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Urban Transport Problems
The Challenges
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Urban Transport Problems(Geographical Challenges)
Cities are locations having a high
level of accumulation &concentration
of economic activities &are complex spatial structures that
are supported by transport systems.
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Urban Transport Problems(Geographical Challenges)
The most important transport
problems are often related tourban
areas, when transport systems, for
a
variety of reasons, cannot satisfythe
numerous re uirements of urban
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Urban Transport Problems(Geographical Challenges)
Urban productivity is highlydependent on the efficiency of its
transport system to move labour,
consumers & freight betweenmultiple origins & destinations.
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Urban Transport Problems(Geographical Challenges)
Among the most notable
urban transport problems?
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Urban Transport Problems(Geographical Challenges)
Traffic congestion & parking
difficulties.
Congestion is one of the most
prevalent transport problems in
city urbans.
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Urban Transport Problems(Geographical Challenges)
It is particularly linked with the
diffusion of the automobile, which
increases the demand fortransport
infrastructure, that has often not
been able to keep up with the
growth of mobility.
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Urban Transport Problems(Geographical Challenges)
Public transport inadequacy
Many public transport systems, or
parts of them, are either over or
under used.
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Urban Transport Problems(Geographical Challenges)
During peak hours, crowdednesscreates discomfort for users, while
low ridership makes many
servicesfinancially unsustainable,
particularly in suburban areas.
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Urban Transport Problems(Geographical Challenges)
Difficulties for pedestrians,bicycles
& motorcycles:
i) Outcome of intense traffic, where
their mobility is impaired.
ii) Lack of consideration for these
users in the design of facilities.
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Urban Transport Problems(Geographical Challenges)
Loss of public space
The majority of roads are publicly
owned & free of access.
Traffic flows influence the life &interactions of residents & their
usage of street space.
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Urban Transport Problems(Geographical Challenges)
More traffic impedes social
interactions & street activities.
People tend to walk & cycle lesswhen traffic is high.
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Urban Transport Problems(Geographical Challenges)
Environmental Impacts &
Energy
Consumption.
Pollution, including noise, generated
by circulation has become a serious
impediment to the quality of life &
even the health of urban
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Urban Transport Problems(Geographical Challenges)
Further, energy consumption byurban transportation has
dramatically
increased & so does thedependency
on petroleum.
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Urban Transport Problems(Geographical Challenges)
Accidents and safety.
Growing traffic in urban areas is
linked with a growing number of
accidents & fatalities, especially in
developing countries. As traffic
increases, people feel less safe touse
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Urban Transport Problems(Geographical Challenges)
Land consumption.
Between 30 and 60% of ametropolitan
area may be devoted totransportation.
An outcome of the over-reliance on
some forms of urban trans ortation.
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Urban Transport Problems(Geographical Challenges)
Freight distribution
The materialisation of the economy
has produced growing quantities of
freight moving within metropolitan
areas.
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Urban Transport Problems(Geographical Challenges)
As freight traffic commonly shares
infrastructures with passengers
circulation, the mobility of freight in
urban areas has becomeincreasingly
problematic.
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Urban Transport Problems(Automobile Dependency)
There are several dimensions to the
urban transport problems.
Most of them linked with thedominance of the automobile.
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Urban Transport Problems(Automobile Dependency)
Automobile use obviously produces
avariety of advantages such as
performance, comfort, status,
speed,& convenience.These advantages
jointly illustrate why automobile
ownership continues to grow
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Urban Transport Problems
(Automobile Dependency)
Several factors influence the growth
of the total vehicle fleet, such as:
Sustained economic growth(increase in income & quality of
life).
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Urban Transport Problems
(Automobile Dependency)
Complex individual urbanmovement
patterns (many households have
more than one automobile).
More leisure time &
suburbanisation.
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Urban Transport Problems
(Automobile Dependency)
Over time, a state of automobile
dependency has emerged.
Resulting to the diminution in the
role of other modes, thereby
limiting
still further alternatives to urban
mobility.
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Urban Transport Problems
(Congestion)
Congestion occurs when transport
demand exceeds transportsupply in
a specific section of the transport
system.
Under such circumstances, each
vehicle impairs the mobility of others.
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Urban Transport Problems
(Congestion)
The last decades have seen the
extension of roads in rural but
particularly in urban areas. Those
infrastructures were designed for
speed & high capacity, but thegrowth
of urban circulation occurred at arate
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Urban Transport Problems
(Congestion)
Investments came from diverse
levelsof government with a view to
provide
accessibility to cities and regions.There were strong incentives for the
expansion of road transportation by
rovidin hi h levels of trans ort
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Urban Transport Problems
(Congestion)
This has created a vicious circle of
congestion which supports the
construction of additional road
capacity & automobiledependency.
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Urban Transport Problems
(Congestion)
Urban congestion mainly concerns
two domains of circulation, often
sharing the same infrastructures:
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Urban Transport Problems
(Congestion)
Passengers
Access to an automobile conveys
flexibility in terms of the choice of
origin, destination & travel time.
The automobile is favoured at the
expense of other modes for most
trips, including commuting.
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Urban Transport Problems
(Congestion)
Freight
Since cities are the maindestinations
for freight flows (either for
consumption or for transfer to other
locations), trucking adds to further
congestion in urban areas.
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Urban Transport Problems
(Parking)
Parking consumes large amounts of
space. In automobile dependentcities,
this can be very constraining as each
economic activity has to provide an
amount of parking space proportional
to their level of activity.
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Urban Transport Problems
(Parking)
Parking has become a land use that
greatly inflates the demand forurban
land.
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Urban Transport Problems
(Accidents)
Daily trips can be either :
mandatory (workplace-home), or
voluntary (shopping, leisure,visits).
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Urban Transport Problems
(Accidents)
Mandatory is often performedwithin fixed schedules.
Voluntary comply with variableschedules.
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Urban Transport Problems
(Accidents)
Mandatory trips-mainly responsible
for peaks in circulation flows.~ about half the congestion in
urban
areas is recurring at specific times
of the day & on specific segments
of the transport system.
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Urban Transport Problems
(Accidents)
The other half is caused by random
events such as accidents &unusual
weather conditions (rain, storms,
etc)As far as accidents are concerned,
their randomness is influenced by
the level of traffic. Hi her traffic
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Urban Transport Problems
(Public Transport)
As cities continue to becomemore
dispersed, the cost of building &
operating public transportation
systems increases.
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Urban Transport Problems
(Public Transport)
In many cities additionalinvestments
in public transport did not result in
significant additional ridership.
Unplanned & uncoordinated land
development has led to rapid
expansion of the urban periphery.
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Urban Transport Problems
(Public TransportChallenges)
Decentralization
Public transit systems are not
designed to service low density &
scattered urban areas that areincreasingly dominating the
landscape.
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Urban Transport Problems
(Public TransportChallenges)
The greater the decentralization of
urban activities, the more difficult
& expensive it becomes to serve
urban areas with public transport.
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Urban Transport Problems
(Public TransportChallenges)
Fixity
The infrastructures of several public
transport systems, notably rail &
metro systems are fixed, while citiesare dynamical entities.
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Urban Transport Problems
(Public TransportChallenges)
This implies that travel patterns
tend to change and that atransport
system built for servicing a specificpattern may eventually face
"spatial
obsolescence".
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Urban Transport Problems
(Public TransportChallenges)
Connectivity
Public transport systems are often
independent from other modes &
terminals. It is consequently difficultto transfer passengers from one
system to the other.
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Urban Transport Problems
(Public TransportChallenges)
Competition
In view of cheap road transport
systems, public transport faces
strong competition.
The higher the level of automobile
dependency, the moreinappropriate
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Urban Transport Problems
(Public TransportChallenges)
The public service being offered issimply outpaced by the
convenience
of the automobile.
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