the skeletal system. skeletal system: made of connective tissue o bone: hard inorganic matrix of...

The Skeletal System

Skeletal System: Made of Connective Tissue

O Bone: hard inorganic matrix of calcium salts

O Compact: forms shaft and ends, contains space

O Spongy: trabeculaeO Cells: osteoblast, osteocytes, osteoclastsO Types: long, flat, irregularO Harversian system: cellular arrangementO Periosteum: Connective Tissue covering

O https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xXgZap0AvL0

Cartilage and Ligaments

O Cartilage:O Function: supportO Types: fibrocartilage, hyaline, and

elasticO Ligaments: attach bone to bone

Bone DevelopmentO Prenatal: cartilage modelO Fetus: some conversion to boneO Childhood: primary and secondary

ossificationO Adolescence: cartilage growth and

plate elongation

Bone Remodeling and Repair

O Changes in shape, size, strength:O Dependent on diet, exercise, age

O Cells are regulated by hormones:O Parathyroid hormone (PTH): removes

calcium from boneO Calcitonin: adds calcium to bone

O Repair: hematoma and callus formation

Functions of the Skeletal System

O Protection: encases most internal organs

O Support: allows body positionsO Movement: muscle attachments O Reservoir: calcium, phosphorus,

magnesium

Skeleton: Vertebral Column

O Vertebral column:O Regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar,

sacral, coccygealO Intervertebral disks: cushion vertebrae;

allows movement, flexibilityO Ribs:

O Twelve pairsO Bottom two pair floating

O Sternum: breastbone:O Three bones fused

Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

O Pectoral girdle: shoulder:O Clavicle, scapulas

O Pelvic girdles: hip;O Coxal bones, sacrum, pubic symphysis

O LimbsO Arms: humerus, radius, ulna, wrist and

handO Legs: femur, tibia, fibula, ankle and foot

ArticulationsO Classified by degree of

movement:O Fibrous joint: immovable (e.g.,

fontanels)O Cartilagenous joint: slightly

movableO Synovial joint: freely movable

Synovial JointsO Synovial capsule: synovial

membrane + hyaline cartilageO Synovial membrane secrete synovial

fluid for lubricantO Hyaline cartilage cushions

Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal System

O Strains: stretched or torn ligamentsO Bursitis and tendinitis:

inflammationsO Arthritis: inflammation of joints