technology perspectives for the london congestion charge · 2019. 6. 5. · technology perspectives...

Technology Perspectives for the London Congestion Charge

Steve KearnsTransport for London

London’s transport problems

Camera enforcement

Why is TfL carrying out Technology Trials?

• Making CC more sophisticated and equitable- Future charges could be differentiated on

factors such as ;i) Type of Vehicleii) Direction of traveliii) Number of entries into the zoneiv) Distance travelled within zonev) Emission Level of Vehicle

Technology Trials

New Camera / ANPR Operation

• GNSS / GPS (satellite positioning) – current problems with shadowing

• GSM (mobile phone) – limited potential as a core technology but potential for Value Added Services

• DSRC (tag and beacon) – promising results

DSRC Trials

Trials summary – DSRC tag & beacon

• Stage 2 testing system of Urban Charge Points (UCPs) integrating cameras/ANPR with DSRC

DSRC Tags

Location of DSRC Mini-Zone Trial

Technology Trials Mini-Zone Area

DSRC Volunteer Programme

• About 530 vehicles fitted with DSRC tagsincluding: - Buses- Council vehicles- Taxis- Delivery vehicles- Ambulances- TfL’s own cars (12)

Mobile Phone Technology

Mobile Phone Technologies -Value Added Services

• Useful information that can be passed to drivers

- Notification of entry into zone- Account balance and top-up facilities- Paypoint locations- Traffic alerts- Local news and community events

Information Relayed to Mobile Phones

Mobile Phone Technologies

• How is information passed to the driver

- Speech using interactive voice and text to voice transmission

- SMS texting

- Multi-media message – maps with Congestion Charging information relayed directly to mobilephones

Mobile Positioning Trials

GPS Signals

Galileo & GPS Signals

Billing and total distance errors

AVERAGE JOURNEY CHARGE ERROR %Vendor Average Positives Negatives RMSBest -0.56% 0.67% -0.91% 1.42%Worst 20.33% 23.57% -28.30% 31.76%Average -6.83% 14.76% -14.18% 20.85%

AVERAGE JOURNEY LENGTH ERROR %Vendor Average Positives Negatives RMSBest -0.52% 0.85% -1.07% 1.70%Worst 25.93% 28.04% -75.42% 33.27%Average -7.63% 5.50% -18.73% 16.44%

Total Systems PerformanceBest 1

-20% -15% -10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

Length Difference %

Vendor

Standard

Total Systems PerformanceWorst 1

-20% -15% -10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

Length Difference %

Vendor

Standard

Leveraging the Market PlaceDBC in CC Zone

Mixed FleetM a n a g e m e n t

Vans and serv ice t rucks

F lee t ManagementTrucks and Lorr iesF l e e t M a n a g e m e n t

Pay-as-y o u g oInsurance

Navigat ion , traffic a n d

Secur i ty serv ices

Suppl ier Speci f ic data sets

TfL Bi l l ing & Enforcement Da ta

Propr ie tary Data Sets

Convers ion to T fL Common Data Se t D is tance t rave l led in CLoCCS

Phase 1: Certification of 3rd Party Service Suppliers. (December 2006-May 2007)

• Using vendor equipment in TfL vehicles, this stage allowed TfL to evaluate the total performance of 3rd Party Supplier systems based upon the distance calculations using the vendors’ equipment and back office.

• This was compared with the truth and the results from TfL’s own equipment and systems.

• Approximately one month of testing per supplier was carried out with up to three vendors being tested together.

Overall Accuracy Results Phase 1

The average (absolute) percentage error of the measuredjourney distances against the truth

ranged from 1.4% to 33.2%.

The best six results were:•1.4%•1.7%•2.5%•3.3%•3.8%•4.6%

Issues for GNSS in London Charging Scenarios

• Cost effectiveness of a GNSS solution for London alone;

• Fat, thin or chubby OBU solutions and associated telecommunications costs;

• Business case for a stand-alone charging application;

• Accuracy, integrity and availability of GNSS in London.

Streetscape Impact

DSRC Infrastructure -Singapore

DSRC Infrastructure -Stockholm

DSRC Infrastructure from Stockholm superimposed on a London street

Tooley Street - Current Design

Southwark Bridge – Original DSRC Infrastructure

Southwark Bridge – Replacement Infrastructure

Borough High Street – Original DSRC Infrastructure

Borough High Street –Replacement Infrastructure

Old Pole

New PoleNew Pole

DSRC Infrastructure, London Mini-Zone Area

Infrastructure Design Options

• Standard Cabinet

• ‘Horizontal Sink Cabinet’

• ‘Seat Cabinet’

Results and Conclusions To Date

• Very high DSRC capture rate – 99.95%• Mobile phone technology useful for Value Added

Services• GPS coverage with GALILEO will significantly

enhance coverage of Central London• GPS satellite system feasible in medium term future

- (possibly 2015 onwards)• DSRC favoured form of technology for short term

migration - (possibly 2009/2010)• Urban streetscape issues associated with DSRC

need to be addressed

Emissions related congestion charging proposals

Proposed Congestion Charges - CO2 Grammes / Kilometre

– 120 grammes or less : No charge

– 121 to 225 grammes : £8

– 225 grammes or more : £25

Vehicle Excise Duty (VED)

Up to 100 g/km

101-120 g/km

121-150 g/km

151-165 g/km

166-185 g/km

186-224 g/km

Over 225 g/km

- < 3000 cc

- > 3000 cc 3%

2% - of which half meet Euro IV Air Quality standard

Greater London Low Emission Zone

What is LEZ?

• A specified area in Greater London in which the most polluting diesel-engine vehicles are required to meet specific emissions standards in order to improve air quality

• Will affect older diesel-engined lorries, buses, coaches, large vans and minibuses and specialist vehicles derived from lorries or vans, such as horseboxes or motor caravans

• Emissions standards based on Euro standards

• Will operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year from 4 February 2008

• Daily charge £100 for LGVs and £200 for HGVs

• Fines £500 for LGVS and £1000 for HGVS !

Air Quality in London

• Air pollution is a serious problem in London- 1,000 premature deaths per year- 1,000 hospital admissions per year

• Affects most vulnerable parts of society• Majority of Londoners concerned about poor air quality and

want to see it improved• Particular problems with emissions of particulate matter (PM)

and nitrogen oxides (NOx)• Worse in central London, main roads, Heathrow • Road traffic major source of emissions• Trucks, buses, and coaches largest individual emitters

LEZ boundary

Comparison of sizes of Low Emission Zone and Congestion Charging Zone

Vehicles Affected by the LEZ

cont…

Heavy diesel-engined vehicles >12 tonnes

Feb 2008 Euro III Jan 2012 Euro IV

for particulates

Includes:- Goods Vehicles- Motor Caravans- Motorised Horseboxes

July 2008 Euro III Jan 2012 Euro IVfor particulates

Includes:- Vehicles with more

than eight seats, plus the driver’s seat

Heavy diesel-engined vehicles between 3.5 and 12 tonnes

HGVs >12t

HGVs 3.5t > 12t

Heavy diesel-engined passenger vehicles > 5 tonne

Buses & Coaches

Vehicles Affected by the LEZDiesel-engined vehicles between 1.205 tonnes unladen and 3.5 tonnes

Oct 2010 Euro IIIfor particulates

Large Vans

Minibuses

Oct 2010 Euro IIIfor particulates

Includes:- Ambulances (over 2.5

tonnes)- Motor Caravans (over

2.5 tonnes

Diesel-engined passenger vehicles below 5 tonnes

Includes:- Vehicles with less

than eight seats, plus the driver’s seat

How will LEZ operate• There will be signs at entry points and in the zone• Most will avoid paying the charge by driving a compliant

vehicle• Vehicles subject to the LEZ detected using fixed and mobile

cameras• TfL checks vehicle registration against a register of compliant

vehicles• Non compliant vehicles have to pay a daily charge

– £200 per day for HGV, buses and coaches– £100 per day for vans and minibuses

• Charging day midnight to midnight, 365 days a year• Payment can be made by phone or internet, up to midnight on

the next working day after entering the zone

Enforcement of the LEZ• Vehicles which are non compliant, or which are not on the

register will be sent a Penalty Charge Notice:– £1,000 (reduced to £500 if paid within 14 days) for HGVs,

buses & coaches (subject to LEZ in 2008)– £500 (reduced to £250 if paid within 14 days) for heavier

LGVs & minibuses (subject to LEZ in 2010)

• Our agent, EPC, has agreements with vehicle registration authorities in a number of European countries to obtain vehicle and keeper information

• The first time vehicles are observed in the zone they will be sent a warning letter, giving them the opportunity to register

www.tfl.gov.uk/congestioncharging

technology perspectives for the london congestion charge · 2019. 6. 5. · technology perspectives...

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