Islam(Arabic for “surrender to God”)

Where is Islam practiced?

Monotheistic Religions

Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad

Noah, Abraham, Moses, & Jesus

Noah

Abraham

Moses

Important prophets(Messengers)

Ramadan

Eid al-Fitr (last day of Ramadan)

Eid el-Adha (to remember Abraham’s sacrifice)

Easter

Christmas

Passover

Rosh Hashanah

Yom Kippur

Chanakkuh

Major holidays

MosqueChurchSynagoguePlace of worship

ImamPriestRabbiClergy

The KoranThe Bible

(Old Test. + N.T.)Hebrew Bible (Old Testament)

Sacred text

Mecca, Medina, & Jerusalem

JerusalemJerusalemHoly city

610 CE33 CE2000 BCEDate founded

1.5 billion2.1 billion14 millionNumber of followers

MuslimsChristiansJewsFollowers

ONE!ONE!ONE!# of gods

Point for Peace?

IslamChristianityJudaismCategory

why do you consider the sacred texts to

be a “Point of Peace”?

Jews, Christians, and Muslims all read

different books!

The Hebrew Bible, the Holy Bible, and

the Koran tell many of the same stories

about many of the same prophets!

The Torah

(the first five books of the

Hebrew Bible)

Common Prophets

• The Koran mentions

_________ 25 timesAdam

• The Koran mentions

_________ 43 times

Common Prophets

Noah

• The Koran mentions

_________ 69 times

Common Prophets

Abraham

• The Koran

mentions

___________ 139

times!

Common Prophets

Moses

• The Koran mentions __________ 25 times

Common Prophets

Jesus

Important Prophets

JEWS

CHRISTIANS

MUSLIMS

• The Koran mentions Jesus 25 times– "O People of the Book!

Commit no excesses in your religion: Nor say of Allah aught but the truth. Christ Jesus…was (no more than) an apostle of Allah, and His Word, which He bestowed on Mary, and a spirit proceeding from Him: so believe in Allah and His apostles. Say not "Trinity" : desist: it will be better for you: for Allah is one Allah. Glory be to Him: (far exalted is He) above having a son.”

– Allah = name for God in Islam

Common Prophets:

Jesus

The Last Prophet?

• Who do Christians believe was the last

prophet?

CHRISTIANS

The Last Prophet?

MUSLIMS

• Who do Muslims believe was the last

prophet?

Why doesn’t Muhammad have a

face in these pictures?

• It is considered

blasphemy to draw

Muhammad’s face

– Blasphemy = disrespect

for God or holy things

The Last Prophet:

Muhammad

• Muhammad was born in 570 AD in Mecca

• At that time, most people from Mecca were polytheistic and worshipped 360 gods– Polytheism: belief in

many gods

– poly = many; theo = god

• Muhammad was dissatisfied with his life, so he went to meditate in a cave

Four Important Events in

Muhammad’s Life

• Muhammad receives message from Allah

• Muhammad journeys to Jerusalem

• Muhammad flees to Medina

• Muhammad returns to Mecca with army

Muhammad Receives Message From Allah

610 CE

• The angel Gabrielvisited Muhammad and said:

• “Recite in the name of thy Lord who created! He created man from a clot of blood. Recite; and thy Lord is the Most bountiful, He who hath taught by the pen, taught man what he knew not.”– The Koran

The Koran

• Muhammad’s messages from Gabriel over the next 22 years became the Koran

• Muslims believe that the Koran completes the holy writings of the Jews and the Christians, but it is even holier because it is made up of Allah’s actual words

Muslims fast from

sunrise to sunset during

the month of Ramadan

to remember the first

messages Muhammad

received from Allah

Fast = to not eat

Muhammad receives first message from Allah

• In your notes, provide

a summary for the

event “Muhammad

receives first message

from Allah – 610 CE”

• Be sure to use the

following words:

Muhammad, Gabriel,

recite, Koran

DO NOW: Check homework

Four Important Events in

Muhammad’s Life

• Muhammad receives message from Allah

• Muhammad journeys to Jerusalem

• Muhammad flees to Medina

• Muhammad returns to Mecca with army

Muhammad’s

Night Journey

620 CE

• “Glory to (Allah)

who did take His

servant for a

Journey by night

from the Sacred

Mosque to the

farthest Mosque.”

– The Koran

• Muhammad was praying

at the Ka’bah in Mecca

when the angel Gabriel

brought him a buraq

• The buraq carried

Muhammad to a mosque

in Jerusalem

Muhammad prayed

with Jewish and Christian prophets

• Muhammad tethered the buraq to the Wailing Wall and then led Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus in prayer

• Muhammad toured the seven circles of heaven– He saw an angel with 70,000

heads, each head having 70,000 mouths, each mouth having 70,000 tongues, each tongue speaking 70,000 languages; and every one singing Allah's praises

• That’s 24 quintillion languages!

• Allah told Muhammad to pray 50 times a day

• Moses warned Muhammad that 50 times is too much

• Muhammad convinced Allah to lower it to 5 times a day

Muhammad rose to heaven

to meet with Allah

Jerusalem TodayJews call this holy place The Temple Mount

Muslims call this place The Noble Sanctuary

The Western Wall

aka the Wailing Wall

Al Aqsa MosqueDome of the Rock

Muhammad journeys to Jerusalem

• In your notes, provide a

summary for the event

“Muhammad journeys to

Jerusalem – 620 CE”

• Be sure to use the following words: Key vocabulary: buraq, Jerusalem, Western Wall, Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, prayer, heaven, angel, Allah

Four Important Events in

Muhammad’s Life

• Muhammad receives message from Allah

• Muhammad journeys to Jerusalem

• Muhammad flees to Medina

• Muhammad returns to Mecca with army

The Persecution of Muhammad

• T • People traveled to Mecca from all

over the world to pray to 360 gods

at the Ka’bah

• For a while, this made Mecca

very rich!

• However, once Muhammad

started to preach about ONE god,

less people came to the Ka’bah and

Meccan merchants made less

money.

• ROLE PLAY: If you sit on the

right, pretend you are a Meccan

merchant. If you sit on the left,

pretend you are Muhammad.

• Meccan merchant, tell

Muhammad how you feel.

• Muhammad, defend yourself!

•Meccan merchants began to

dislike Muhammad, and so they

boycotted Muslim businesses

• boycott: to refuse to buy

something

• Meccan merchants even

threatened to kill Muhammad!

• Review:

• How were the Jews

persecuted?

• How were the Christians

persecuted?

One Form of Persecution: Boycott

• Around 620 CE,

Muslim businesses

were boycotted.

• In 1933, the Germans

began to boycott

Jewish businesses.

This is how the

Holocaust began. A Nazi officer posts a sign that reads:

“Germans! Defend yourselves! Do

not buy from Jews!”

The Persecution of Muhammad

• Muhammad tried to convince the polytheistic Meccans that only one God exists

• Even after he split the moon in half, most Meccans did not believe him!

• So, Muhammad had to flee to Medina to save his life!

Don’t you people ever get confused with 360 gods? Do

you have 360 gods for the 360 degrees of a circle that

your head spins when you try to remember all of their

names? I can hardly remember all the names of my wives

much less the names of 360 gods. Do you really think that

you have a better chance at getting what you want just

because you have more gods? Well, I only have one God

and he’s Allah need… get it? No? Okay, okay, fine, put

down your swords already. I’m gonna run away to Medina

for eight years, but I promise you, when I return, I’m gonna

Mecca you a Muslim!

Muhammad and

the “People of the Book”• Many Jews and Christians lived in Medina

• Muhammad asked his followers to respect

Christians and Jews

• Like Muslims, these “People of the Book”

believed in one God

• In the Constitution of Medina, Muhammad

declared that Muslims will be allies with

Christians and Jews

Muhammad and

the “People of the Book”• In 627 CE, the

polytheistic

Meccans

besieged Medina

• Muhammad

believed that the

Jews would

betray him and

take the side of

the Meccans

We must

defend

Medina!

Pray to 360

gods or

DIE!

Muhammad and

the “People of the Book”• In 627 CE, the

polytheistic Meccans

besieged Medina

• Muhammad believed

that the Jews would

betray him and take the

side of the Meccans

• Muhammad and his

followers killed 600-900

Jewish people

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

1948 - ???

Muhammad flees to Medina

• In your notes, provide a

summary for the event

“Muhammad flees to

Medina”

• Be sure to use the following words: Key vocabulary: polytheists, persecute, boycott, Medina, People of the Book

Four Important Events in

Muhammad’s Life

• Muhammad receives message from Allah

• Muhammad journeys to Jerusalem

• Muhammad flees to Medina

• Muhammad returns to Mecca with army

Muhammad Returns to Mecca

• Eight years later,

Muhammad

returned to

Mecca with an

army of 10,000

In the Ka’bah, Muhammad destroyed statues of

the 360 gods. He declared that the Ka’bah should

be for just ONE god: Allah.

polytheistic monotheistic

Muhammad returns to Mecca

• In your notes, provide a

summary for the event

“Muhammad flees to

Medina”

• Be sure to use the following words: army, Mecca, Ka’bah (the big black building), 360 gods, one god

Muhammad died in 632 and

was buried in Medina