An insider’s guide to getting published in research journals

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Aims of the session

• To ‘demystify’ the publishing process

• To provide tips, insider knowledge and key questions to maximize your chances of publication

• To encourage some of you to go beyond publishing, e.g. reviewing, book reviewing, editorial roles

• Q&A session: ask anything!

• Follow-up: I’m always available to help

• To get you sharing your knowledge, i.e. to get you writing

Emerald Group Publishing – company background

• Emerald Group Publishing Limited (formerly MCB University Press)

• Founded in 1967 in Bradford, West Yorkshire

• Over 200 employees. Offices in China, India, Malaysia, Australia, Japan, USA

• 1996 launched the Emerald Fulltext database

• 2005 launch of Emerald Management Xtra – developed with and for business schools

• 2008 Series and Books acquisition from Elsevier

The Emerald portfolio

Journals:

• 160+ business and management; 28 library and information science.

• 16 engineering, mathematical and materials science journals.

• 39 journals are Thomson Scientific ranked (formerly ISI).

• Almost all are peer reviewed (normally double blind), except practitioner titles.

Electronic databases:

• Emerald Management Xtra (www.emeraldinsight.com )

• Emerald Management First (first.emeraldinsight.com)

• Emerald Management Reviews – e.g. Harvard Business Review, MIS Quarterly (www.emeraldinsight.com/reviews )

• Emerald Abstracts – e.g. Computer Abstracts International Database (www.emeraldinsight.com/abstracts)

Books:

• 241 book series

• 299 stand-alone text/reference books

• Totalling almost 2,000 titles

Coverage:

• Over 1,600 university libraries worldwide, including 97 of the FT top 100 business schools (2007 figures)

• Potential readership of 15 million

Emerald’s publishing philosophy

• We believe that good management can – must – make a better world

• We believe in inclusivity, internationality, innovation and independence

• A better-managed world means better government, better business, more equality, meritocracy of race, age and gender, more employment, more wealth

• Supportive of scholarly research

• Committed to improving author, reader and customer experience.

• ‘Research you can use’

In line with current research thinking

• Key bodies such as HEFCE, AACSB and EFMD all espouse this goal.

• “AACSB should develop mechanisms to strengthen interaction between academics and practicing managers in the production of knowledge in areas of greatest interest” (Final report of international task force on Impact of Research, 2008, recommendation #5).

Research you can use

Emerald publishes research that makes a difference through:

• Application in practice

• Influencing public policy

• Use in the classroom

• Developing research in the field

Publicpolicy

PracticeHigher

education

Ensuring usefulness

• Highlighting implications for practice and research in article abstract

• Review procedures include assessment of article applicability

• Emerald works with HE institutions and public/academic/professional associations to further this aim

• Emerald ensures quick/easy navigation to content for students, teachers, researchers and practitioners

Good examples of how this has worked

• Emerald Management First (over 340k hits/month Jan-August 2008).

• Association links e.g. EFMD (publisher of choice); IFLA (our publisher is a Section Standing Committee member); ERES (licensed content).

• "The high dissemination of my article on corporate social responsibility [over 19k downloads 2001-2008] helped me secure further time and resources to pursue this extremely important area of research", Geoff Lantos, Stonehill College, USA.

Key differences between books and journals

Journals Books

Frequency Regular Irregular

Format Predominantly electronic Predominantly print

Length 1 article = approx 3-6000ww 1 chapter = approx 5-10,000+

Size Tends to be around 6 articles Usually 10-12+ chapters

Review Typically double-blind MixedProcess peer-reviewed

Route to Predominantly subscriptions Libraries and individualsMarket from academic libraries

Research

Editorial supply chain and journal management structure: journals

Author

EditorPublishe

r/Managing Editor

Production

Users

Quality research papers

EAB and reviewers

Solicits new papers

Handles review process

Promotes journal to peers

Attends conferences

Develops new areas of coverage

The link between the publishing company and editor

Helps editors succeed in their role and build a first class journal

Overall responsibility for journal

Promotion and marketing

Attends conferences

Handles production issues

QA – sub-editing and proof reading

Convert to SGML for online databases

Print production

Despatch

Added value from publisher

Access via library

Hard copy

Database

Third party

Timetable from submission to initial feedback to authors

• The Editor(s) do an initial read to determine if the subject matter and research approach of the manuscript is appropriate for the journal (approximately 1 week)

• The Editor(s) identify and contact two reviewers for the manuscript (approximately 1 week)

• Reviewers are usually given 6-8 weeks to complete their reviews

• The Editor(s) assess the reviewers' comments and recommendations and make a decision on the manuscript (approximately 2 weeks)

• Expected time from submission to review feedback: 3 - 3.5 months

Research

Editorial supply chain and book management structure: books

Volume Editor / Series Editor

Commissioning Editor /ACE

Production

Users

Collates quality research papers

Identifies and develops new areas of coverage

The link between the publisher series editor/ volume editor / author

Overall responsibility for on-schedule publication of the book

Promotion and marketing

Attends conferences

Deals with production queries

Typesetting

Copy-editing

Proofs

Print

Despatch

Libraries

University Adoptions

Sales Agents

Researchers

Practitioners

Submitting a book proposal

• Brief synopsis of the proposed title

• Rationale for publication

• Originality of the proposed book (as compared with existing books)

• Target market

• Competition

• USPs

• Potential for adoption

• Promotional opportunities

Online usage and dissemination of authors’ work: journals

• 60,000+ articles online, over 14 years of content in Emerald Management Xtra

• 9,000 abstracts from 1989-1994

• Over 18 million downloads in 2007

• Nearly 2 million articles downloaded each month in 2008

• 63% of customer usage occurs outside the UK

• New to Emerald:

– EarlyCite

– 20 new journals for 2009

– Emerald Backfiles (60,000+ articles from over 120 journals; launched 2008)

– Emerald Series and Books (acquired 2008)

Online usage and dissemination of authors’ work: books

• At present, approx. 500 titles in e-book format on sale via e-book aggregators

• 3 Book Series Collections

– Business, Management and Economics Collection – 55 titles; 324 volumes

– Social Sciences Collection – 35 titles; 185 volumes

– Psychology Collection – 16 titles; 99 volumes

• Further 42 volumes to be added during 2008

Being published means…

• Your paper is permanent – published material enters a permanent and accessible knowledge archive – the ‘body of knowledge’

• Your paper is improved – through the interventions of editors, reviewers, sub-editors and proof-readers

• Your paper is actively promoted – it becomes available to a far greater audience

• Your writing is trustworthy – material which has been published carries a QA stamp. Someone apart from the author thinks it’s good

Ideas: where to start

• As well as ‘traditional’ research…

• Are you working on a Doctoral or Master’s thesis?

• Have you completed a project which concluded successfully?

• Are you wrestling with a problem with no clear solution?

• Do you have an opinion or observation on a subject?

• Have you given a presentation or conference paper?

• If so, you have the basis for a publishable paper

Target!

“Many papers are rejected simply because they don’t fulfil journal requirements.

They don’t even go into the review process.”

• Identify a few possible target journals/series but be realistic

• Follow the Author Guidelines – scope, type of paper, word length, references style, etc

• Find where to send your paper (editor, regional editor, subject area editor). Check a copy of the journal/series or the publisher’s web site

• Send an outline or abstract and ask if this looks suitable and interesting (or how it could be made so)

• Confirm how an editor would like a submission, e.g. e-mail; hard copy

• Read at least one issue of the publication – visit your library for access

Example of author guidelines

Every journal published will have detailed

notes and guidelines

Editors and reviewers look for …

• Originality – what’s new about subject, treatment or results?

• Relevance to and extension of existing knowledge

• Research methodology – are conclusions valid and objective?

• Clarity, structure and quality of writing – does it communicate well?

• Sound, logical progression of argument

• Theoretical and practical implications (the ‘so what?’ factors!)

• Recency and relevance of references

• Adherence to the editorial scope and objectives of the journal

Thomson Scientific (ISI)

• Thomson Scientific is a subsidiary of the Thomson Group and is based in Philadelphia, USA

• Thomson Scientific’s ‘ISI Web of Science’ database scores 9,000 selected journals with ‘Impact Factors’ based on journal citations

• The latest Thomson Scientific statistics were published in June 2007 for the year 2006

• Emerald currently has 39 journals ranked on what is till commonly known as ‘ISI’

Thomson Scientific (ISI)What does ISI do?

• What is commonly referred to by academics as ‘ISI’, ‘SSCI’ or ‘Impact Factors’ is actually Thomson Reuters now, and more specifically, it’s ‘Journal Citation Reports’ (JCR)

• These reports index and rank the journals it has on its ‘ISI Web of Knowledge’ and is a collection of bibliographic information of over 9,000 evaluated scholarly journals

• Currently, Emerald has 39 journals ‘on ISI’, i.e. they can be accessed through the ISI Web of Science and are/will be included in the Journal Citation Reports

Thomson Scientific (ISI)What is an Impact Factor?

• Journals are ranked in the JCR depending on how many times the articles included in that journal are cited in other ISI-ranked journals. The ranking is published every June and corresponds to the previous year’s data.

• ISI uses a calculation of citation data over a three year period to produce an Impact Factor for a given year.

• For example, the Impact Factor for the Journal of Documentation (Emerald’s highest ranked journal) is 1.439 and relates to 2006.

Thomson Scientific (ISI)How are Impact Factor calculations made?

ISI uses the following equation to work out the impact factor of a particular journal:

A = 2006 cites to articles published only in 2004-2005 in a given journal

B = number of articles published in 2004-2005 in a given journalA/B = 2006 impact factor for the journal

Using the Journal of Management Genius as an example, there were 20 citations in 2006 in other ISI journals from its 2004-2005 issues (A). In this two-year period there were 60 articles published (B), which meant that the impact factor for Journal of Management Genius in 2006 was 20/60 = 0.333

A = 2006 cites (20)B = articles published (60)A/B = 2006 impact factor (0.333)

Journal rankings

ISI is the most well known ranking, BUT…

• It is heavily biased towards North America

• Citations are a good, but not complete, guide to quality

• Usage is a better measure of utility

• Other factors to consider are recent articles, most communicative, societies and internationality

• Be political (e.g. national vs international) and strategic (e.g. five articles in ‘low ranked’ journals vs one in ‘top ranked’ journal)

What rankings are used here?

Some essentials of a research paper

• Purpose of the paper/Introduction

• Research methodology used – the ‘whys and hows’

• Literature review – critical examination of what has gone before

• References should be:

– complete

– consistent with the style used in the journal

– included in the list (anything not cited can be listed as further reading)

• Argument and findings

• Conclusion should – restate the purpose, encapsulate the main findings and include the most interesting bits

Emerald has introduced structured abstracts

• A structured abstract – in 250 words or less (no more than 100 in any one section)

• Purpose – Reasons/aims of paper

• Design – Methodology/’how it was done’/scope of study

• Findings – Discussion/results

• Research limitations/Implications – Exclusions/next steps

• Practical implications – Applications to practice/’So what?’

• Originality/value – Who would benefit from this and what is new about it?

www.emeraldinsight.com/structuredabstracts

Some key questions

• Readability – Does it communicate? Is it clear? Is there a logical progression without unnecessary duplication?

• Originality – Why was it written? What’s new?

• Credibility – Are the conclusions valid? Is the methodology robust? Can it be replicated? Is it honest – don’t hide any limitations of the research? You’ll be found out.

• Applicability – How do findings apply to the world of practice? Does it pinpoint the way forward for future research?

• Internationality – Does it take an international, global perspective?

Your own peer review

• Let someone else see it – show a draft to one or more friends or colleagues and ask for their comments, advice and honest criticism

• We are always too close to our own work to see its failings

• Always proof-check thoroughly – no incorrect spellings, no incomplete references. Spell checkers are not fool-proof

Spot the error:

Leads Metropolitan University

Co-authorship as a possibility

• With supervisor, across departments, someone from a different institution

• Demonstrates the authority and rigour of the research

• Especially useful for cross-disciplinary research

• Ensure paper is checked and edited so that it reads as one voice

• Exploit your individual strengths

• Agree and clarify order of appearance of authors and the person taking on the role of corresponding author

Improve electronic dissemination by…

• Using short descriptive title containing main keyword – don’t mislead

• Writing a clear and descriptive abstract containing the main keywords and following any instructions as to content and length

• Providing relevant and known keywords – not obscure new jargon

• Making your references complete and correct – vital for reference linking and citation indices

• Ensuring your paper is word-perfect

Revising

• A request for revision is good news! It really is

• You are now in the publishing cycle. Nearly every published paper is revised at least once

• Don’t panic!

• Even if the comments are sharp or discouraging, they aren’t personal

Process of acceptance for a journal – just one example

How to revise your paper

• Acknowledge the editor and set a revision deadline

• Clarify understanding if in doubt – ‘This is what I understand the comments to mean…’

• Consult with colleagues or co-authors and tend to the points as requested

• Meet the revision deadline

• Attach a covering letter which identifies, point by point, how revision requests have been met (or if not, why not)

If your paper is rejected …

• Ask why, and listen carefully!Most editors will give detailed comments about a rejected paper. Take a deep breath, and listen to what is being said

• Try again!Try to improve the paper, and re-submit elsewhere. Do your homework and target your paper as closely as possible

• Don’t give up!At least 50% of papers in business and management don’t get published. Everybody has been rejected at least once

• Keep trying!

The Emerald Literati Network

• More than 60,000 authors worldwide are members – a huge ‘expert network’

• Authors’ Charter – uniquely provides authors with a range of benefits and sets out levels of service

• Emerald journals are members of and subscribe to theprinciples of the Committee on Publication Ethics

• Complimentary journal issue and five reprints upon publication

• Calls for Papers and news of publishing opportunities

• Editing service

• Outstanding Doctoral Research Awards

• Research Fund Awards

• Annual Awards for Excellence

www.emeraldinsight.com/literatiwww.emeraldinsight.com/awards

Emerald Management Xtra – authors’ resources

• Comprehensive help and advice every step of the way

• How to… guides

• Meet the Editor interviews and editor news

• Premium help with placing your paper for publication

• Publishing opportunities and Calls for Papers

www.emeraldinsight.com/authorswww.emeraldinsight.com/research

Other useful resources

• www.isiwebofknowledge.com (ISI ranking lists and impact factors)

• www.harzing.com (Anne-Wil Harzing's site about academic publishing and the assessment of research and journal quality, as well as software to conduct citation analysis)

• www.scopus.com (abstract and citation database of research literature and quality web sources)

• www.cabells.com (addresses, phone, e-mail and websites for a large number of journals as well as information on publication guidelines and review information)

What do you use?

Beyond authorship

Other important journal publishing work that you might wish to get involved in includes:

• Book reviewing

• Refereeing/peer review

• Editorial advisory board membership

• Contributing editorship

• Regional editorship

• Editorship

For details of opportunities in this area please do get in touch with us!

Talk to us, use us!

• Tell us how we can help you – talk to us, give us ideas

• Register with Emerald Research Connectionswww.emeraldinsight.com/connections

• Register with Emerald InTouchhttp://intouch.emeraldinsight.com

• Use the Emerald Literati Network

• Use Emerald Management Xtra

Write for us!

Thank you. Any questions?

For any answers you didn’t get today (or were too shy to ask) …

please e-mail, write or phone:

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