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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
THE CAMBRIDGE
HISTORY OF JUDAISM
VOLUME SEVEN
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF JUDAISM
FOUNDING EDITORS
W. D. Davies†
L. Finkelstein†
ALREADY PUBLISHED
Volume 1 Introduction: The Persian Period
Edited by W. D. Davies and Louis Finkelstein
1984, 978 0 521 21880 1
Volume 2 The Hellenistic Age
Edited by W. D. Davies and Louis Finkelstein
1989, 978 0 521 21929 7
Volume 3 The Early Roman Period
Edited by William Horbury, W. D. Davies and John Sturdy
1999, 978 0 521 24377 3
Volume 4 The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period
Edited by Steven T. Katz
2006, 978 0 521 77248 8
Volume 8 The Modern World, 1815–2000
Edited by Mitchell B. Hart and Tony Michels
2017, 978 0 521 76953 2
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
THE CAMBRIDGE
HISTORY OF JUDAISM
VOLUME VII
THE EARLY MODERN WORLD, 1 500– 18 1 5
VOLUME EDITORS
JONATHAN KARP
ADAM SUTCLIFFE
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
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It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit ofeducation, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence.
www.cambridge.orgInformation on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521889049
doi: 10.1017/9781139017169
© Cambridge University Press 2018
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2018
Printed in the United States of America by Sheridan Books, Inc.
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Control Number: 77085704
Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data(Revised for volume 7)Main entry under title:
The Cambridge History of Judaism / Edited by W. D. Davies and Louis Finkelsteinisbn 978-0-521-21880-1 (hardback)
I. Judaism – HistoryI. Davies, W.D. II. Finkelstein, Louis
296'.09'01 BM165
isbn 978-0-521-88904-9 Hardback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy ofURLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publicationand does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain,
accurate or appropriate.
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
This volume is dedicated to the memory of our colleague,
contributor, and friend Elliott Horowitz, a pioneering scho-lar of early modern Jewish history, and an inspiration in our
field, who died onMarch 18, 2017, as this volume was nearingcompletion.
הכרבלונורכז : May his memory be a blessing.
We also dedicate the volume to William (“Bill”) Pencak,
a leading scholar of early American history, includingAmerican Jewish history, and a passionately energetic writer,
editor, and teacher. Bill died on December 9, 2013, not longafter completing his contribution for this volume.
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
CONTENTS
List of Figures page xi
Introduction 1
JONATHAN KARP, History and Judaic Studies Departments,Binghamton University, State University of New YorkADAM SUTCLIFFE, Department of History, King’s College London
part i the world of early modern jewry, c .1500–1650 13
1 The Catholic Church and the Jews 15
KENNETH STOW, Emeritus, Department of Jewish History,University of Haifa
2 Judaism and Protestantism 50
R. PO-CHIA HSIA, Department of History, Pennsylvania State University
3 The Rise of Ottoman Jewry 77
JOSEPH R. HACKER, Emeritus, Department of Jewish History,The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
4 The Shifting Legal and Political Status of Early Modern Jewries 113
ANDREAS GOTZMANN, Department of Religious Studies, Universityof Erfurt
5 Jews and the Early Modern Economy 139
FRANCESCA TRIVELLATO, Department of History, Yale University
6 The Early Modern Jewish Community and its Institutions 168
ELISHEVA CARLEBACH, Department of History, Columbia University
part ii themes and trends in early modern jewish life 199
7 Iberia and Beyond: Judeoconversos and the Iberian Inquisitions 201
DAVID GRAIZBORD, Arizona Center for Judaic Studies,The University of Arizona
vii
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information
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8 The Establishment of East European Jewry 226
ISRAEL BARTAL, Emeritus, Department of Jewish History,The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
9 Linguistic Transformations: Ladino (Judeo-Spanish) 257
MATTHIAS B. LEHMANN, Department of History,University of California, Irvine
10 Continuity and Change in Early Modern Yiddish Languageand Literature 274
JEAN BAUMGARTEN, Emeritus, Centre National de laRecherche Scientifique, Paris
11 Jewish Book Culture Since the Invention of Printing(1469 – c. 1815) 291
EMILE G. L. SCHRIJVER, Jewish Cultural Quarter, Amsterdam,and University of Amsterdam
12 The Christian Study of Judaism in Early Modern Europe 316
THEODOR DUNKELGRUN, Center for Research in the Arts,Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Cambridge
13 Rabbinic Culture and the Historical Development of Halakhah 349
JAY R. BERKOVITZ, Department of Judaic and Near Eastern Studies,University of Massachusetts Amherst
14 Discipline, Dissent, and Communal Authority in the WesternSephardic Diaspora 378
YOSEF KAPLAN, Emeritus, Department of Jewish History,The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
15 Education and Homiletics 407
MARC SAPERSTEIN, Department of Jewish Studies,Leo Baeck College, London
16 Dimensions of Kabbalah from the Spanish Expulsion to theDawn of Hasidism 437
LAWRENCE F INE, Emeritus, Department of Religion,Mount Holyoke College
17 Magic, Mysticism, and Popular Belief in Jewish Culture(1500–1815) 475
J. H. CHAJES, Department of Jewish History, University of Haifa
18 Sabbatai Zevi and the Sabbatean Movement 491
MATT GOLDISH, Department of History, The Ohio State University
viii contents
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information
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19 Science, Medicine, and Jewish Philosophy 522
ADAM SHEAR, Department of Religious Studies, Universityof Pittsburgh
20 Port Jews Revisited: Commerce and Culture in the Ageof European Expansion 550
LOIS C. DUBIN, Department of Religion, Smith College
21 Jews in the Polish–Lithuanian Economy (1453–1795) 576
ADAM TELLER, Department of History, Brown University
22 Jewish Piety and Devotion in Early Modern Eastern Europe 607
GLENN DYNNER, Department of Religion, Sarah Lawrence College
23 The Rise of Hasidism 625
MOSHE ROSMAN, Jewish History Department, Bar Ilan University
24 Enlightenment and Haskalah 652
EDWARD BREUER, Department of Jewish History, The HebrewUniversity of Jerusalem
25 Women, Water, and Wine: The Paradoxical Piety of EarlyModern Jewry 677
ELLIOTT HOROWITZ, formerly Department of JewishHistory, Bar-Ilan University
26 Jews, Judaism, and the Visual Arts 706
MARC M ICHAEL EPSTEIN, Department of Religion, Vassar College
27 Musical Dilemmas of Early Modern Jews 718
EDWIN SEROUSSI, Department of Musicology, The HebrewUniversity of Jerusalem
part iii the jewish world, c .1650–1815 735
28 Judaism in Germany (1650–1815) 737
DEBORAH HERTZ, Department of History, University of California,San Diego
29 The Making of Habsburg Jewry in the Long EighteenthCentury 763
M ICHAEL K. SILBER, Emeritus, Department of Jewish History,The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
30 The Jews of Poland–Lithuania (1650–1815) 798
FRANCOIS GUESNET, Department of Hebrew and Jewish Studies,University College London
contents ix
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information
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31 Jews in the Ottoman Empire (1580–1839) 831
JOSEPH R. HACKER, Emeritus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
32 The Jews of Italy (1650–1815) 864
FRANCESCA BREGOLI, History Department, Queens Collegeof the City University of New York
33 Locals: Jews in the Early Modern Dutch Republic 894
BART T. WALLET, History Department, Vrije Universiteit, AmsterdamIRENE E. ZWIEP, Department of Jewish Studies,University of Amsterdam
34 The Jews of France (1650–1815) 923
JAY R. BERKOVITZ, Department of Judaic and Near EasternStudies, University of Massachusetts Amherst
35 The Jews of Great Britain (1650–1815) 949
TODD M. ENDELMAN, Emeritus, Department of History,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
36 The Jews in the Early Modern Caribbean and the AtlanticWorld 972
W IM KLOOSTER, Department of History, Clark University
37 The Jews in Early North America: Agents of Empire,Champions of Liberty 997
W ILLIAM PENCAK, formerly Department of History,Pennsylvania State University
38 The Jews of Africa and Asia (1500–1815) 1022
TUDOR PARFITT, Department of Religious Studies, FloridaInternational University
39 The Jews of Iran in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 1046
VERA B. MOREEN, Independent Scholar
40 Toleration, Integration, Regeneration, and Reform:Rethinking the Roots and Routes of “Jewish Emancipation” 1058
ADAM SUTCLIFFE, Department of History, King’s College London
41 Looking Backward and Forward: Rethinking JewishModernity in the Light of Early Modernity 1089
DAVID B. RUDERMAN, Department of History, Universityof Pennsylvania
Index 1111
x contents
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information
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FIGURES
Map A Europe in 1559. Merry E. Wiesner Hanks, Early ModernEurope, 1450–1789 (Cambridge, 2006), map 5
page xiii
Map B Europe after the Peace of Westphalia, 1648. Merry E. WiesnerHanks, Early Modern Europe, 1450–1789 (Cambridge, 2006),map 10
xiv
Map C The Ottomans in the Mediterranean world, c. 1600. Adapted fromPalmira Brummett, Mapping the Ottomans (Cambridge, 2015),p. xviii
xv
Map D Jewish centers in early modern Europe. Adapted from JudithR. Baskin and Kenneth Seeskin (eds.), The Cambridge Guide toJewish History, Religion and Culture (Cambridge, 2010), map 6.1
xvi
8.1 Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, 1793,and 1795. Adapted from © User: Halibutt/Wikimedia Commons/CC-BY-SA-3.0
231
11.1 Siddur [Daily Prayers], printed decorated border with handwrittentext. Vienna, Aryeh ben Judah Leib of Trebitsch, 1712–14.New York, Library of the Jewish Theological Seminary, MS 9340.
303
11.2 Perek Shirah [Chapter of Song]. Vienna, Meshullam Zimmel benMoses of Polna (Bohemia), 1719. Zurich, Braginsky Collection,BCB 257.
304
11.3 Esther scroll, printed decorated border designed by FrancescoGriselini, with handwritten text. Venice, 1746. Zurich, BraginskyCollection, BCS 13.
306
11.4 Otot ha-‘Ahavah [Signs of Love], Hebrew manuscript on paper.Amsterdam, 1748. Amsterdam, Bibliotheca Rosenthaliana, SpecialCollections, University of Amsterdam, Otot 1748042.
307
11.5 Bah˙ya ben Asher, Kad ha-Kemah
˙[Jar of Flour], with five different
censors’ signatures: Camillo Jaghel, Luigi da Bologna 1600,Laurentius Franguellus, Renato daModena 1626, and Girolamo daDurazzano 1640. Constantinople, no printer, 1515. Amsterdam,Bibliotheca Rosenthaliana, Special Collections, University ofAmsterdam, ROG A-611.
312
xi
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information
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29.1 The Jews of theHabsburg Empire: late eighteenth century. EvyatarFriesel, Atlas of Modern Jewish History (New York, 1990), [34–5.]Map composed by Michael K. Silber.
766
32.1 The Italian states in 1750. Adapted from Francesca Bregoli,Mediterranean Enlightenment: Livornese Jews, Tuscan Culture, andEighteenth-Century Reform (Stanford, 2014). Copyright © by theBoard of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Jr. University. All rightsreserved, Reprinted by permission of the publisher, StanfordUniversity Press, sup.org.
866
36.1 African slavery in the Americas, c. 1770. Adapted from ThomasBenjamin, The Atlantic World: Europeans, Africans, Indians andTheir Shared History, 1400–1900 (Cambridge, 2009), [map 8.1]
976
xii list of figures
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information
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Map
AEuropein
1559.
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information
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Map B Europe after the Peace of Westphalia, 1648.
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information
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0 500 1000 1500 2000 km
0 500 750250 1000 miles
Tripoli
Algiers
Madrid
Lisbon
A T L A N T I C
O C E A N
Ottoman territory
Paris
Basel
Nice Florence
Rome
Tunis Sicily
Malta
Jerba
London
Antwerp
Amsterdam
FrankfurtPrague
Nuremberg
Crete Cyprus
Alexandria
Cairo
Medina
Mecca
Jerusalem
Aleppo
Famagusta
Van
Erzurum
M e d i t er
ra
ne
a n S e a
B l a c k S e a
Ca
sp
ia
n
Se
a
Istanbul
(Smyrna)A n a t o l i a
A
driatic Sea
Zante
Chios
Belgrade Bucharest
SofiaEdirne
Zara
ClissaRagusa
DurrësRumelia
Venice
Danube
Danube
ViennaEgriGran
RaabBuda
Hatvan
Sighetvar
Avlonya
Re
d
Se
a
Pe
r s i an
Gu l f
Salonika(Adrianople)
Izmir
Bursa
SafedBaghdad
Sarajevo
Rhodes
Damascus
Basra
Mosul
Map C The Ottomans in the Mediterranean world, c. 1600.
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-88904-9 — The Cambridge History of JudaismEdited by Jonathan Karp , Adam Sutcliffe FrontmatterMore Information
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Map D Jewish centers in early modern Europe.
xvi
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