world war ii 1940-1945. causes world war i didn’t settle differences world war i didn’t settle...
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CausesCauses World War I didn’t settle World War I didn’t settle
differencesdifferences Harsh terms of Treaty of Harsh terms of Treaty of
VersaillesVersailles Especially on GermanyEspecially on Germany
Economic instability Economic instability following First World Warfollowing First World War
Italy and Germany look Italy and Germany look to Fascist dictators to Fascist dictators Solve ProblemsSolve Problems Return to GloryReturn to Glory
Aggressions of Axis PowersAggressions of Axis Powers Italy, Germany, Japan formed Axis Italy, Germany, Japan formed Axis
Powers by 1940Powers by 1940 Tripartite PactTripartite Pact
Italy conquered Ethiopia (1936)Italy conquered Ethiopia (1936) Albania (1939)Albania (1939)
Hitler repeatedly violated Treaty Hitler repeatedly violated Treaty of Versailles (1934-1938)of Versailles (1934-1938)
Germany annexed Austria (1938)Germany annexed Austria (1938) Conquered Czechoslovakia and Conquered Czechoslovakia and
Poland (1939)Poland (1939) Hitler also broke Munich and Nazi-Hitler also broke Munich and Nazi-
Soviet Non-Aggression PactsSoviet Non-Aggression Pacts Japan invaded Manchuria (1932)Japan invaded Manchuria (1932)
China (1937)China (1937) French Indochina (1940)French Indochina (1940) Bombed U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Bombed U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl
Harbor (1941)Harbor (1941) Wake Island (1941)Wake Island (1941)
Allied NationsAllied Nations Great BritainGreat Britain France (until 1940)France (until 1940) United States (1941)United States (1941) Soviet Union (1943)Soviet Union (1943) China (1943)China (1943) Italy joins in 1943Italy joins in 1943 Many smaller nationsMany smaller nations
WeaponryWeaponry Improvements made to:Improvements made to:
TanksTanks Machine guns/riflesMachine guns/rifles ArtilleryArtillery SubmarinesSubmarines Battleships & DestroyersBattleships & Destroyers
Aircraft used more Aircraft used more effectively:effectively: German LuftwaffeGerman Luftwaffe British Royal Air Force British Royal Air Force U.S. Army Air CorpsU.S. Army Air Corps Imperial Japanese Naval Air Imperial Japanese Naval Air
ForceForce Air Craft CarriersAir Craft Carriers
By 1942, dominated naval By 1942, dominated naval warfarewarfare
BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg German word for “Lightning German word for “Lightning
War”War” Fast moving tanks (Panzers) Fast moving tanks (Panzers)
and ground forcesand ground forces Mixed with air coverMixed with air cover
LuftwaffeLuftwaffe Effectively used against:Effectively used against:
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia PolandPoland HollandHolland DenmarkDenmark NorwayNorway BelgiumBelgium FranceFrance Soviet UnionSoviet Union
War Time LeadersWar Time Leaders Great Britain: Prime Minister Winston ChurchillGreat Britain: Prime Minister Winston Churchill United States: President Franklin D. RooseveltUnited States: President Franklin D. Roosevelt Free-French Forces: General Charles De GaulleFree-French Forces: General Charles De Gaulle
and General Henri Giraudand General Henri Giraud Soviet Union: Premier Joseph StalinSoviet Union: Premier Joseph Stalin Nationalist China: General Chiang Kai-chekNationalist China: General Chiang Kai-chek Germany: Adolf HitlerGermany: Adolf Hitler Italy: Benito MussoliniItaly: Benito Mussolini Japan: Emperor Hirohito & Japan: Emperor Hirohito &
Prime Minister Hideki TojoPrime Minister Hideki Tojo
19401940 April 9: Germany invades Denmark and April 9: Germany invades Denmark and
NorwayNorway May 10: Germany invades Holland, May 10: Germany invades Holland,
Belgium, LuxembourgBelgium, Luxembourg September:September:
U.S. begins military draftU.S. begins military draft Begins building air and naval fleetBegins building air and naval fleet Begins aiding AlliesBegins aiding Allies Japan joins Axis (Tripartite Pact): Japan joins Axis (Tripartite Pact):
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis formedRome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis formed November: President Franklin Roosevelt November: President Franklin Roosevelt
elected to third termelected to third term
Germany Conquers FranceGermany Conquers France Invades on June 5, 1940Invades on June 5, 1940 German Blitzkrieg goes around French German Blitzkrieg goes around French
Maginot LineMaginot Line Along French-German borderAlong French-German border
Invades through BelgiumInvades through Belgium Splits Allied lines in twoSplits Allied lines in two Manstein PlanManstein Plan
Half of Allied forces fled to DunkirkHalf of Allied forces fled to Dunkirk Churchill has them rescuedChurchill has them rescued
Rest of Allied forces surrender within Rest of Allied forces surrender within daysdays Including Paris Including Paris
June 14June 14 French government flees to BordeauxFrench government flees to Bordeaux Germans install French Vichy Germans install French Vichy
government government in the southin the south Lasts until Allied liberation in August of Lasts until Allied liberation in August of
19441944
Battle of BritainBattle of Britain Lasts from August through September 1940Lasts from August through September 1940 Fought in skies over BritainFought in skies over Britain Original plan:Original plan:
Luftwaffe bombs RAF spitfires on the groundLuftwaffe bombs RAF spitfires on the ground Then bomb RAF radar towersThen bomb RAF radar towers Then bomb major British citiesThen bomb major British cities Force British to surrender without invasionForce British to surrender without invasion
Luftwaffe gets boredLuftwaffe gets bored Begins bombing London and major citiesBegins bombing London and major cities
Causes much damage & loss of lifeCauses much damage & loss of life Winston Churchill wills his people to “never Winston Churchill wills his people to “never
surrender”surrender” British RAF holds off LuftwaffeBritish RAF holds off Luftwaffe Forces Hitler to abandon plans of invasionForces Hitler to abandon plans of invasion Moral victory for BritishMoral victory for British Bombing would continue intermittently Bombing would continue intermittently
through out warthrough out war
Battle of AtlanticBattle of Atlantic Lasts from 1940-1945Lasts from 1940-1945 British and U.S. Navy British and U.S. Navy
(Atlantic Fleet) square off (Atlantic Fleet) square off against German fleetagainst German fleet
Used battleships, Used battleships, destroyers, submarinesdestroyers, submarines
Aircraft Carriers make an Aircraft Carriers make an appearance later in warappearance later in war
Allied forces eventually Allied forces eventually prevailprevail
19411941 March 11: Lend-Lease Act March 11: Lend-Lease Act
passedpassed U.S. would lend and lease U.S. would lend and lease
used ships and planes to used ships and planes to BritishBritish
Proposed by RooseveltProposed by Roosevelt Passed by CongressPassed by Congress Helped U.S. economyHelped U.S. economy
August 14: Atlantic August 14: Atlantic Charter proposedCharter proposed Endorsed by Churchill and Endorsed by Churchill and
RooseveltRoosevelt At Atlantic ConferenceAt Atlantic Conference Met off coast of Met off coast of
NewfoundlandNewfoundland Vision of post-war worldVision of post-war world Led to creation of United Led to creation of United
Nations in 1945Nations in 1945
8 Points of Atlantic Charter8 Points of Atlantic Charter
No territorial gains were to be sought by the No territorial gains were to be sought by the United States or the United Kingdom. United States or the United Kingdom.
Territorial adjustments must be in accord Territorial adjustments must be in accord with the wishes of the peoples concerned. with the wishes of the peoples concerned.
All peoples had a right to self-determination. All peoples had a right to self-determination. Trade barriers were to be lowered. Trade barriers were to be lowered. There was to be global economic cooperation There was to be global economic cooperation
and advancement of social welfare. and advancement of social welfare. Freedom from want and fear.Freedom from want and fear. Freedom of the seas.Freedom of the seas. Disarmament of aggressor nations, postwar Disarmament of aggressor nations, postwar
common disarmament.common disarmament.
Germany invades Soviet Germany invades Soviet UnionUnion
Blitzkrieg begins early on Blitzkrieg begins early on the morning of June 22, the morning of June 22, 19411941 Called Operation BarbarossaCalled Operation Barbarossa
Violated the non-Violated the non-aggression pactaggression pact
September: German forces September: German forces had reached the gates of had reached the gates of Leningrad in the north Leningrad in the north Smolensk in the center and Smolensk in the center and
Dnepropetrovsk in the southDnepropetrovsk in the south German units reached the German units reached the
outskirts of Moscow in outskirts of Moscow in early December early December
Yet after months of Yet after months of campaigning, the German campaigning, the German army was exhausted army was exhausted Germans expected a rapid Germans expected a rapid
Soviet collapse Soviet collapse Planners failed to equip their Planners failed to equip their
troops for winter warfare troops for winter warfare Speedy German advance had Speedy German advance had
caused the forces to outrun caused the forces to outrun their supply lines their supply lines
Like Napoleon, Hitler’s Like Napoleon, Hitler’s forces got trapped in a forces got trapped in a Russian WinterRussian Winter
In December, the Soviet In December, the Soviet Union launched a major Union launched a major counterattack against the counterattack against the center of the front center of the front Driving the Germans back from Driving the Germans back from
Moscow in chaosMoscow in chaos
Japan bombs Pearl HarborJapan bombs Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941December 7, 1941 Plan was to knock out U.S. Plan was to knock out U.S.
Pacific FleetPacific Fleet Would allow Japan to expand Would allow Japan to expand
into Central and South Pacificinto Central and South Pacific First wave attacked at 7:53AMFirst wave attacked at 7:53AM
Second wave at 9AMSecond wave at 9AM Japanese sunk USS Arizona, Japanese sunk USS Arizona,
Oklahoma, Utah, West Virginia Oklahoma, Utah, West Virginia and other battleshipsand other battleships
Bombed planes at nearby Bombed planes at nearby Hickam Field and other air fieldsHickam Field and other air fields
Third wave wasn’t launched Third wave wasn’t launched because Japanese felt element because Japanese felt element of surprise was goneof surprise was gone
Failed to hit oil tanks Failed to hit oil tanks Failed to hit U.S. aircraft Failed to hit U.S. aircraft
carriers: Lexington, Hornet, carriers: Lexington, Hornet, EnterpriseEnterprise
Were at seaWere at sea U.S. and Great Britain declares U.S. and Great Britain declares
war on Japan on December 8war on Japan on December 8 Germany declare war on U.S. on Germany declare war on U.S. on
December 9December 9 Japanese also captured Guam on Japanese also captured Guam on
December 7thDecember 7th
1942 Pacific1942 Pacific January 7-April 9: Battle of BataanJanuary 7-April 9: Battle of Bataan
American-Filipino forces hold on for American-Filipino forces hold on for months against Japanese invasionmonths against Japanese invasion
FDR demands that Allied Commander FDR demands that Allied Commander Douglas MacArthur evacuate to AustraliaDouglas MacArthur evacuate to Australia
Allied troops finally surrender in AprilAllied troops finally surrender in April Prisoners are taken on Bataan Death Prisoners are taken on Bataan Death
March through the jungleMarch through the jungle Many die along way to Camp O’DonnellMany die along way to Camp O’Donnell
February 27: Battle of Java SeaFebruary 27: Battle of Java Sea Japanese try to invade Dutch East IndiesJapanese try to invade Dutch East Indies Allied forces intercept Japanese convoyAllied forces intercept Japanese convoy Allies forced to retreatAllies forced to retreat 11stst encounter with Japanese since Pearl encounter with Japanese since Pearl
HarborHarbor May 6: Corregidor falls to JapaneseMay 6: Corregidor falls to Japanese
Island fortress in Manila BayIsland fortress in Manila Bay American signal station thereAmerican signal station there Japanese occupy PhilippinesJapanese occupy Philippines
Allies Turn The Tide in the Allies Turn The Tide in the PacificPacific
April 18: Doolittle RaidApril 18: Doolittle Raid U.S. bombers attack military and industrial targets around TokyoU.S. bombers attack military and industrial targets around Tokyo Showed Japanese were vulnerable to air attackShowed Japanese were vulnerable to air attack
Retaliation for Pearl HarborRetaliation for Pearl Harbor May 7-8: Battle of Coral Sea--indecisiveMay 7-8: Battle of Coral Sea--indecisive
11stst battle completely fought by aircraft carriers battle completely fought by aircraft carriers Japanese sink more ships than AlliesJapanese sink more ships than Allies But Allies force Japanese to abandon plan to invade AustraliaBut Allies force Japanese to abandon plan to invade Australia
June 3-6: Battle of MidwayJune 3-6: Battle of Midway U.S. learns of Japanese plan to invade Midway IslandU.S. learns of Japanese plan to invade Midway Island Sink 4 Japanese carriersSink 4 Japanese carriers Turning point of war for U.S. NavyTurning point of war for U.S. Navy
June 6-7: Allies begin campaign to retake Aleutians from June 6-7: Allies begin campaign to retake Aleutians from JapaneseJapanese
August 21: Battle of Guadalcanal BeginsAugust 21: Battle of Guadalcanal Begins Allied strategy of “island hopping” beginsAllied strategy of “island hopping” begins Japanese had taken island to build airbase there for Australian Japanese had taken island to build airbase there for Australian
invasioninvasion Japanese hold on for six months against Allied invasionJapanese hold on for six months against Allied invasion One of bloodiest battles of Pacific theatreOne of bloodiest battles of Pacific theatre Allies take island on February 9, 1943Allies take island on February 9, 1943 Begins Allies Solomon Island CampaignBegins Allies Solomon Island Campaign
1942 Europe1942 Europe August 21-February 2, 1943: Battle of StalingradAugust 21-February 2, 1943: Battle of Stalingrad
Hitler’s forces try and take the strategic city on the Volga Hitler’s forces try and take the strategic city on the Volga RiverRiver
Then would march south into the oil fields of the Middle EastThen would march south into the oil fields of the Middle East Germans have success in early monthsGermans have success in early months Soviets get reinforcementsSoviets get reinforcements By February, Soviets force German army to retreatBy February, Soviets force German army to retreat 11stst large-scale defeat for Germans in Europe large-scale defeat for Germans in Europe
October 23-November 5: Battle of El-AlameinOctober 23-November 5: Battle of El-Alamein Rommel’s Afrika Korps tries to take Egypt and Suez Canal Rommel’s Afrika Korps tries to take Egypt and Suez Canal
from Britishfrom British British under General Bernard Montgomery hold off British under General Bernard Montgomery hold off
Germans and secure EgyptGermans and secure Egypt November 8: Operation Torch--U.S. forces land in November 8: Operation Torch--U.S. forces land in
North AfricaNorth Africa North African Campaign beginsNorth African Campaign begins U.S. troops to aid British in liberating Morocco, Algeria, U.S. troops to aid British in liberating Morocco, Algeria,
TunisiaTunisia
1943 Europe1943 Europe January 12-24: Casablanca ConferenceJanuary 12-24: Casablanca Conference
Churchill and Roosevelt meetChurchill and Roosevelt meet Discuss Sicilian and Italian CampaignsDiscuss Sicilian and Italian Campaigns
February 20-22: Battle of Kasserine PassFebruary 20-22: Battle of Kasserine Pass Rommel’s Afrika Korps defeats Allied forcesRommel’s Afrika Korps defeats Allied forces
May 13: Allied victory in TunisiaMay 13: Allied victory in Tunisia End of the North African CampaignEnd of the North African Campaign
July 9-August 17: Allied invasion of SicilyJuly 9-August 17: Allied invasion of Sicily Allies liberate from Axis controlAllies liberate from Axis control
September 3: Allies land at Reggio di CalabriaSeptember 3: Allies land at Reggio di Calabria Italian campaign beginsItalian campaign begins Southern Italy surrenders to Allies; Northern Italy remains in Axis Southern Italy surrenders to Allies; Northern Italy remains in Axis
controlcontrol September 9: 1September 9: 1stst wave lands at Paestum wave lands at Paestum September 10: Allies land at SalernoSeptember 10: Allies land at Salerno September 12-14: 2September 12-14: 2ndnd wave lands at Paestum wave lands at Paestum October 1: Allies land at NaplesOctober 1: Allies land at Naples October 13: Italy declares war on GermanyOctober 13: Italy declares war on Germany November 28-December 1: Allied leaders meet at Tehran November 28-December 1: Allied leaders meet at Tehran
ConferenceConference Joseph Stalin meets with Churchill and Roosevelt for the first timeJoseph Stalin meets with Churchill and Roosevelt for the first time Stalin demanded a Second Front be openedStalin demanded a Second Front be opened Discuss Allied invasion of western EuropeDiscuss Allied invasion of western Europe
1943 Pacific1943 Pacific November 1: Battle of Empress November 1: Battle of Empress
August BayAugust Bay U.S. Navy victoriousU.S. Navy victorious Secures landings at BougainvilleSecures landings at Bougainville
November 1-December 24: November 1-December 24: Battle of BougainvilleBattle of Bougainville Allied forces liberate the islandAllied forces liberate the island Ends the Solomon Islands CampaignEnds the Solomon Islands Campaign
November 21-24: Battles of November 21-24: Battles of Tarawa and Makin atollsTarawa and Makin atolls Tarawa one of the bloodiest Tarawa one of the bloodiest
conflictsconflicts U.S. Marines invasion helps liberate U.S. Marines invasion helps liberate
islandisland Allies liberate Gilbert IslandsAllies liberate Gilbert Islands
1944 Europe1944 Europe January 22: Allied January 22: Allied
invasion of Anzio Beachinvasion of Anzio Beach February 14-March 31: February 14-March 31:
Battle of AnzioBattle of Anzio Allies pinned down on Allies pinned down on
beach for weeksbeach for weeks Finally force Axis retreatFinally force Axis retreat
May 11-18: Battle of May 11-18: Battle of Monte CassinoMonte Cassino Germans take refuge in Germans take refuge in
ancient monasteryancient monastery Allies bomb and cause Allies bomb and cause
major destructionmajor destruction June 4: Allies liberate June 4: Allies liberate
RomeRome
D-Day: June 6thD-Day: June 6th Allied invasion of Normandy, Allied invasion of Normandy,
FranceFrance Called “Operation Overlord”Called “Operation Overlord”
Paratroopers “jumped” in behind Paratroopers “jumped” in behind German lines the night beforeGerman lines the night before
Helped secured beach landingsHelped secured beach landings Bombardment from armada Bombardment from armada
before landingsbefore landings Troops came ashore before 7AMTroops came ashore before 7AM
Landings at Omaha, Utah, Sword, Landings at Omaha, Utah, Sword, Gold, and Juno beachesGold, and Juno beaches
Heaviest opposition and Heaviest opposition and casualties at Omaha Beachcasualties at Omaha Beach
Allies finally come ashore and Allies finally come ashore and take coastal region and townstake coastal region and towns
Takes them several months to Takes them several months to “breakout” from coast“breakout” from coast
Many regard D-Day as most Many regard D-Day as most important event of 20important event of 20thth Century Century
August 15: Allied invasion of August 15: Allied invasion of Southern FranceSouthern France Operation Anvil/DragoonOperation Anvil/Dragoon Allies liberate France and Allies liberate France and
march toward German bordermarch toward German border August 25: Allies liberate August 25: Allies liberate
ParisParis
Operation Market GardenOperation Market Garden Allied invasion of HollandAllied invasion of Holland
September 17-25September 17-25 Allied plan to invade Allied plan to invade
Germany through HollandGermany through Holland Allied paratroopers make Allied paratroopers make
“jump” into occupied territory“jump” into occupied territory Initially a successInitially a success
Allies capture Waal Bridge at Allies capture Waal Bridge at NijmegenNijmegen
Eventually failedEventually failed Allied plan to advance across Allied plan to advance across
Rhine at Arnhem had to be Rhine at Arnhem had to be abandonedabandoned
Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge December 16-January 31, December 16-January 31,
19451945 Also known as Battle of the Also known as Battle of the
ArdennesArdennes Germans launch massive Germans launch massive
offense against Allied lines in offense against Allied lines in BelgiumBelgium
Near town of BastogneNear town of Bastogne Cause a “bulge” in Allied linesCause a “bulge” in Allied lines Allies get reinforcementsAllies get reinforcements Within weeks, drive Germans Within weeks, drive Germans
backback Force German retreatForce German retreat Last German offensive of warLast German offensive of war
1944 Pacific1944 Pacific February 1-8: Allies take KwajaleinFebruary 1-8: Allies take Kwajalein February 18-23: Allies take Truk and February 18-23: Allies take Truk and
EniwetokEniwetok Ends Marshall Islands CampaignEnds Marshall Islands Campaign
April 22: Allies take Hollandia, New April 22: Allies take Hollandia, New GuineaGuinea
Allies liberate New Guinea on September Allies liberate New Guinea on September 1717
June 15-July 9: Allies retake SaipanJune 15-July 9: Allies retake Saipan June 19-20: Battle of Philippine SeaJune 19-20: Battle of Philippine Sea
Also known as the “Marianas Turkey Also known as the “Marianas Turkey Shoot”Shoot”
U.S. Naval forces victorious over JapaneseU.S. Naval forces victorious over Japanese July 21-August 10: Allies retake GuamJuly 21-August 10: Allies retake Guam July 24-August 1: Allies retake TinianJuly 24-August 1: Allies retake Tinian
End of Mariana Islands campaignEnd of Mariana Islands campaign October 23-26: Battle of Leyte GulfOctober 23-26: Battle of Leyte Gulf
Last major naval encounter in PacificLast major naval encounter in Pacific Victory allows Allies to land in PhilippinesVictory allows Allies to land in Philippines Campaign would last until May 8, 1945Campaign would last until May 8, 1945
1945 Europe1945 Europe February 4-11: Allies leaders meet at YaltaFebruary 4-11: Allies leaders meet at Yalta
Last time Roosevelt would meet with Churchill and Last time Roosevelt would meet with Churchill and StalinStalin
Discuss plan for end of the European warDiscuss plan for end of the European war Getting the Soviets involved in Pacific warGetting the Soviets involved in Pacific war
February-March: Allies liberate Belgium, Luxembourg, February-March: Allies liberate Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlandsand the Netherlands
March 7: Allies secure the Ludendorff Bridge at March 7: Allies secure the Ludendorff Bridge at Remagen Remagen
Last standing span over the Rhine Last standing span over the Rhine Allies cross the Rhine RiverAllies cross the Rhine River
April 12: President Roosevelt diesApril 12: President Roosevelt dies Harry S. Truman becomes presidentHarry S. Truman becomes president
April 29: Italian Campaign ends in Allied victoryApril 29: Italian Campaign ends in Allied victory April 30: Hitler commits suicideApril 30: Hitler commits suicide May 2: Berlin surrendersMay 2: Berlin surrenders
May 4: Germany surrendersMay 4: Germany surrenders May 8: V-E DayMay 8: V-E Day
July 17-August 2: Allied leaders meet at Potsdam July 17-August 2: Allied leaders meet at Potsdam ConferenceConference
Truman and British Prime Minister Atlee meet Joseph Truman and British Prime Minister Atlee meet Joseph Stalin for 1Stalin for 1stst time time
Discuss ending Post-war Europe and war in PacificDiscuss ending Post-war Europe and war in Pacific
1945 Pacific1945 Pacific February 19-March 16: Allies take Iwo JimaFebruary 19-March 16: Allies take Iwo Jima March: Allies begin massive firebombing of March: Allies begin massive firebombing of
Japanese citiesJapanese cities March 3: Allies liberate ManilaMarch 3: Allies liberate Manila April 1-June 21: Allies take OkinawaApril 1-June 21: Allies take Okinawa
Last major conflict of Pacific theatreLast major conflict of Pacific theatre May 8: Philippines Campaign endsMay 8: Philippines Campaign ends August 1: Soviet Union declares war on August 1: Soviet Union declares war on
JapanJapan Invades Manchuria and KoreaInvades Manchuria and Korea
August 6: U.S. drops atomic bomb on August 6: U.S. drops atomic bomb on HiroshimaHiroshima
August 9: U.S. drops an atomic bomb on August 9: U.S. drops an atomic bomb on NagasakiNagasaki
August 15: Japan surrendersAugust 15: Japan surrenders V-J DayV-J Day
September 2: Treaty ending war in the September 2: Treaty ending war in the Pacific signed on board USS Missouri in Pacific signed on board USS Missouri in Tokyo BayTokyo Bay
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