the man who is leading the pure food and drug

THE WASHINGTON TIMES SUNDAY NOVEMBER 20 19-

0JT M Ail I p d-I S or ure I 00lM II

r jeadfIgM

Relentless Foe of AllWho Deal in Adu-

lterations

Earnest Work to Safe-guard Public From

FraudsGets Many Letters andKeeps Some Upon a

Funny File

I

Ch mcz LaboratoDept aT

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yAyricvli tire

The teat slat in pure food warwfll be red in the next aeseton of Con-gress if the hopes of Dr Harvey WWiley are realised-A bill empowering the authorities toexamine and paw upon the purity ofall domestic foods introduced into theStates and Territories of this countrycomes before the Senate for vote Alread has passed the House If it be-comes a law the chain wilt be oonpieteand bcd will be the way of the trans-gressor For there is a law already ineffect which provides for the inspectionof suspicious foods imported from for-eign laude With the proposed interstatelaw to working order the people of theUnited States will be assured protectionagainst manufacturers both Europeanand American What a great benefitthis wilt only be realised whenIt is known how many hundreds andthousands of frauds have been perpetrated here by the adulteration and falselabeling of foods imported sand manufactured in this countryIf all the IDs that flesh is heir tooriginate in the stomach a manymedical men would have us believe itcertainty behooves the great Americanpeople to be more careful what theyeat Already they have come to such-a pas that many of then Mre en predtgaeted food and havo prehistorictheories about eating only once or twice-a dayIt has been my ambition to live longenough to see the American people as-

sured pure foods said Dr Wiley to aTimor reporter and I hope that a fewweeks win see its fulfillment For morethan fifteen years I have worked to ac-complish this endDoctor Wiley the pure food man atwhom all manner of fun has been pokedby the Joke matter is by no means ajoke When he todk up the gauntletthrown down by a crowd of greedy para-sites who were making huge

the

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br caB

fortun

g to the public foods that werenot what they seemed he determined-to quash their nefarious practices Thiswork tram bona aside and apart from thelarge nmount of purely scientific inves-tigation which has been carried on bythe doctor as head of the Bureau otChemistry of the Department of Agri-cultureIn the fifteen years of work we havecovered and are covering all kinds offoods and drink continued Dr WileyTire results of these investigationshave been published hi Bulletinwhich when completed will have thir-teen parts Lets hope that this com-bination of numbers will bring hardluck to the fraudulent dealers Wewith dairy products and are endingwith hard drink And apropos of thesesass hard drinks I would say that Ido not object to the sale of Scotch whis-ky In thus country nor to the sale ofdomestic whisky either but what I doinsist upon to that what is sold aswhisky shall really be whiskyMjr personal experience with Scotchwhisky is rather limited tor I do notdrink K When I hi Edinburgh I

bouffet a bottle of the genuine stuff Intfrrhg te bring it to this country forexamination and comparison with theartJele sold here I packed it carefullyin my valise but that was the lent Iraw of It for my traveling companiondrank it all and left only the bottleHut there is no doubt that much of theScotch in the United StatesI gins of alcolio manufactured in sayPeorla

XMifMtitrra en the HipMace the manufacturers areto label all their products truth-

fully HOfto know exactly whattlny are getting And this is just whatwe have been working for so long Thewill get what he wants whathe arise for what be pays for Theeeled front tine cheatIf prevented from

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cheating In spite of the rumors to thecontrary there lute been little direct op-position on the part of the manufac-turers to the eaaetment of the pure foodlaws In the firet place to oppose lawsthat are on the surface only fair andjust to the public would be a decidedblack eye fqr the man who was tryingto put food stuff on the forconsumption by that public Norwill these pure food laws materially af-fect the commerce of the country except in a direction which should com-mend itself to allThe work on the pure foods has beenalong two separate lines chemical ex-

perimentation and the determination ofWhit were and what wer not pure foodsand the framing and carrying through-of the laws which should govern thesale of the foods A great deal of thehard work baa been necessary to organise the work of investigation alongscientific lines and to perfect the execu-tive organization But this is uuallythe GlUM with the establishment of anynew line of work There hive beendiscouragements at times but the workhas progressed and I hope to turn itover to my successor on a firm basisTen or fifteen years ago Dr Wileyused to spend a great deal of his timein the laboratory gluing the examina-tion of the foods his personal attentionBut today he does comparatively littleof the actual laboratory work thoughhe has entire supervision of the workand makes frequent visits to the workroom and test tube in hand helps thechemists with their experiments Thecorps working on the pure food expertmenu now numbers more than twentvfive and there are five separate laboratories in the Bureau of Chemistry whichare used solely for these investigationsIn addition to these rooms are thekitchen and dinning room which areused for the members of the trainingtable of which Dr Wiley isTest Table Again in Operatien

Ir1I trome

We have just begun the table againsaid Dr Wiley The men are eatingspecially prepared foods with a viewto learn the effoet of food adulterantssimilar to boraxNo we are not feeding them upon

cold storage food exclusively I expertto make experiments with oold storagefood but there will be no special tablestarted for them The frosen foodswill be tried on special subjects atdifferent times By the way I am notmaking war on cold storage for I con-sider it a great boon to mankind thathas been wonderfully perfected in thepast few years The experiments areonly to see how far cold storage canbe used safely I have some food Inview now which has been in coldfor two years This wilt be triedat the earliest opportunity Itto be in good conditionThe work with special tables for

food experiments is only in Its secondyear It hen proved a valuable addition to the experimentation with foodsLast year when the table first startedI u ed to do all the marketing myselfeven saw to the weighing of all thefood that was used on the table Butnow I have given this work to myassistants The executive work of thebureau occupies nearly all of twelveor fourteen hours of my day And ofthis at least half of it la taken up inInterviews Sometimes I spend wholedays listening to arguments of amatuerchemists answering questions of allkinds and being interviewed by news-paper menA very large percentage of the food

frauds which have been nraoeticed uponthe unsuspecting public those offalse origin I mean a manufactureror dealer will sell goods made in oneState or country as from some otherState or country A case of this kindearn Sato the office todsy jjment

appears

are

stor-age

a

of olive oil was received at New Yorklabeled Italian whereas the customsomeera have strong suspicions that thoil originally canto from Spain Ofcourse it is to the dealer advantageto say that the oil is from Italy be-cause from that country is suppcaed to be the best m the world Ifthe importer can veil this oil as Italianoil his profit will be much larger thanit if the oil was put on themarket as Spanish it a earnpie of what is attempted time

Is there any wonder that somelaw is necessary to prevent suit hoaxesand to prevent the cheating of thpublicOther practices which have been

common are the introduction of adulter-ants to food stuffs and the sale there-of without any mention of the factthat these adulterants had been addedthe substitution of foreign matter forvaluable constituents and the use ofcoloring matter law passed at thelast term of Congress In regard to theInspection of Imported foods has reduced such frauds to a minimum inimported foods and If the present billson through we will have the foodsof this country well In hand

Row the Laws Are EnforcedAlthough Congress has not providedtor a special corps of officer to ex-

amine the foods brought into thecountry and those manufactured andsold in the various States neverthe-less we have small difficulty In discover-ing the frauds Instruction has beengiven the customs officials to take carethat no impure be passed and ifthere is an suspicion of fraud samples-of the foods are brought to us forThey are sent either tothe laboratory here or to the sublaboratories in New York and SunAnother safeguard we have IB inthe manufacturers and Importers them-selves You many be sure that if their

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oil

be

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wouldoil flat

after-time

foolsex-

aminationFran-

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trade is being cut into by the sale ofadulterated or falsely labeled foodthey will not hesitate long before theybring the matter to the attention of theproper authorities In this way the Gov-ernment and the manufacturer worktogether to give the public the host thatthere is to ue had for the moneyWlllar1 D Blgelow Dr Wileys chiefassistant has direct charge of the ex-periments are now being madewith foods and food adulterations Allof analyses recorded in the variouslaboratories are brought to him for approval and then put on file The recordsare as complete as a carefully ar-ranged system can make them Thepresent experiments for which a spe-cial table been started go Into thethe minutest detain Every morsel offood that the twelve boarders eat Iscarefully weighed before It Is eaton andnote made of It Its effect upon thehealth and weight of the eater Is recorded as well Once a day before dinnerthe boarders must strip and weighin I might be embarrassing to haveevery morsel of food you oat carefullyexamined as to size and weight at anyother table than this of Dr Wileysbut here everybody Is treated the sameand big or little appetites are aocomodated to the satisfaction of all at leastIn the socalled fore period Three di-visions are made of each series of ex-periments namely the fore period whenIt is determined as nearly as possiblehow much food the body needs to maintain it as its normal weight the preser-vative period during which adulteratedfood Is allowed the boarders but theadulterant is left out The time as-signed to each of theso periods variesand the total time of thu experimentsvaries from seventy tlnys Theobject of the period 1 to restorethe boarder to his condition prece-dent to the beginning ot the experimen-tal period If there has boon any evilchange his physical

latch

the

has

w

after

times a day the guests of theBureau of Chemistry assemble in thebasement of the bureaus headquartersat Fourteenth and B Streets southwestwhere a dining room has been fittedup They are not loafers even if theyare getting their dally bread free ofcharge and they give a good imita-tion of JohnnyontheSpot everymorning at C oclock the breakfasthour conies at IS middayand dinner at S3 in the afternoonThe members of the hygienic table ofthe Bureau of Chemistry as it te of-ficially named must be on time as thefood has to be weighed and if they arlete they get cold meals The bltloffare is made as varied as possible asthe men ar kept under observation forsuch a long time Roast beef beef-steak lamb veal pork chicken andturkey are among the meats selectedFish oysters and eggs tine haveplaces en the list Flutter free fromcoloring matter and salt is used BggMmilk and cream are carefully selaetodfrom dairies inspected by the authori-ties of the District of Columbia Thevegetables of the season are chosen forthe table or If they cannot be hadvegetables preserved by sterilizationalone Fruits coffee and tea In smallquantities make up the rest of the bllloffare A rotary bltloMare is onlyduplicated onco every seven daysThe men at the table are not watchodor spied upon They are simply putupon their honor to follow the ruleslaid down by Dr Wiley and when theyleave the table for a period of recreation they are required to sign a paper tothe effect that they have faithfully observed these rules One thing that tho

Luncheon

Three

pother yedo La oYiztor