say “Thank you.” for some dear thing he or she did for you or even just to say “I love you.”

Similarly, bringing home the most insignificant little presents for people you cherish will go a long way. It shows they are in your thoughts and you want to make them happy. If you are a husband, how long has it been since you walked in the door with a rose for your wife? Or maybe her favorite candy--- even if it’s just a Snickers bar? You’d sure get my attention if you brought me a Snickers! I firmly believe spouses should be gracious about the routine things they expect each other to do. Show that you don’t take the other person of granted. He or she is much more likely to treat you the same way.

do wonders for: be remarkably successful in achieving positive results for

E.g.1) This medicine will do wonders for your depression. 2) Obviously, her holiday has done wonders for her.Collocation: it’s no/small/little wonder that T: 他整天在吃糖果，难怪他不饿 。No wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all

day.

host v. & n.1) v. to provide the place and everything that is needed for an or

ganized event E.g Which country is going to host the next World Cup?2) n. someone at a party, meal, etc. who has invited the guests a

nd who provides the food, drink, etc. Our host greeted us at the door. Collocation: host country/government/city; play host to somethi

ng Derivation: hostess

It was their hostess who was the most elegant.

compliment: express praise or admiration of sb.E.g. 1) I complimented her on her skillful performance. 2) He was complimented on his fluency in English.Collocation: take something as a compliment: to be pleased about what someone says a

bout you, even though they may not mean to be nice mood n. the way one feels at a particular timeE.g. You’re in a good mood this morning! The weather did little to lighten their mood.Collocations: be/feel in the mood for something be in no mood for something / to do something be in a mood put somebody in a good/bad, etc. moodT. 阳光明媚的早晨使我心情愉快。 The beautiful sunny morning put me in a happy mood.

bet v.1) to state confidently what will happen E.g. I bet you she won’t come.2) to risk money on the result of a race, game, competition, or other future

eventE.g. How much do you want to bet?T: He bet me a bag of candy that Bill would not come.他与我赌一包糖果，认为比尔不会来。Collocation:You bet!: used to emphasize that you agree with someone or are keen to d

o what they suggestIf you feel like a feel …: If you’d like to know how you would feel when yo

u do write a thank-you note ...feel like: to have a wish or inclination forE.g. I feel like a cup of tea. T: 她那条新裙子的设计受到许多人的称赞。She received many compliments on the design of her new dress.

put off: postpone or cancel a meeting or an engagement with sb.

E.g. Don’t put off until tomorrow what can be done today.

go by: (of time) pass; elapse E.g. Since China began to be open to the outsi

de world,25 years have gone by, in which brilliant achievements have been scored.

barrel v. & n.1) v. to move very fast, especially in an uncontrolled wayE.g. A vehicle barreled out of a shopping center and crashed into th

e side of my car.2) n. a large curved container with a flat top and bottom, made of w

ood or metal, and used for storing beer, wine, etc.E.g. The wine is aged in oak barrels.Collocations: have somebody over a barrel: to put someone in a situation in whic

h they are forced to accept or do what you wantbe a barrel of laughs: to be very enjoyableT: During the negotiations the opposing party had us over a barrel.在谈判中，持异见的另一方使我们一筹莫展。

aisle n. a narrow passageE.g. We paraded down the aisle. Coffee and tea are in the next aisle.Collocation: go/walk down the aisle: to get marriedbe rolling in the aisles: If people in a theatre, cinema,

etc. are rolling in the aisles, they are laughing a lot.a carry-on bag: a bag small or compact enough to be

carried aboard an airplane by a passenger 随身携带的小包

Bother: n. v. 1) disturb or anger, especially by minor irritations; annoy E.g. Don’t bother me while I am writing my paper.2) give trouble to E.g. It is the lack of money that bothers her constantly.3) take the trouble; concern oneself

E.g. When she was ill, her husband even didn’t bother to see her.

T: 客人们费了很大劲才找到这里。The guests had a lot of bother finding their way here.Collocation:sorry to bother youbother somebody about/with something

genuinely: sincerely; honestlyE.g. She genuinely hopes to make friends with her.

Collocations: genuine interest/concern/desire…doesn’t it melt away most — if not all—of the irritation you feel?After you hear someone’s genuine apology, most—if n

ot all— of your irritation will naturally disappear. This is a rhetorical question which need not be answere

d and which must be uttered in a falling tone. A negative rhetorical question is close in meaning but more powerful in tone than a positive statement. The above rhetorical question is similar in meaning to: it does indeed melt away most—if not all— of the irritation you felt.

Irritation n. 1) making somebody angry or being made angry e.g. He could not hide his irritation that he had not been invited. 2) a slight pain or sore feeling on a part of one’s body. e.g. The cream do wonders to your skin irritation.Derivation: irritated adj. irritating adj. irritate v.

1) It really ________ me when he doesn’t help around the house.

2) John was getting ________ by all her questions.

3) He was smiling in a way I found very _________.

Punctuality: a fact or state of being on time E.g. Punctuality is quite important for

everyone.Derivation: punctual adj. punctually adv. 1) _______ is not one of my strong points, I

must admit.

2) She’s always very _______ for appointments.

And for heaven’s sake …: The phrase for goodness’/Pete’s/heaven’s/pity’s sake can be used when one asks strongly for something.

e.g. For heaven’s sake don’t let her know what I told you!

However, the phrase for God’s/Christ’s sake might be considered offensive or taboo by some people, and should be used with care.

e.g. For Christ’s sake, turn that music down!

Count v. 1) to be important or valuableE.g. First impressions really do count.2) to calculate the total number of things or people in a groupE.g. Susan can count up to five now.Collocations:count on somebody/something: to depend on someone or

something, especially in a difficult situationcount somebody in: to include someone in an activitycount down: to count the number of days, minutes, etc. until a

particular moment or event

1) When the game gets started, you can count me___.

2) You can count _______ me.

3) We are counting ______ the days to the end of this tour.

…will go a long way(a metaphorical idiom) … will produce wonderful effects/… will bring about very good results.

Cherish: 1) to loveE.g. She cherishes the three kids most in the family.2) if you cherish something, it is very important to youE.g. He was a man who cherished his privacy.Collocation: cherish a hope / an idea / a dreamT: 我在这里度过的每一分钟都使我感到你们对我们国家 所怀的友情。Every minute I have spent here impressed me with the friendship you cherish for our country.

routine– 1) a prescribed, detailed course of action to be followed regularly– E.g. She found that it was rather difficult to establish a new routi

ne after her retirement. – 2) a set of customary and often mechanically performed procedu

res or activities– E.g. The famous dancer went through a dance routine.

Comparison: habit, routine habit: something that one does regularly without thinking

about it, because one has done it so many times before routine: a series of things that someone usually does in the

same order, especially when it is the same every day 1) My father had some rather strange _____ (habit, routine), like rea

ding newspapers in the bath. 2) His _______ (habit, routine) consisted of work, dinner, then TV an

d bed.

Even if it’s just a Snickers bar: even though it is only a piece of chocolate of my favorite brand.You’d sure get my attention: In American English, surely is often shortened to sure.E.g. I sure don’t want to be around when Gene finds out what has happened to his car.Take the person for granted: be so familiar with the other person (your spouse ) that you no longer appreciate his or her full value; treat the other person with little attention or concern; not recognize his or her true value.E.g. We must not take our family members for granted.

Part IV ConclusionGood manners are infectious. Now, if

we could just get everyone to catch them!

● Good manners are infectious: ● Good manners are easy to catch./ Good manners are easily be passed from one person to another.● Now if we could just get everyone to catch them: ● Now, how wonderful it would be if we were able to have everyone behave politely towards one another!

infectious: 1) capable of causing infection or same effect. E.g. Her smile and laughter are both very infectious 2) (of disease) easily or readily communicated E.g. 1) Epidemic is a highly infectious disease. 2) Quite a lot of people suffered from the terrible infectio

us SARS. Derivation: infected adj. infection n. 1) Roy was suffering from a throat ______and could hardl

y talk. 2) Clean the wound so it doesn’t get ________.

Text II. An Educator’s Moral ResponsibilityText II. An Educator’s Moral ResponsibilityIt happens to me often. I read newspaper articles about violent crime, see the ravages of inhumanity on the evening news, and hear sound-bites on the radio describing cruelty and intolerance. It becomes difficult, sometimes impossible, for me to push my consciousness thoughts about the danger and hostility of the world in which we live. I worry, particularly, about the effects on our children of our own society, a society that is less safe and less hospitable than the one I experienced as a child growing up during the 1950’s and 1960’s.

In many school districts throughout the country, there is already compelling evidence that adolescents have been affected negatively by changing social conditions, including by what many Americans believe to be a decline of basic human values. Parents and teachers must content often with disturbing levels of adolescent aggression, profanity, and disrespect. We are fortunate that most students at New Fairfield High School are respectful, considerate, and tolerant

of differences among the peers. I am proud of the majority of our

students’ behavior and, generally, pleased with the social climate of our . There are, however, some students are insensitive and unkind to their classmates, discourteous to adults, and quick to express their anger by raising their voices or by using profanity.

It is the responsibility of parents to teach their children to be polite, courteous, and forbearing. It is one of the fundamental responsibilities to impart to their children the values of integrity, decency, and respect for others. Teachers and school administrators should never become, however, ethical bystanders. If we wish to realize our school district’s philosophy not only to educate our students but also to encourage them to accept the innate worth of every human being, we must not surrender the ideal of maintaining a moral community at New Fairfield High School, where all people have an obligation to be polite and tolerant of individual differences.

Some individuals believe that school personnel should not interfere with the behavior of students unless it is directly related to learning or affects the safety of individuals who are inside the school building or somewhere on campus. Not long ago I disciplined a student for using an extremely offensive profanity in addressing another student in the main lobby of the school. when I described the incidents to the student’s parent, I was told by the parent that the student’s choice of words did not hurt anyone, and that I was too strict and had to change with the time. The conviction of the parent was that I should be busy doing more important things rather than finding fault with an adolescent’s vocabulary.

The parent’s response disappointed me, but I was equally disturbed by the action of a friend to whom I recounted the incident. In essence, his response was, “What can you do? You can’t teach values anymore.” I recognize that there is pervasive concern among parents that their prerogatives to raise their children and to teach them proper values are sometimes interfered with by people outside the

family or by other outside influences. I understand this concern. It is neither educator’s responsibility nor their right, for example, to promote among students political ideology or religious principles. But good teachers and administrator’s do teach values, not personal, private values but common

values of courtesy, mutual respect, persistence, responsibility, and self-reliance. Ideally, competent educators affirm socially responsible values taught at home. They should demand appropriate vocabulary and good manners. They should remind students to say “please” and “thank you” and remind them not to interrupt when others are speaking. It is very much the responsibility of

teachers and administrators to promote New Fairfield’s tradition of proper behavior and good sportsmanship. As a principle, I expect to be judged by the moral and ethical climate of our school. All the academic improvements of New Fairfield High School notwithstanding, I would never consider myself a successful educator unless our students graduated not only as successful learners but also as ladies and gentlemen.

Main idea of Text 2Main idea of Text 2

In this writing the author first provides evidences to prove that basic human values are declining. And then he advocates that all people at Fairfield High School should take pains to maintain a moral community. In the end, the author points out that an educator can be considered successful only when his students graduated not only as successful learners but also as well-behaved citizens.

Topics for discussion:Topics for discussion:

What is the author’s explanation for the danger and hostility of the world?

He worries about the negative effects of violent crime, the ravages of inhumanity, cruelty and intolerance, etc. on our children.

What evidence does the author provide to prove that basic human values are declining?

Parents and teachers must contented with disturbing levels of adolescent aggression, profanity, and disrespect.

Which weakness of the educational system is cited as being responsible for adolescent’s aggression, profanity, and disrespect?

Some parents do not realize their responsibility to teach their children whereas some teachers may be ethical bystanders.

●What does the author think all people at New Fairfield high School should do to maintain a moral community?● They should all be polite and tolerant of individual difference.● Apart from lack of responsibility, do you think that the author is also criticizing some parents attitude towards the teacher? Cite an example to prove this.● Yes. For instance, a student’s parent told the author that the words his or her child had used did not hurt anybody and that the author was too fault-finding with the child’s vocabulary

● Apart from lack of responsibility, do you think that the author is also criticizing some parents attitude towards the teacher? Cite an example to prove this.● Yes. For instance, a student’s parent told the author that the words his or her child had used did not hurt anybody and that the author was too fault-finding with the child’s vocabulary.

●What values does the author think should be taught to students?● He thought that the students should be taught common values of courtesy, mutual respect, persistence, responsibility, and self-reliance.

●What is the author’s conception of a successful educator?● An educator can be considered successful only when his students graduated not only as successful learners but also as well-behaved citizens.●What are your ideas of an educator’s moral responsibility?● This is an open question and it is for you to answer yourself.

Words and Expressions for Text IGet away: leaveElevator: n. an apparatus in a building for taking people and goods up and down; liftCoworker: n. a fellow workerWave: n. a movement of the hand in wavingAppreciation: n. understanding of the good qualities of sth.Pull out: drive onto the road or over to another lane of the road to join in the trafficDecorate: v. make a place such as building, wall ,etc. more beautiful by planning, wall

papering etc.Stylish: a. fashionableGracious: a. polite, kind, and pleasant, esp. in a generous waySet an example: behave in a way that should be copiedPanache: n. a stylish manner of doing things that causes admiration and seems to be

without any difficulty Back to the text

Do wonders for : bring unexpected good resultsHost: v. provide the place and everything that is needed for an

organized eventRecipe: n. a set of instructions for cooking a particular type of foodCompliment: v. praise or express admiration for somebodyTerrific: a. extremely nice or goodMood: n. a state of mind or feeling at a particular timeBet: v. state confidently what will happenBarrel: n. move at high speedAisle: v. a narrow passageBother: v. disturb or annoy somebodyGenuinely: ad. SincerelyApologize: v. say one is sorry for having done something wrong

Back to the text

Irritation: n. the act of feeling angryBellman: n. a man or boy employed by a hotel, club,

etc. to carry luggage and do errandsPunctuality: n. the fact or state of being on timeCount: v. be important or valuableSpouse: n. a husband or wifePillow: n. a large cushion that you put under your

head when you are in bedCherish: v. loveRoutine: a. regularInfectious: a. having an effect on everyone and

making them want to take partBack to the text

Notes for Text IISound-bite (paragraph 1): short sentences or phrases that are

easy to remember, often included in a speech made by a politician and repeated in newspapers and on television and radio

… for me to push from my consciousness thoughts about the danger (paragraph 1): … for me not to be clearly aware of the danger

Adolescents (paragraph 2): A very young child is a baby or more formally an infant. A child who has just learned to walk is a toddler. People aged 13 to 19 are teenagers and a younger teenager may also be called an adolescent. An adult is fully-grown person over an age stated by law, usually, 18 or 21.

Back to the text

Profanity (paragraph 2): Profanity shows a lack of respect for a god or a religion, especially through language. Here it refers to offensive language used by some students.

Peer (paragraph 2): a person of the same age, class, position, etc., as oneself

Ethical bystanders (paragraph 3): people who watch something that is happening, but do not want to say whether they think it is right or wrong in human behavior

… the innate worth of every human being (paragraph 3): … the value that every human being is born with

Notwithstanding (paragraph 5): in spite of the fact or thing mentioned. It is a preposition used either before or after its objects. It is usually used in formal language.

ExercisesExercisesVocabulary analysis1. Word comparison

Group 1: A. happen B. care C. mind D. matter

A. When something happens, there is an event, especially one that is not planned.

Before I realized what was happening, the man had grabbed my bag and run off with it.

B. Care is to think that something is important, so that you are interested in it, worried about it, etc.

I’m very lucky to have a husband, a family and friends who care about me.

C. Mind means to feel annoyed or upset about something.E.g. Of course I don’t mind if you bring a few friends over.

D. Matter means to be important, especially to be important to you, or to have an effect on what happens.

E.g. It matters what you wear to an evening of live theater.

Group 2: A. hurry B. rush C. hasten D. quickenA. Hurry means to do something or go somewhere more quickly

than usual, especially because there is not much time.E.g. Elizabeth disappeared into the crowd and Donald had to hurry

after her.

B. Rush means to move very quickly, especially because one needs to be somewhere very soon.

E.g. Everyone rushed out into the street to see what was happening.

C. Hasten means to make something happen faster or sooner, or to do or say something quickly or without delay.

E.g. She hastened back into the corridor and slammed the door.D. Quicken means to become quicker or make something quicker.E.g. She found she was sweating and her breathing had quickened.

Group 3: A. coworker B. copartner C. colleague D. cooperativeA. People working together are coworkers. E.g. Coworkers share the same benefits and risks.B. People sharing an activity are copartners.E.g. The cooperation of copartners will get the job finished much more

quickly. C. Colleague is someone you work with, used especially by professional

people.E.g. Jenny is a conscientious manager, very popular with her colleagues.

D. Cooperative is a business or organization owned equally by all the people working there.

E.g. I also visited a cooperative of peasant farmers who grow sesame seed.

Group 4: A. pull out B. pull up C. pull off D. pull downA. Pull out means to drive onto a road from another road or

from where one has stopped, or to stop doing or being involved in something. E.g. A car suddenly pulled out in front of me.

B. Pull up means to stop the vehicle that one is driving. E.g. We pulled up at a small cafe just outside Bordeaux.

C. Pull off means to drive a car off a road in order to stop or to turn into a smaller road, or to succeed in doing something difficult. E.g. They pulled off to get some food.

D. Pull down means to destroy something or make it stop existing; it also means to earn a particular amount of money. E.g. My old school was pulled down.

Group 5: A. behavior B. act C. manners D. wayA. Behavior means the things that a person or animal does.

E.g. Eric’s behavior towards his family surprised me.B. Act means one thing that you do. e.g. The act of

physically putting the drive in the computer is relatively easy.

C. Manners means polite ways of behaving in social situations. E.g. Dad gave us a lecture about table manners.

D. Way is a method that one uses to do something, or the manner or style in which someone does something or in which something happens. E.g. I could tell by the way he looked at me that he was annoyed.

Group 6: A. graceful B. gracious C. grateful D. grandA. Graceful means moving in a smooth and attractive way, or having

an attractive shape or form. E.g. Her movements are always graceful and elegant.

B. Gracious means behaving in a polite, kind, and generous way, especially to people of a lower rank; it also means having the kind of expensive style, comfort, and beauty that only rich people can afford. E.g. The losing team were gracious in defeat.

C. Grateful means feeling that one wants to thank someone because of something kind that they have done, or showing this feeling. E.g. My daughter was rescued safely, and I am very grateful to the firemen.

D. Grand means big and very impressive, or important and rich. E.g. The conferences always take place in grand hotels, away from the realities of life.

Group 7: A. cookbook B. recipe C. ingredient D. menuA. Cookbook (American English) is a book that tells you how

to prepare and cook food. Its British equivalent is cookery book. E.g. Peters is the author of the popular cookbook “Doing It in the Kitchen”.

B. Recipe is a set of instructions for cooking a particular type of food. E.g. My Mum has the recipe for a really delicious prawn curry.

C. Ingredient means one of the foods that you use to make a particular food or dish. E.g. The main ingredients can be prepared and frozen in advance.

D. Menu (usually singular) is a list of all the kinds of food that are available for a meal, especially in a restaurant. E.g. Is there any fish on the menu?

Group 8: A. huge B. enormous C. vast D. large A. Huge means extremely large in size, amount, or

degree. E.g. King’s new novel will undoubtedly be a huge success.

B. Enormous means very big in size or in amount. E.g. I have an enormous amount of work to finish before Friday.

C. Vast means extremely large in area, size, etc. e.g. Vast areas of the Amazon rainforest have been destroyed.

D. Large means big in size or quantity, wide in range and involving many things. E.g. Philip found himself in a large playground surrounded by high brick walls.

A Model essay for the topic A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for others but also adds priceless panache to your image:

Manners are very important for each of us. A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for others but also adds priceless panache to your image. Then how can you achieve it?

Traveling right: stop for pedestrians at pedestrian crossings. You demonstrate your power over the pedestrians more effectively, not by ignoring them, but by showing that you voluntarily stop, even though you could just motor on by. Such a display of magnanimity is worthy of the Übermensch.

New age: if you go through a door first, you should always hold it open for those who follow. Age, gender and social class make no difference. Extending this common courtesy to all is a sign that we hold everyone in equal respect.

Social works: not to take your host’s hospitality for granted and show gratitude. Stand up for yourself: you may look younger when you stand straight. You may be surprised

at what good posture does to change your appearance, but you will be astonished at what it does to the rest of you — your spirits, your attitude, your feelings about yourself. You can imagine it happens like this: as you lift your body to its full height and held up your head, little signals go into your brain saying, “You’re confident. You think highly of yourself. You are somebody of worth.” Other people, reacting to the way you look, also sent signals — signals of respect. They must have thought: well, if he thinks he’s somebody of worth, he must be. You begin feeling relaxed and you are able to be outgoing — much more so than usual.

By the means above, you may realize that your gracious manner has successfully added priceless panache to your image.

Memorable quotesManners must adorn knowledge and smooth i

ts way through the world.

— Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of ChesterfieldCivility costs nothing and buys everything. — Mary Wortley Montagu