water and poverty searching for linkages

Andes BFP Team

Two Basins

Volta Andes

FOOD SECURITY

DIFICULTIES MEETING FOOD NEEDS VS LOCATIONDIFICULTIES MEETING FOOD NEEDS VS LOCATION

DIFICULTIES MEETING FOOD NEEDS VS LOCATION AND OTHER BIOPHYSCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

DIFICULTIES MEETING FOOD NEEDS VS LOCATION AND OTHER BIOPHYSCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

POVERTY IN DRYER AND LOW PRODUCTIVE PROVINCESPOVERTY IN DRYER AND LOW PRODUCTIVE PROVINCES

The Andes

Noel Trejos Chief Scientist in Integral Management

Meagan KeefeAgricultural Economist

Mario Aquirre Senior Officer

Water Program

Silvia Benitez Water Conservation

Programme Co-ordinator

Carmen Candelo ReinaGovernance and Livelihoods Program Director

Jairo ValderramaBiologist

Alonso MorenoNatural ResourceSustainable ManagementProgramme

Edwin PajaresDirector of Natural Resource Sharing Program

John PenderEconomist

Cauca University, Valle University, CAN, Proyecto GEF Paramo, CIAT, UNAL, CONDESAN, Kings College London, Universidad Autonoma,de Occidente,

Componenete Hídrico

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10

Califique; ¿Que tantoafecta el acceso al

agua, el bienestar de lasviviendas rurales?

Califique; ¿Que tantolimitan las

inundaciones, en lacapacidad de

producción de lasfamilias rurales

Andinas?

¿Las sequias causanperdidas en losrendimientos

productivos (agircolas,ganaderos,

industriales)?

¿Qué tanto consideraUd. que la

disponibilidad delrecurso hídrico es

relevante en lacapacidad deproducción

agropecuaria y elestado de pobreza de

los hogares de lascuencas Andinas?

Preguntas

Val

or

asig

nad

o c

om

o r

esp

ues

ta a

la

pre

gu

nta Promedio

Valor Minimo

Valor Maximo

La pobreza en Fuquene, Ambato y Jetequepeque (Chapalbay et al., 2007; La pobreza en Fuquene, Ambato y Jetequepeque (Chapalbay et al., 2007; Johnson et al., 2008; Gomez et al., 2005) Johnson et al., 2008; Gomez et al., 2005)

SubasinSubasin Key FactorKey Factor

FuqueneFuquene Alternative employment to Alternative employment to agriculture, health, inheritances, agriculture, health, inheritances, savings, no water related, no animal savings, no water related, no animal belongins relatedbelongins related

AmbatoAmbato Alternative employment to Alternative employment to agriculture, no water related, agriculture, no water related, animals stocksanimals stocks

Jeteque-Jeteque-pequepeque

Alternative employment to Alternative employment to agriculture, land property, agriculture, land property, education, health, subsistance education, health, subsistance crops, irrigation, animal stockscrops, irrigation, animal stocks

Agriculture in the EconomyAgriculture as a % of GDP

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Year

%

Bolivia

Brazil

Colombia

Ecuador

Peru

% of workforce in agriculture

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1961

1964

1967

1970

1973

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

Year

%

Bolivia

Brazil

Colombia

Ecuador

Peru

Migration in the Region

Annual Out Migration

0

50100

150200

250

300350

400450

500

1960-1965

1965-1970

1970-1975

1975-1980

1980-1985

1985-1990

1990-1995

1995-2000

Period

'000

s p

er y

ear Bolvia

Brasil

Colombia

Ecuador

Peru

Urbanization of poverty

Percent of Population Malnourished

E C U A D O RE C U A D O R

< 40

40 - 50

50 - 60

60 - 70

70 - 80

No Data

How Different are Regional Social Conditions?How Different are Regional Social Conditions?

Poverty Indigence

Urban Coast 44.1 8.7Rural Coast 75.2 29.5Total Coast 54.3 15.5Urban Highlands 45.0 14.6Rural Highlands 81.4 42.2Total Highlans 62.6 27.9Amazonian Basin 65.0 22.2National Total 58.4 21.4

Ecuador:Ecuador:

Consumption based Consumption based povertypoverty

Several indicators of poverty matchSeveral indicators of poverty match

• Poverty intensity according to the Poverty intensity according to the unsatisfied basic need methodunsatisfied basic need method• Human development index (literacy, Human development index (literacy, life expectancy and per capita GDP)life expectancy and per capita GDP)• Household consumption from small Household consumption from small area estimationarea estimation

Lessons• Poverty is context dependent• Related factors operate differently at different

scales of observation (e.g. education)• There are external factors not directly visible

from the basin (e.g. migration, regional economy)• Links between water and poverty are influenced

by intermediate factors (management, institutional arrangements, access to knowledge and technology)

Equity, inclusivness, trust, etc..

Which interventions enable poverty reduction and

increases in WUE

End