(n bn 05/2009, c hiu chnh v b tc)

M.T.D.X.

c quyn S Tch c Pht Thch Ca ny qu v s bit r v :

1 - Cuc i c Pht, 2 - Gio l gic ng v gii thot,

3 - Cc php mn tu i n gic ng v gii thot.

Phn Ph nh gm c :

1- Cc k Kit tp kinh in, 2- Ni dung Tam tng kinh in,

3- Thp i t, 4- Ba mi ba v T s v ngi Huyn Trang,

5- Pht gio truyn sang Tch Lan, 6- Bn ng tm v cc Pht tch ti n .

7- i cng tu Pht.

- x - X - x -

Son-gi :

Minh Thin Trn Hu Danh 123 rue Pascal

92160 Antony, FRANCE

Email : danh.tranhuu@free.fr

Minh Thin & Diu Xun

S tch c Pht 7

S TCH C PHT THCH-CA MU-NI

- x - X x -

Li m u Trong bc u hc Pht, chng ti thng gp nhiu tr ngi ln v vn danh t. V trong kinh sch ting Vit thng dng ln ln cc ch Vit, ch Hn Vit, ch Pali, ch Sanscrit, khi th phin m, khi th dch ngha. Cc nhn danh v a danh1 khng c ng nht. V thi gian, ni chn v nhiu cu chuyn trong s tch c Pht cng c nhiu thuyt khc nhau lm cho ngi hc Pht kh ghi nhn c din tin cuc i c Pht. Do chng ti c pht nguyn s c gng ng gp phn no gip ngi hc Pht c c mt ti liu y , chnh xc, ng tin cy, d c, d hiu, d nh v d tra cu khi cn.

Qua cc ti liu nghin cu ng tin cy nh quyn ng Xa My Trng ca Ha Thng Nht Hnh, quyn The Life of Buddha as Legend and History ca Edward J. Thomas, quyn The Life of The Buddha According to The Ancient

1 V nhn danh v a danh chng ti ch trng dng ch Pali hay Sanscrit cho chnh xc.

Minh Thin & Diu Xun

S tch c Pht 8

Texts and Monuments of India ca A.Foucher, b Buddhist Legends 3 quyn ca Eugene Watson Burlingame, quyn Geography of Early Buddhism ca Bimala Churn Law, vn vn ... chng ti c gng chn la, sp xp thnh quyn S Tch c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni ny gip ngi hc Pht thy r din tin cuc i gng mu v gio l cao thng ca Ngi, va thc t va siu phm. Gio l cao thng ca c Th Tn c t tr li trong khung cnh i sng hng ngy ca Ngi bng nhng li l n gin, d c, d hiu, d nh v d thc hnh.

Tuy nhin trnh mi kin chp ng/sai, c/khng, tht/gi ... chng ti xin mn php nhc li li Pht dy v Php T Y nh sau : Mun hc hi gio l c kt qu tt p chng ta nn y theo bn iu ny :

1- Y php bt y nhn : Nn nng theo sch v hay li ch dy, khng nn chp ni tc gi hay ngi ni.

2- Y ngha bt y ng : Nn nng theo ngha l, khng nn chp vo li ni hay vn t.

3- Y tr bt y thc : Nn nng theo tr tu sng sut tm hiu, khng nn chp vo tnh cm c nhn ca mnh.

4- Y kinh liu ngha, bt y kinh bt liu ngha : Nn nng theo li ni hay kinh sch ch thng

Minh Thin & Diu Xun

S tch c Pht 9

Chn l rt ro, khng nn chp vo cc li ni hay kinh sch dng phng tin ch dy theo trnh ngi nghe.

Vy, qua cc cu chuyn c tnh cch huyn b, thn thoi, kh tin, qu v khng nn tin, cng khng nn chp l c tht hay khng c tht, qu v nn tm hiu ngha hay o l m cu chuyn ra. V hu ht nhng mu chuyn c tnh cch huyn b, thn thoi, kh tin v s tch c Pht u do chnh c Pht, ch T, ch Ha Thng hoc cc hc gi t ra v li ch ca ngi hu hc nh chng ta. Tht l ngy th kh di nu chng ta nu ra cu hi : Chuyn ng Gi Nol, chuyn Con Qu v Con Chn ca La Fontaine, chuyn Lc Long Qun ly b u C sanh ra 100 trng... l c tht hay khng c tht ?

Ngoi ra, chng ta cng nn cn c vo Ba Php n ca c Th Tn bit gio l no ng l do ngi ch dy hay khng phi do ngi ch dy. Ba Php n l V Thng, V Ng, Nit Bn theo Pht gio Nguyn thy, hay Khng, V Tng, V Tc (V Nguyn) theo Pht gio i tha.

Chng ti mong rng quyn S Tch c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni ny c th mang n cho qu v c gi mt ci nhn y , ng n v

Minh Thin & Diu Xun

S tch c Pht 10

cuc i c Pht v Gio l gic ng v gii thot ca ngi ch dy.

Trong khi son tho quyn S Tch c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni ny d nhin chng ti phi tra cu cc ti liu hin hnh, nhiu khi phi trch dn nguyn vn, khng dm sa i, theo ng tinh thn "Vn d ti o, thut nhi bt tc". V li ch chung ca ngi hc Pht, chng ti chn thnh cu xin qu v tc gi cc ti liu tham cu vui lng thng cm v tha th. D vi s c gng ca chng ti, cc ti liu hin nay v s tch c Pht vn cn rt nhiu thiu st v sai lm, chng ti rt mong cc v thc gi vui lng ch bo thm chng ti c th nh chnh v b tc thm vo k ti bn ti. Nam m Bn S Thch-Ca Mu-Ni Pht.

Vit ti Antony, Php quc, ma thu nm 2004.

Minh - Thin Trn - Hu - Danh

Minh Thin & Diu Xun

S tch c Pht 11

Minh Thin & Diu Xun

S tch c Pht 12

M C LC

Li m u ..................................................7 Bn Pht tch........................................33 Cc on truyn gio ca vua ASOKA ..35 Ph h Thi t Siddhattha.......................38 Mu h Thi t Siddhattha......................40 Cch c ch Pali v Sanscrit: ................41

A- TIN THN C PHT THCH CA MU NI..........................................................43

1- B tt Sumedha (Thin Hu) .................43 2- B tt Vessantra (H Minh).................47

B- C PHT N SANH.........................50 1- Lai lch h Gotama v b tc Skya .....50 2- Lc mi sanh (nm -623) .......................55 3- Sau khi sanh ............................................61

C- THI GIAN LM THI T .................64 1- Thi th u..............................................64

Siddhattha d l h in ..........................64 Siddhattha hc vn ...................................66 Siddhattha hc v .....................................68 Siddhattha cu chim thin nga................69

2- Tui trng thnh ..................................70 Siddhattha lp gia nh ............................70 Thi t Siddhattha nh i nguyn ........79

Minh Thin & Diu Xun

S tch c Pht 13

Thi t Siddhattha do chi bn ca thnh.......................................................... 82 Thi t Siddhattha xin php xut gia..... 87

D- THI GIAN XUT GIA HC O .... 94 1- Ra i (nm -595)..................................... 94 2- V o s th nht : lra Klma .... 103 3- V o s th nh : Uddaka Rmaputta.................................................................... 109 4- Su nm tu kh hnh ti Uruvel....... 112

E- C PHT THNH O .................. 120 1- Chn li tu trung o........................... 121 2- m thnh o (nm -589).................. 124 3- Tun l u tin sau khi thnh o .... 138 4- Tun l th hai sau khi thnh o...... 143 5- Tun l th ba sau khi thnh o....... 146 6- Tun l th t sau khi thnh o ....... 147 7- Tun l th nm sau khi thnh o.... 148 8- Tun l th su sau khi thnh o ..... 151 9- Tun l th by sau khi thnh o..... 152 10- Hai thin tn u tin ......................... 157

F- C PHT THUYT PHP LN U TIN ............................................................ 160

1- Ln ng i Lc Uyn ....................... 161 2- ng Kondanna v 4 ngi bn xut gia.................................................................... 164 3- c Pht thuyt kinh Chuyn Php Lun (nm -589) ................................................. 167

Minh Thin & Diu Xun

S tch c Pht 14

4- c Pht thuyt kinh V ng tng ...177 5- ng Yasa v 4 ngi bn xut gia ......180

G- T H TH NHT N H TH 5.184 1- H th nht ti Lc Uyn (nm -589) .185

Nm mi ngi bn khc ca ng Yasa xin xut gia ..............................................186 Pht trao s mnh hong php cho cc v T kheo ....................................................187 ng Punna Mantniputta v 29 ngi bn xut gia.....................................................189 ng Uruvel Kassapa, 2 ngi em, v 1000 t xut gia..................................191 c Pht ni Kinh La (Aditta Pariyaya)..................................................................205

2- H th 2 ti Venuvana (nm -588)......207 Pht vua Bimbisra ...........................207 Pht ging nm gii ca ngi c s .....214 Pht k chuyn cy bng s ...................218 Vua Bimbisra cng dng ng uyn Venuvana.................................................224 Hai ng Sriputta, Moggallna v 155 ngi bn xut gia ..................................226 Pht thnh lp tinh x u tin Venuvana..................................................................231 Kludyi thnh Pht v thm vua Suddhodana.............................................237 Pht ng Dghanakha........................240

Minh Thin & Diu Xun

S tch c Pht 15

D lun chng i Pht ti Rjagaha... 246 Ambapli v Jvaka gp Pht ............... 248 Pht v Kapilavatthu, ng ti vn Nigrodha ................................................. 254 Nand xut gia........................................ 270 Rhula xut gia....................................... 272 Pht thuyt php ln th ba trong hong cung ......................................................... 276 Pht n thnh ph Anupiya thuc x Malla........................................................ 279

3 - H th 3 ti Venuvana (nm -587) .... 286 Em b cng bnh bng t vo bt Pht.................................................................. 286 B la mn Akkosaka ph bng Pht ..... 287 Ngoi o o hm la hi Pht ........... 288 Mah Kassapa (Ma ha Ca Dip) xut gia.................................................................. 289 Bhaddiya ng o................................... 291 Pht ng Sudatt Anthapindika (Cp C c).................................................... 293 Sudatt v Sriputta i Svatthi........... 296 Sudatt mua vn ca thi t Jeta....... 298 Pht th trai ti vn xoi ca b Ambapli ti Vesli ................................ 302 Pht th trai ti cung in cc Vng t Licchavi ................................................... 305 Sriputta rc Pht i Svatthi............ 307

Minh Thin & Diu Xun

S tch c Pht 16

Con ch gi h vng ...............................312 Pht dy c by hng v trn th gian..313 Pht dy c thng l c kh.................315 Pht vua Pasenadi .............................319 Pht cho ngi gnh phn tn Sunita xut gia ..............................