thayer australia: terrorism studies crippled by paralysis?
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8/14/2019 Thayer Australia: Terrorism Studies Crippled by Paralysis?
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Terrorism StudiesTerrorism Studies
Not aNot a recognisedrecognised disciplinediscipline
Weak research methodsWeak research methods Nearly half of terrorism literature written byNearly half of terrorism literature written by
political scientistspolitical scientists
80% of all research based on English80% of all research based on English--language secondary sources (mainly medialanguage secondary sources (mainly mediareports)reports)
13% of articles rely on interviews (but only13% of articles rely on interviews (but only1% are systematic or structured)1% are systematic or structured)
6% of articles give no sources6% of articles give no sources
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Terrorism StudiesTerrorism Studies
Weak research methodsWeak research methods
Patterns and relationships not being studiedPatterns and relationships not being studiedby use of inferential statisticsby use of inferential statistics
Research influenced by GovernmentResearch influenced by Governmentagenda andagenda and ‘ ‘terrorism industryterrorism industry’ ’
Media simplificationMedia simplification
Phenomenon of Phenomenon of ‘ ‘celebrity analystscelebrity analysts’ ’
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Greg SheridanGreg Sheridan’ ’ s 1st Propositions 1st Proposition
There has been an institutional failure byThere has been an institutional failure by
Australian universities and strategic community Australian universities and strategic communityto seriously address the threat of terrorism,to seriously address the threat of terrorism,especially in Southeast Asia.especially in Southeast Asia.
1.1. “ “there is not a single Australian researcher onthere is not a single Australian researcher onSoutheast Asian terrorism of internationalSoutheast Asian terrorism of internationalreputerepute” ”
“ “much of what they [universities] have comemuch of what they [universities] have comeup with in terrorism research is rubbish. Muchup with in terrorism research is rubbish. Muchof it is postmodern theoretical nonsenseof it is postmodern theoretical nonsense…” …”
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Greg SheridanGreg Sheridan’ ’ s 2nd Propositions 2nd Proposition
2.2. “ “The strategic community has failed because of The strategic community has failed because of
its continued paradigm paralysis, its chronicits continued paradigm paralysis, its chronicinability to regard terrorism as a seriousinability to regard terrorism as a serious
strategic issuestrategic issue” ” ..
“ “Universities and think tanks can take comfort inUniversities and think tanks can take comfort in
the chummy common room embrace of deadthe chummy common room embrace of dead
paradigms. But, in doing so, they offerparadigms. But, in doing so, they offersuboptimal service to their nationsuboptimal service to their nation” ” ..
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UniversitiesUniversities
ARC Centre of Excellence in Policing and Security ARC Centre of Excellence in Policing and Security Griffith University + ANU and University of QueenslandGriffith University + ANU and University of Queensland
Macquarie UniversityMacquarie University Centre for Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism (PICT)Centre for Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism (PICT)
Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism (Postgraduate StudyPolicing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism (Postgraduate Study
Pattern)Pattern) MonashMonash UniversityUniversity
Global Terrorism Research CentreGlobal Terrorism Research Centre
Research Network for a Secure AustraliaResearch Network for a Secure Australia Administered by the University of Melbourne Administered by the University of Melbourne
University of WollongongUniversity of Wollongong Centre for Transnational Crime PreventionCentre for Transnational Crime Prevention
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Think TanksThink Tanks
Australian Strategic Policy Institute Australian Strategic Policy Institute Local Jihad: Radical Islam and Terrorism in Indonesia Local Jihad: Radical Islam and Terrorism in Indonesia
(2005)(2005) Lowy InstituteLowy Institute
Joining the Caravan? The Middle East, Islamism and Joining the Caravan? The Middle East, Islamism and
Indonesia Indonesia (2005)(2005) Mindanao A Gamble Worth Taking? Mindanao A Gamble Worth Taking? (2006)(2006)
Strategic andStrategic and DefenceDefence Studies Centre (ANU)Studies Centre (ANU)
The Complexities of Dealing with Radical Islam in The Complexities of Dealing with Radical Islam in Southeast Asia: A Case Study of Southeast Asia: A Case Study of Jemaah Jemaah Islamiyah Islamiyah Canberra Papers on Strategy and Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence Defence No. 149 No. 149 (2003)(2003)
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SheridanSheridan’ ’ s 3 Specialistss 3 Specialists
Rohan GunaratnaRohan Gunaratna
SingaporeSingapore--government funding, head,government funding, head, InternationalInternationalCentre for Political Violence and Terrorism ResearchCentre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research
ZacharyZachary Abuza Abuza
Funding from U.S. think tanksFunding from U.S. think tanks – – Smith RichardsonSmith RichardsonFoundation, United States Institute for PeaceFoundation, United States Institute for Peace
Sidney JonesSidney Jones
Southeast Asia Project DirectorSoutheast Asia Project Director, International Crisis, International Crisis
Group (ICG)Group (ICG)
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Rohan GunaratnaRohan Gunaratna
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Review of Review of Inside Al Qaeda Inside Al Qaeda
The most disappointing book [of 5 underThe most disappointing book [of 5 under
review] is Rohanreview] is Rohan GunaratnaGunaratna’ ’ ss Inside Al Inside Al Qaeda Qaeda . Gunaratna. Gunaratna…… offers manyoffers many
interesting but poorly substantiatedinteresting but poorly substantiated
details. The book itself is more a datadetails. The book itself is more a data
dump than a comprehensive analysis.dump than a comprehensive analysis.
Daniel L.Daniel L. BymanByman,, World Politics World Politics (Oct 2003),(Oct 2003),141.141.
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Review of Review of Inside Al Qaeda Inside Al Qaeda
Of the five [books under review],Of the five [books under review], GunaratnaGunaratna’ ’ ss
book is the most problematic. Although it oftenbook is the most problematic. Although it oftenoverwhelms the reader in detail, many of its keyoverwhelms the reader in detail, many of its key
claimsclaims……are unsupported. In addition, it oftenare unsupported. In addition, it often
relies on intelligence reporting without so muchrelies on intelligence reporting without so muchas a hint of whether the material is from anas a hint of whether the material is from an
interview, a document, or a media leak. Otherinterview, a document, or a media leak. Other
claims advanced by Gunaratna deserveclaims advanced by Gunaratna deserveadditional substantiationadditional substantiation……
Daniel L.Daniel L. BymanByman,, World Politics World Politics (Oct 2003), 141.(Oct 2003), 141.
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Review of Review of Conflict and Terrorism in Conflict and Terrorism in
Southern Thailand Southern Thailand “Some are likely to see
this book especially as just another output inGunaratna's terror-mongering academic
exercises… Too manyterror mongers arebetter than too few”.
Thitinan Pongsudhirak,Chulalongkorn University,Contemporary Southeast Asia , April 2006 Arabinda Acharya, Sabrina Chua
and Rohan Gunaratna, eds.
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Review of Review of Conflict and Terrorism in Conflict and Terrorism in
Southern Thailand Southern Thailand Significant factual and interpretive errorsSignificant factual and interpretive errors
undermine the credibility of the book undermine the credibility of the book
“ “Overall, the critique demonstrates that variousOverall, the critique demonstrates that variousinterpretations of what is happening in theinterpretations of what is happening in the
South of Thailand remain plausible, and theSouth of Thailand remain plausible, and thearticle concludes that the authors of article concludes that the authors of Conflict and Conflict and Terrorism Terrorism were too poorly equipped to deal withwere too poorly equipped to deal withthese competing interpretations to offer anythese competing interpretations to offer anyinsights into the conflict.insights into the conflict.” ” Michael Connors,Michael Connors, ‘ ‘War on Error and the Southern FireWar on Error and the Southern Fire’ ’ ,, Critical Critical
Asian Studies Asian Studies , 38(1), 2006, 151, 38(1), 2006, 151--175.175.
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ZacharyZachary Abuza Abuza
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Review of Review of Militant Islam Militant Islam
It takes knowledge of language, history and, of It takes knowledge of language, history and, of course, Islam to conduct academic research oncourse, Islam to conduct academic research on
militant Islam. Sadly,militant Islam. Sadly, Abuza Abuza has a minimumhas a minimummastery of the relevant areas, and he is a fishmastery of the relevant areas, and he is a fishout of water in this academic areaout of water in this academic area……
His minimal knowledge of Islam, and ignorance of His minimal knowledge of Islam, and ignorance of Arabic, Indonesian or Malay and of Islam in Arabic, Indonesian or Malay and of Islam inSoutheast Asia, led him to cull information forSoutheast Asia, led him to cull information forthe book from secondary sources...the book from secondary sources...
This analysis has too many mistakes to serve as aThis analysis has too many mistakes to serve as areference book.reference book.SolahudinSolahudin,, Jakarta Post,Jakarta Post, December 7, 2003December 7, 2003
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Review of Review of Militant Islam Militant Islam
“ “ According to some observers such as the According to some observers such as theIndonesian journalistIndonesian journalist SolahudinSolahudin,, Militant Islam Militant Islam isis
weakened considerably byweakened considerably by Abuza's Abuza's lack of lack of familiarity with Islam, Arabic, Indonesian andfamiliarity with Islam, Arabic, Indonesian andMalay. It may be too harsh, however, asMalay. It may be too harsh, however, as
SolahudinSolahudin does, to call the entire thesis of does, to call the entire thesis of Militant Islam Militant Islam into question because of theseinto question because of theseshortcomings.shortcomings. Abuza's Abuza's study, as long as read notstudy, as long as read notin isolation but in tandem with other works, willin isolation but in tandem with other works, will
still prove useful to counterstill prove useful to counter--terrorism analyststerrorism analystsand practitionersand practitioners” ” ..
--Kumar Ramakrishna,Kumar Ramakrishna, Contemporary Southeast Asia,Contemporary Southeast Asia,
April 2004 April 2004
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Review of Review of Militant Islam Militant Islam
“ “However, while such arguments contribute to theHowever, while such arguments contribute to thedebate on terrorism and counterdebate on terrorism and counter--terrorism interrorism in
southeast Asia, overall, this book is asoutheast Asia, overall, this book is adisappointment. It reads largely like a rough,disappointment. It reads largely like a rough,unedited first draft, replete with inappropriateunedited first draft, replete with inappropriate
and factual inaccuracies. Regrettably, theseand factual inaccuracies. Regrettably, theseserious, multiple shortcomingsserious, multiple shortcomings – – many of whichmany of whichcould have been mitigated by greater editorialcould have been mitigated by greater editorialdiligencediligence – – imply thatimply that Militant Islam in Southeast Militant Islam in Southeast
Asia Asia , as it stands, does not qualify as the, as it stands, does not qualify as theauthoritative reference on the subject that hadauthoritative reference on the subject that hadbeen widely anticipatedbeen widely anticipated” ” ..
Tim Huxley, IISS,Tim Huxley, IISS, Survival, 46(3), 184.Survival, 46(3), 184.
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Review of Review of Militant Islam Militant Islam
“ “It is tedious to recount the numerous errors of It is tedious to recount the numerous errors of
fact, spelling, and interpretation that plaguefact, spelling, and interpretation that plague Abuza Abuza’ ’ ss work. This may explain why there haswork. This may explain why there has
been so little published criticism of it. Forbeen so little published criticism of it. For
country specialists, these errors expose a weak country specialists, these errors expose a weak grounding in the history, geography, and culturegrounding in the history, geography, and culture
of the peoples described. Unfortunately, theof the peoples described. Unfortunately, the
errors are reproduced by other regionalistserrors are reproduced by other regionalistsdrawing ondrawing on Abuza Abuza” ” ..
--Kit Collier,Kit Collier, Southeast Asian Affairs 2006, 35.Southeast Asian Affairs 2006, 35.
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Sidney JonesSidney Jones
Studied at university inStudied at university in
IranIran M.A. InternationalM.A. International
PoliticsPolitics
Asia Director, Human Asia Director, HumanRights Watch/Asia forRights Watch/Asia for14 years14 years
Southeast Asia ProjectSoutheast Asia ProjectDirectorDirector, International, InternationalCrisis Group (ICG) sinceCrisis Group (ICG) since
20022002
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Greg Fealy & Kit CollierGreg Fealy & Kit Collier
ANU, ex-ONA ANU, ICG
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Greg Fealy and Virginia Hooker
Malcolm Cook and Kit Collier
Anthony Bubaloand Greg Fealy
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Marika Vicziany,David Wright-Neville,
and Pete Lentini
Greg Barton
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MethodologyMethodology
Google search usingGoogle search using “ “namename” ” + terrorism+ terrorism
Scholar search usingScholar search using “ “namename” ” + terrorism+ terrorism
Impact = Number of Google Hits dividedImpact = Number of Google Hits divided
by the number of Scholar hits (I = GH/SH)by the number of Scholar hits (I = GH/SH) Popular impression onlyPopular impression only
Dose not assess academic qualityDose not assess academic quality
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Comparison of SheridanComparison of Sheridan’ ’ s 3 Specialistss 3 Specialists
with Thayerwith Thayer’ ’ s 4 (sorted by impact)s 4 (sorted by impact)
Academic Classification Google Scholar Impact
Abuza, Zachary O 30,500 120 254
Jones, Sidney SEA 24,700 118 209
Gunaratna, Rohan SEA 76,200 535 142
Barton, Greg ASEA 1,320 51 26
Collier, Kit ASEA 257 10 26Wright-Neville, David ASEA 695 49 14
Fealy, Greg ASEA 535 82 7
C i f Sh id ’ 3 i h
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Comparison of SheridanComparison of Sheridan’ ’ s 3 withs 3 with
Australian Southeast Asian Specialists Australian Southeast Asian SpecialistsAcademic Google Scholar Impact
Thayer, Carl/Carlyle 14,328 47 305
Abuza, Zachary 30,500 120 254
Jones, Sidney 24,700 118 209
Gunaratna, Rohan 76,200 535 142Connors, Michael K. 646 14 46
Kingsbury, Damien 33 1 33
Barton, Greg 1,320 51 26
Collier, Kit 257 10 26
Wright-Neville, David 695 49 14Martin Jones, David 916 90 10
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Average Academic Output on Terrorism Average Academic Output on Terrorism
Measured by Impact (July 5, 2007)Measured by Impact (July 5, 2007)Category Google Scholar Impact
Most Prolific Authors 11565 202 41Australian Southeast Asianspecialists 1729 49 42
Southeast Asian terrorismspecialists 13174 149 50
Australian terrorism specialists1050 34 55
All categories 8334 119 58
Overseas terrorism specialists 25112 228 119
Top Ten Global Rankings by Google HitsTop Ten Global Rankings by Google Hits
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Top Ten Global Rankings by Google HitsTop Ten Global Rankings by Google Hits
Academic Classification Google
Hoffman, Bruce MPA 101,000
Bergen, Peter O 93,700Gunaratna, Rohan SEA 76,200
Lacqueur, Walter O 61,900
Wilkinson, Paul MPA 57,100
Pape, Robert O 57,000
Burke, Jason O 51,300
Abuza, Zachary O 30,500
Ranstorp, Magnus MPA 30,500
Sageman, Marc O 29,700
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Top 11Top 11thth--2020thth Global Rankings by Google HitsGlobal Rankings by Google Hits
Academic Clalssification Google
Chalk, Peter MPA 26,900
Jones, Sidney SEA 24,700Sandler, Todd MPA 21,800
Richardson, Louise O 20,300
Horgan, John MPA 19,000Crenshaw, Martha MPA 18,100
Thayer, Carl/Carlyle ASEA 14,328
Williams, Clive A 13,900
White, Robert MPA 13,800
Israeli, Raphael MPA 12,800
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Falsifying SheridanFalsifying Sheridan’ ’ s Proposition 1s Proposition 1
Australia does have researchers on Southeast Australia does have researchers on Southeast Asian terrorism of international repute Asian terrorism of international repute Michael Connors, Greg Fealy, Greg Barton, Kit Collier,Michael Connors, Greg Fealy, Greg Barton, Kit Collier,
David WrightDavid Wright--Neville, David Martin JonesNeville, David Martin Jones
Harold Crouch, Virginia Hooker, Anthony Milner, JohnHarold Crouch, Virginia Hooker, Anthony Milner, John
Funston, Damien KingsburyFunston, Damien Kingsbury Australian academic terrorism specialists and Australian academic terrorism specialists and
Australian regional specialists regularly punch Australian regional specialists regularly punch
above their weight in terms of impact on theabove their weight in terms of impact on theworld wide webworld wide web Andrew Moore, Carl Thayer, Jacob Townsend, Clive Andrew Moore, Carl Thayer, Jacob Townsend, Clive
Williams, Don WilliamsWilliams, Don Williams
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Greg SheridanGreg Sheridan’ ’ s 2nd Propositions 2nd Proposition
2.2. “ “The strategic community has failed because of The strategic community has failed because of
its continued paradigm paralysis, its chronicits continued paradigm paralysis, its chronicinability to regard terrorism as a seriousinability to regard terrorism as a serious
strategic issuestrategic issue” ” ..
“ “Universities and think tanks can take comfort inUniversities and think tanks can take comfort in
the chummy common room embrace of deadthe chummy common room embrace of dead
paradigms. But, in doing so, they offerparadigms. But, in doing so, they offersuboptimal service to their nationsuboptimal service to their nation” ” ..
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What Hugh White WroteWhat Hugh White Wrote
“ “I think terrorism poses a serious threat of death andI think terrorism poses a serious threat of death andinjury to individuals in our society and governments haveinjury to individuals in our society and governments have
an important responsibility to respond effectively to it.an important responsibility to respond effectively to it.But the nature and scale of the threat have beenBut the nature and scale of the threat have beenseriously exaggerated since 9/11.seriously exaggerated since 9/11.
“ “Terrorism, even nuclear terrorism, appalling though thatTerrorism, even nuclear terrorism, appalling though that
would be, does not endanger the international system. Itwould be, does not endanger the international system. Itdoes not constitute a global Islamist insurgency and itdoes not constitute a global Islamist insurgency and itcannot be effectively addressed by a Long War, as ourcannot be effectively addressed by a Long War, as ourfailure in Iraq has made clear. Reshaping the Australianfailure in Iraq has made clear. Reshaping the Australian
DefenceDefence Force to fight terrorism would therefore lead usForce to fight terrorism would therefore lead usup a blind alley whose dead end is already in plainup a blind alley whose dead end is already in plainview.view.” ” Hugh White,Hugh White, ‘ ‘NeighbourhoodNeighbourhood WatchWatch’ ’ , Australian Literary Review,, Australian Literary Review,
The Australian The Australian , June 6, 2007., June 6, 2007.
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Three Key QuestionsThree Key Questions
1.1. How to characterize al QaedaHow to characterize al Qaeda
2.2. How to account for change overHow to account for change overtimetime
3.3. How to assess the question of How to assess the question of
agency in al Qaedaagency in al Qaeda’ ’ s relationships relationship
with militant and extremist groupswith militant and extremist groupsin Southeast Asiain Southeast Asia
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Three ApproachesThree Approaches
International Terrorism ExpertsInternational Terrorism Experts
Rohan Gunaratna, Peter Bergen, JasonRohan Gunaratna, Peter Bergen, Jason
BurkeBurke Regional security specialistsRegional security specialists
ZacharyZachary Abuza Abuza ‘ ‘Singapore SchoolSingapore School’ ’
RAND affiliatesRAND affiliates
Country Studies SpecialistsCountry Studies Specialists Sidney Jones, Greg Fealy, Greg Barton,Sidney Jones, Greg Fealy, Greg Barton,
Kit Collier, Michael ConnorsKit Collier, Michael Connors
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Al Qaeda Al Qaeda--Centric ParadigmCentric Paradigm
•• AQ paradigm has and continues to AQ paradigm has and continues to
dominate the analysis of regional anddominate the analysis of regional andinternational terrorist linkagesinternational terrorist linkages
•• Pyramidal structure + global terroristPyramidal structure + global terrorist
network + Afghan base + loose coalitionnetwork + Afghan base + loose coalitionof terrorist groups (Gunaratna 2002)of terrorist groups (Gunaratna 2002)
•• Central leadership + international network Central leadership + international network + front companies + membership cells in+ front companies + membership cells insixty countries (sixty countries ( Abuza Abuza 2003)2003)
h l d d
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The Al Qaeda ParadigmThe Al Qaeda Paradigm
•• Three common elements:Three common elements:
•• Al Qaeda hardcore Al Qaeda hardcore•• Scores of other militant Islamic groupsScores of other militant Islamic groups
•• Others who subscribe toOthers who subscribe to “ “the idea,the idea,worldview, ideology of worldview, ideology of ‘ ‘alal--QaedaQaeda’” ’”
--Jason Burke,Jason Burke, Al Al - - Qaeda: Casting a Shadow of Qaeda: Casting a Shadow of Terror Terror (2003)(2003)
Ch O TiChange Over Time
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Change Over TimeChange Over Time
•• International and regional expertsInternational and regional experts
employ an approach characterized asemploy an approach characterized as
‘ ‘back to the futureback to the future’ ’ •• 19881988--91 Al Qaeda penetrated Southeast91 Al Qaeda penetrated Southeast
Asia Asia•• 1993 World Trade1993 World Trade CenterCenter bombingbombing
•• 1995 Operation1995 Operation BojinkaBojinka
•• organised byorganised by RamsiRamsi Yousef Yousef andand KhalidKhalid SheikhSheikh
MohammadMohammad
••
Start point:Start point: DarulDarul Islam (1948Islam (1948--midmid--1960s)1960s)
h Q fTh Q ti f A
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The Question of AgencyThe Question of Agency
•• Southeast Asia as al QaedaSoutheast Asia as al Qaeda’ ’ ss ‘ ‘secondsecond
frontfront’ ’ ??•• Who or what representedWho or what represented ‘ ‘al Qaedaal Qaeda’ ’ in itsin its
dealings with Southeast Asia in thedealings with Southeast Asia in the
formative period?formative period?
•• Who represented Southeast Asia?Who represented Southeast Asia?
•• PostPost--2001 initiative for terrorism in2001 initiative for terrorism inindigenous hands with al Qaedaindigenous hands with al Qaeda
remnantsremnants
IsIs JemaahJemaah IslamiyahIslamiyah a threat to thea threat to the
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IsIs JemaahJemaah IslamiyahIslamiyah a threat to thea threat to the
Indonesian government?Indonesian government? I donI don’ ’ t think it has any capacity tot think it has any capacity to
overthrow the government.overthrow the government. Nor do I think Nor do I think it has any mass base support of anyit has any mass base support of any
significance in Indonesia, although itsignificance in Indonesia, although it
certainly has some. For most Indonesians,certainly has some. For most Indonesians,it really is a radical fringe and one thatit really is a radical fringe and one that
most people would steer clear of. But itmost people would steer clear of. But itdoes have the capacity to engage indoes have the capacity to engage in
further terror (Sidney Jones, 2003).further terror (Sidney Jones, 2003).
JI d Gl b l Jih dJI d Gl b l Jih d
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JI and Global JihadJI and Global Jihad
“ “In sum,In sum, JI has been able to surviveJI has been able to survive
because it has been able to link its jihadbecause it has been able to link its jihadwith that of other militant organizations inwith that of other militant organizations in
the region.the region. JI has been able to forge aJI has been able to forge a
common cause, in the name of a globalcommon cause, in the name of a global jihad, and this has led to exchanges of jihad, and this has led to exchanges of
techniques, training, money and support.techniques, training, money and support.” ” Z.Z. Abuza Abuza,, Political Islam and Violence in Political Islam and Violence in
Indonesia Indonesia (2007), p. 60.(2007), p. 60.
JIJI N t A tN t A t
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JIJI -- Net AssessmentNet Assessment
"In 2002, JI was probably at its height."In 2002, JI was probably at its height.” ”
The Australian JI cell was "effectivelyThe Australian JI cell was "effectivelydismantled" after the 2002 Bali bombings.dismantled" after the 2002 Bali bombings.
JI lives on but it is "far weaker" confined toJI lives on but it is "far weaker" confined toIndonesia with international contacts severed.Indonesia with international contacts severed.
"I don't think the threat to Australia comes from"I don't think the threat to Australia comes fromJI as an organisation but it is the most importantJI as an organisation but it is the most importantrecruiting group for young people.recruiting group for young people.” ”
"But we can't rule out another attack and that is"But we can't rule out another attack and that islikely to come from a splinter group."likely to come from a splinter group." --Sidney Jones,Sidney Jones, Adelaide Advertiser Adelaide Advertiser , July 7, 2007., July 7, 2007.
C l iC l i
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ConclusionConclusion
Sheridan errs when he asserts that AustraliaSheridan errs when he asserts that Australia’ ’ ssstrategic community does not take the threat of strategic community does not take the threat of
terrorism seriouslyterrorism seriously Terrorism is not aTerrorism is not a strategic threatstrategic threat to theto the
international system in Southeast Asiainternational system in Southeast Asia
The threat of terrorism in our region is highlyThe threat of terrorism in our region is highlylocalisedlocalised JI splinter groups and other extremistsJI splinter groups and other extremists
Australia is better placed to rely on its own Australia is better placed to rely on its ownregional specialists rather thanregional specialists rather than ‘ ‘celebritycelebrity
analystsanalysts’ ’
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Terrorism StudiesTerrorism Studies
and South East Asia:and South East Asia:
Crippled by Paradigm Paralysis?Crippled by Paradigm Paralysis?
c.thayer@adfa.edu.au
(02) 6268 8860 telephone
(02) 6268 8899 fax0437 376 429 mobile
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