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WWIIPartII

WhilethewarwascomingtoanendinEurope,theAlliescontinuedtofighttheJapaneseinthePacific

*Japanese Attack

*In response to the Japanese invasion of French Indo-China, the U.S. did the following:1. Placed a ban on the sale of scrap

metal to Japan (used to make weapons)

2. Placed an embargo on oil (no oil trade)3. Would not allow the Japanese to

withdraw money from U.S. banks

*Pearl Harbor

*U.S. Pacific Naval Fleet stationed at Pearl Harbor.*December 7, 1941 – Pearl Harbor attacked. Roosevelt calls

this “a day that will live in infamy.” *U.S. had sent all of its aircraft carriers and most of its

planes to sea. *Japanese disabled 19 ships, destroyed 188 airplanes,

wounded 1,100 and killed 2,400.*U.S. declares war on Japan on December 8, 1941.

AftertheattackonPearlHarbor,theUSAsenttroopstothePacifictheater

TheturningpointinthewarinthePacificcameattheBattleofMidwayAfterMidway,theAlliesbegantoregainislands

controlledbyJapan

ThePacificwarrevealedanewkindoffightingbyusingaircraftcarriers

Japandidnotplaybytraditionalrulesinwar

“Kamikaze”pilotsflewplanesintobattleships

&aircraftcarriers

Japanesesoldiersrefusedtosurrender&torturedAlliedprisonersofwar

TheproblemfortheAllieswasthetime&troops itwouldcosttoretakethethousandsofislandstheJapanese

controlledinthePacificTheU.S.developedanisland-hoppingstrategy

toskiptheheavilydefended islands& seizeislandsclosetoJapan

ThefightforGuadalcanaltook6months&cost25,000Japanese&2,000U.S.lives

In1945,theAllieswontheislandsofIwoJima&Okinawa

Fromtheseislands,theU.S.beganfirebombing

Japanesecities

ByMay1945,thewarinEuropewasover&

U.S.beganpreparingforalandinvasionofJapan

DespitelosingcontrolofthePacific&withstandingfirebombattacks,Japanrefusedtosurrender

…But,perhapsalandinvasionwasnotnecessary…

InJuly1945,theBigThreemetatthe

PotsdamConferencetodiscusstheendofWWII

Trumanlearnedtheatomicbombwasready&issuedthePotsdamDeclarationtoJapan:“surrender

orfacedestruction”

TheManhattanProject

RobertOppenheimerwasputinchargeofdevelopingthebomb

From1942-1945,anumberofsecretlabsacrossthe

countrydeveloped&builtthebomb

PhysicistEnricoFermiattheUniversityofChicagodeveloped

thenuclearreactionNuclearplantinHanford,WAdevelopedtheplutonium

ThebombwasconstructedinasecretcityinOakRidge,TN

InJuly1945,thebombwassuccessfullytestedatLosAlamos,NewMexicoduringProjectTrinity

America:StoryofUs:TheManhattanProject

InApril1945,FDRdied&hisVPHarryTrumanhadtodecidehowtoendthewarinthePacific

WhenJapanrefusedtosurrender,Trumanorderedthe

bombingofHiroshimaonAugust6,1945

After3 days,Japandidnotsurrendersoa

2nd atomicbombwasdroppedonNagasaki

Afterthesecondatomicbomb,EmperorHirohitoagreedtoasurrender

WhethertoDroptheAtomicBomb:CriticalThinkingDecisionC

*The Atomic Bomb

*President Truman decided to drop the bomb in order to save American lives from a land invasion.

*TheManhattanProjectwasthenamegiventothesecretdevelopmentofthebombinlocationssuchasManhattan,NY;OakRidge,TN;andtheNewMexicodesert.*Hiroshima (August 6, 1945): around 70,000 killed instantly; 135,000 final death toll*Nagasaki (August 9, 1945): 40,000 killed instantly; 50,000 final death toll*Victory in Japan (VJ Day): August 15, 1945.

WorldWarIIwasoverinAugustof1945,butthepeacetreatywassignedonSeptember2,1945onthe

USSMissouri.