tuesday!!!!! 12/13/11

Tuesday!!!!!Tuesday!!!!!

12/13/1112/13/11Bell RingerBell Ringer

1)1) Turn in any field trip Turn in any field trip papers and money. We can papers and money. We can take 2 more students!take 2 more students!

2)2) Pick up the midterm online Pick up the midterm online review paper off the front review paper off the front demo table and the Paper demo table and the Paper Midterm Review answer Midterm Review answer key.key.

ScheduleSchedule1. Bell Ringer

2. HW Check

3. Nomenclature notes

HOMEWORK: Review for your midterm !!!!!

PAP Chemistry

Man cannot discover new oceans unless he has the courage to lose sight of the shore.

I CAN……solve chemistry problems by being an independent, creative thinker.

Nomenclature

NOVA: Island of Stability….why can’t we just create new elements?

IonsIonsIonsIons CationCation: A positive ion: A positive ion

MgMg2+2+, NH, NH44++

AnionAnion: A negative ion: A negative ion ClCl, SO, SO44

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Ionic BondingIonic Bonding: Force of attraction : Force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.between oppositely charged ions.

Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesCharges

Group 1Group 1::Lose 1 electron to form Lose 1 electron to form 1+1+ ions ions

LiLi++ NaNa++ KK++

Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesCharges

Group 2Group 2::Loses 2 electrons to form Loses 2 electrons to form 2+2+ ions ions

BeBe2+2+ MgMg2+2+ CaCa2+2+ SrSr2+2+ BaBa2+2+

Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesChargesGroup 13Group 13:: Loses 3 Loses 3

electrons to form electrons to form 3+3+ ions ions

BB3+3+ AlAl3+3+ GaGa3+3+

Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesChargesGroup 14Group 14:: Lose 4 Lose 4

electrons or gain electrons or gain 4 electrons?4 electrons?

Neither! Neither! Group 14 Group 14 elements rarely elements rarely form ions. +/- 4form ions. +/- 4

Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesCharges

Group 15Group 15:: Gains 3 Gains 3 electrons to form electrons to form 3-3- ions ions

NN3-3-

PP3-3-

AsAs3-3-

Nitride

Phosphide

Arsenide

Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesCharges

Group 16Group 16:: Gains 2 Gains 2 electrons to form electrons to form 2-2- ions ions

OO2-2-

SS2-2-

SeSe2-2-

Oxide

Sulfide

Selenide

Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesCharges

Group 17Group 17:: Gains 1 Gains 1 electron to form electron to form 1-1- ions ions

FF1-1-

ClCl1-1-

BrBr1-1-Fluoride

Chloride

Bromide

II1-1- Iodide

Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesCharges

Group 18Group 18:: Stable Stable Noble gases Noble gases do do notnot form ions! form ions!

Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesChargesGroups 3 - Groups 3 -

1212:: Many Many transitiontransition elements elements have more than one possible oxidation have more than one possible oxidation state.state.

Iron(II) = Fe2+ Iron(III) = Fe3+

Copper (I) = Cu +1

Copper (II) = Cu +2

Predicting Ionic Predicting Ionic ChargesChargesGroups 3 - Groups 3 -

1212:: Some Some transitiontransition elements elements have only one possible oxidation state.have only one possible oxidation state.

Zinc = Zn2+ Silver = Ag+Tin ( II) = Sn +2

Tin (IV) = Sn +4

Latin names Latin names

You may see the Latin names for Fe, You may see the Latin names for Fe, Cu, and SnCu, and Sn Iron (II) = FerrousIron (II) = Ferrous Irong (III) = FerricIrong (III) = Ferric

Copper (I) = CupprousCopper (I) = Cupprous Copper (II) = CuppricCopper (II) = Cuppric

Tin (II) = StannousTin (II) = Stannous Tin (IV) = StannicTin (IV) = Stannic

Writing Ionic Compound Writing Ionic Compound FormulasFormulas

Example: Iron(III) chloride

1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!

FeFe3+3+ClCl--2. Check to see if charges are balanced.

3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion.

Not balanced!

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Writing Ionic Compound Writing Ionic Compound FormulasFormulas

Example: Aluminum sulfide

1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!

AlAl3+3+ SS2-2-2. Check to see if charges are balanced.

3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion.

Not balanced!

22 33

Writing Ionic Writing Ionic Compound FormulasCompound Formulas

Example: Barium nitrate

1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!

BaBa2+2+ NONO33--

2. Check to see if charges are balanced.

3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion.

Not balanced!

( )( ) 22

Writing Ionic Compound Writing Ionic Compound FormulasFormulas

Example: Ammonium sulfate

1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!

NHNH44++ SOSO44

2-2-2. Check to see if charges are balanced.

3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion.

Not balanced!

( )( )22

Writing Ionic Writing Ionic Compound FormulasCompound Formulas

Example: Magnesium carbonate

1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!

MgMg2+2+ COCO332-2-

2. Check to see if charges are balanced.

They are balanced!

Writing Ionic Writing Ionic Compound FormulasCompound Formulas

Example: Zinc hydroxide

1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! ZnZn2+2+ OHOH--

2. Check to see if charges are balanced.

3. Balance charges , if necessary, using subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than one of a polyatomic ion.

Not balanced!

( )( )22

Writing Ionic Writing Ionic Compound FormulasCompound Formulas

Example: Aluminum phosphate

1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES!

AlAl3+3+ POPO443-3-

2. Check to see if charges are balanced.

They ARE balanced!

Naming Ionic Naming Ionic CompoundsCompounds

Naming Ionic Naming Ionic CompoundsCompounds 1. 1. Cation first, then anionCation first, then anion

2. Monatomic cation = name of the 2. Monatomic cation = name of the elementelement

CaCa2+2+ = calcium = calcium ionion

3. Monatomic anion = 3. Monatomic anion = rootroot + + -ide-ide ClCl = chlor = chlorideide

CaClCaCl22 = calcium chlor= calcium chlorideide

Naming Ionic Naming Ionic CompoundsCompounds

(continued)(continued)

Naming Ionic Naming Ionic CompoundsCompounds

(continued)(continued)

-- some some metal forms more than one metal forms more than one cationcation -- use use Roman numeralRoman numeral in namein name

PbClPbCl22

PbPb2+2+ is cationis cation

PbClPbCl22 = lead( = lead(IIII) chloride) chloride

Metals with multiple oxidation Metals with multiple oxidation statesstates

Naming Binary Naming Binary (Covalent) Compounds(Covalent) Compounds

Naming Binary Naming Binary (Covalent) Compounds(Covalent) Compounds

-- Compounds between two Compounds between two nonmetalsnonmetals -- First element First element in the formula is in the formula is named firstnamed first.. -- Second element Second element is named as if it were an is named as if it were an anionanion..

-- Use prefixesUse prefixes -- Only use Only use monomono on second element - on second element -

PP22OO55 ==COCO22 = =

CO =CO =

NN22O =O =

didiphosphorus phosphorus pentpentoxideoxide

carbon carbon didioxideoxide

carbon carbon monmonoxideoxide

didinitrogen nitrogen monmonoxideoxide

PrefixesPrefixes

1 - mon(o) 1 - mon(o) 2 - di 2 - di 3 - tri 3 - tri 4 - tetr(a) 4 - tetr(a) 5 - pent(a) 5 - pent(a) 6 - hex(a) 6 - hex(a) 7 - hept(a) 7 - hept(a) 8 - oct(a) 8 - oct(a) 9 - non(a) 9 - non(a) 10 - dec(a) 10 - dec(a)

CClCCl44

NN22OO

SFSF66

carbon tetrachloride carbon tetrachloride

dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide

sulfur hexafluoridesulfur hexafluoride

C. Molecular C. Molecular NomenclatureNomenclature

arsenic trichloridearsenic trichloride

dinitrogen pentoxidedinitrogen pentoxide

tetraphosphorus decoxidetetraphosphorus decoxide

AsClAsCl33

NN22OO55

PP44OO1010

C. Molecular C. Molecular NomenclatureNomenclature

Common Acids you Common Acids you SHOULD knowSHOULD know

HCl Hydrochloric acidHCl Hydrochloric acid HBr Hydrobromic acidHBr Hydrobromic acid HNOHNO33 Nitric Acid Nitric Acid

HClOHClO33 Chloric Acid Chloric Acid

HClOHClO44 Perchloric Acid Perchloric Acid

HH22SOSO44 Sulfuric Acid Sulfuric Acid

HH33POPO44 Phosphoric Acid Phosphoric Acid

HCHC22HH33OO22 Acetic Acid (5% Acetic Acid is also Acetic Acid (5% Acetic Acid is also

known as known as Vinegar)Vinegar)