world war i a new kind of war chapter 26 section 2 1
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World War IWorld War IA New Kind A New Kind
of Warof War
Chapter 26 section 2
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Charlie Chaplin
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Schlieffen PlanSchlieffen Plan
Germany’s plan to avoid a two front war
First phase was to invade France through Neutral Belgium.
Quickly Defeat France before Russia could mobilize
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By violating the neutrality agreement signed between Belgium & Germany, England declared war on August 4th.
This became known as the “Rape of Belgium”
With Great Britain entering the war on the side of the Allies, Germany was now forced to fight the two front war they had been trying to avoid.
The War becomes a stalemate
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Nations take SidesNations take SidesBy mid-August 1914, two sides at
war throughout Europe Central Powers—Germany,
Austria-Hungary (and other nations)
Allies—Britain, France, Russia (and other nations)
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Invasion ofInvasion of FranceFranceThe German army quickly
advances towards the outskirts of Paris
Early Sept., 600 Taxies are rushed back and forth to the front lines moving the troops
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First Battle of the Marne First Battle of the Marne September 5 – 12, 1914September 5 – 12, 1914
French Soldiers during the battle12
German soldiers during the 1st Battle of the Marne 13
The French and the British troops are able to hold the Germans at the Marne River
This battle ended Germany’s hope for a quick victory
Both sides will begin to dig deep trenches in order to protect their armies
Battle lines will barely change over the next four years
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Western Front as of 1916
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War in the TrenchesWar in the TrenchesTwo systems of trenches stretched
hundreds of miles, western EuropeMillions of Allied and Central Powers
soldiers in trenches of Western FrontBattles result in many deaths, small
land gains
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Life in trenches is miserable, difficult, - Rain produced deep puddles, mud - Lice, rats, bad sanitation constant problems - Removing dead bodies often impossible
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Over the TopOver the TopSoldiers ordered out of trenches to
attack enemySprinting across area known as
“no-man’s-land” a deadly gameThousands on both sides died, cut
down by enemy guns25
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New WeaponsNew WeaponsNew technology led to greater
numbers being killed more effectively
Neither side able to make significant advances on enemy’s trenches
Each side turned to new weapons like poison gas
http://www.history.com/videos/wwi-firsts#wwi-firsts 29
Poison GasPoison GasFirst used by the Germans, but
eventually used by all.There were different types of gas.
Some caused blindness, severe blisters, or death by choking
Value limited, must be careful of the wind
both sides developed gas masks30
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Additional WeaponsAdditional Weapons Rapid-fire machine guns in wide use Artillery and high-explosive shells,
enormous destructive power
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Artillery piece of the 320th. Artillery piece,"Cyclone ", and its escort on rail, registered ALPG.32. 9. P.3038. Hogstade.
(Belgium September 5th, 1917). 36
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TanksTanksTanks pioneered by British and
first used in 1916, in the Battle of the Somme
Could cross rough battlefield terrain (no man lands)
But Reliability was a problem
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AircraftAircraftAircraft most useful At beginning of war, mostly for
observation1915 Zeppelins were used to bomb
the coast of England Soon had machine guns, bombs
attachedFaster airplanes useful in attacking
cities, battlefields 42
ZeppelinsZeppelins
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AirplanesAirplanes
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Germany’s Red Barron: Manfred von Richthofen
Is credit for 80 “kills” against the Allies pilots 48
US top ace, Eddie Rickenbacker, with 26 victories. He survived the war.
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A Sopwith Camel rising from the flight deck of a lighter towed into the wind at top speed by a destroyer. This was the method used by Lt. S.D.Culley to take off when he shot down a Zeppelin off the borkum Riff lightship on 11th August 1918.
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Submarines Submarines
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AKA U-boats from the German word Unterseeboot
First used by the Germans in 1914Primary weapons were the
torpedoesAllies ships were forced to travel in
convoys to protect the merchant ships transporting supplies from the U.S. to Europe.
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The Eastern FrontThe Eastern FrontEastern battles were fought between
the Russians and Serbs against the AH and Germans along the German-Russian Border
The line was more mobile than in the west, because trenches were used very little
It was just as deadly, slaughter and stalemate were just as common. 56
Battle of TannenbergBattle of Tannenberg First battle on the Eastern Front, August
26-30, 1914The Russians are defeated after invading
E. Prussia Out of 150,000 men only 10,000 escaped,
92,000 were taken PrisonerThe Germans lost 20,000 menNews of the defeat is kept out of the press.
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Russia StrugglesRussia StrugglesRussia’s war effort was suffering
by 1916, many casualties, few supplies, due to slow industrialization
Huge size of Russian army keeps it a formidable force
Most importantly they prevent Germany from sending more troops to the Western Front 61
Southern Europe & BalkansSouthern Europe & Balkans
In 1915, Bulgaria joined the Central Powers against rival Serbia
Romania joined the Allies to gain land in Hungary
Italy joined the Allies to gain land in Austria, by a secret treaty.
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War around the WorldWar around the WorldJapan joined the Allies as an excuse
to capture German outpost in China and the Pacific
Allies take control of remaining German holdings in Asia, Africa
Britain and France use their colonial subjects to help in war effort
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Ottoman EmpireOttoman EmpireBecause of its strategic location
they were a desirable allyIF they had sided with the Allies,
the Central Powers would have been completely encircled.
Late October 1914, the Turks joined the Central powers
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The Gallipoli CampaignThe Gallipoli Campaign
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Cutting off crucial Allied supply line to Russia. Through the Dardanelles between the Mediterranean and Black Sea.
Allies sent British, Indian, Australian and New Zealander troops to capture Ottoman Dardanelles strait in February 1915
They battled for 10 months, defeated, they are out in January 1916, after losing 200,000 + troops
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Armenians CrisisArmenians CrisisA ethnic group living in the Caucasus
Mountains, part of them lived in Russia the rest in the Ottoman Empire
As Christians they were a minority, and did not have the same rights as Muslims
Some Turkish Armenians joined the Russians.
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The Ottomans used this as a reason to deport the entire population to Syria and Mesopotamia
During this time period 600,000 to 1.5 million died
Many were killed by planned massacres; others were starved by marching with no food (Genocide)
Others immigrated to other countries, Leaving none in their native lands
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33rdrd Front for the Ottomans Front for the Ottomans1916, in the Middle
East, Arab nationalist revolted, led by Husayn ibn Ali
The raids are successful and the Ottomans lose territory and eventually Baghdad
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Lawrence of ArabiaLawrence of Arabia
British Colonel T.E. Lawrence sent to support the Arab revolt
Lead guerrilla raids against the Turks
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