spanishgrammarbook

SPANISH GRAMMAR BOOKS

Margarita Mulvey

2ND period

12/2/10

TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Ser2. Estar3. Verbs like Gustar4. Hacer Expression5. Preterite6. Trigger Words7. Car Gar Zar 8. Spock Verbs9. Cucharach Verbs10. Snake 11. Snakeys12. Commands13. Irregular14. DOP’s 15. IOP’s16. Se Impersonal

SER

Description ?Que Es?Origin ?De donde es?Characteristics ?Como es?Time ?Que hora es?Occupation ?Que hace?Relationships ?Quien es?Possession ?De quien es?Events ?Cuando/donde es?Dates ?Ques dia es hoy?

ESTAR

Health ?Como Estas?

Emotions ?Como Estas?

Location ?Donde Estas?

Present Condition ?Como Esta?

I ?Que…

N Estas…

G Haciendo?

Ar-ando

Er/Ir- endo

- yendo

HACER EXPRESSION

Present Tense Since and ForPreterite Tense Ago

Hace + Time + Que + Verb

hace cinco dias que tuve un problema con mi arbol de Navidad.

VERBS LIKE GUSTARMe Gusta

GustanGustar To Like

Te Falta Faltan

Faltar To be Lacking

Le DueleDuelen

Doler(ue) To hurt

Nos FascinaFascinan

Fascinar To Fascinate

Les MolestaMolestan

Molestar To bother

Me duele la cabeza

PRETERITE• A definite time in the

past with a beginning and/or ending.

FORM HABLAR COMER ESCRIBIR

Yo Hable Comi Escribi

Tu Hablaste Comiste Escribiste

Usted Hablo Comio Escribio

Nosortros Hablamos Comimos Escribimos

Ustedes Hablaron Comiero Escribieron

PRETERITE CONTINUED…

e i

aste iste

o io

amos imos

aron ieron

The Preterite Song

TRIGGER WORDS• Hace dos dias: 2 days ago• En ese momento: in that moment/ then• Durante dos siglos: during 2 centuries• Desde el primer momento: from the first moment• Estonces: then • Esta noche: tonight• Esta tarde: this afternoon• Una vez: one time/ once• El otro dia: the other day• Ayer por la manana: yesterday morning • El fin de semana pasado: last weekend• El lunes pasado: last weekend• El dia anterior: the day before• El miercoles: On Wednesday• A las ocho: At 8 o’clock• Anteayer: day before yesterday• Ayer: yesterday

CAR-GAR-ZARTocar Jugar ComenzarToque Jugue Comence

Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste

Toco Jugo Comenzo

Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos

Tocaron Jugar Comenzaron

SPOCK VERBS

H a c e r

V

E

R

D

A

R

S

E

R

I

R

SHARE THE SAME ENDING

STAY IN THE SAME CONJUGATION

BY ITSELF

EXAMPLE OF SPOCK VERBS

IR/SERTO GO

HACERTO DO/MAKE

DARTO GIVE

VERTO SEE

Fui Hice Di Vi

Fuiste Hiciste Diste Viste

Fue Hizo Dio Vio

Fuimos Hicimos Dimor Vimos

Fueron Hicieron Dieron Vieron

CUCARACHA VERBS

1. Andar- aduv2. Estar- estuv3. Poder-pud4. Poner- pus5. Querer- quis6. Saber- sup7. Tener- tuv8. Venir- vin9. Conducir-conduj10.Producir-produj11. Traducir- traduj12.Decir-dij13.Traer- traj

•e •imos

•iste •isteies

•o •ieron

SNAKES

Yo NosotrosDormi Dormimos

Tu VosotrosDormiste Dormisteis

Usted ella y el Ustedes, ellas, y ellos

Durmio Durmieron

SNAKEYS

• Stem changing verbs in preterite. Verbs such as leer, creer, and oir change from I to y in 3rd person.

Lei

Leiste

Leyo

Leimos

Leisteis

Leyeron

COMMANDS• DOP+IOP can attatch to an affirmative command.• DOP + IOP must go before the nagative command

Form Affirmatives Negatives

Tu Simply drop the ‘s’

Put it in you form and change to opposite vowel add an s

Usted/ Ustedes

Put it in yo form and change to the opposite vowel.

Put it in you form and change to the opposite vowel.

IRREGULARTengo – tenga

Venir- venga

Dar- de

Ir - vaya

Ser- sea

Hacer- haga

Estar- este

Saber- sepa

DOPs• Answer the question:

what is receiving the direct action of the verb.

• DOP’s are: lo, la, los, las, me, te, nos, se

• You have to have a DOP in order to have an IOP, but in a sentence the DOP goes after the IOP.

DOP’s can hook onto verb ONLY in three cases:

1. Infinitive-I se voy a la tienda

2. Affirmative commands-!Abrazarlo!

3. Gerunds/ present progressive-!Beberla!

IOPs• Answers to questions: To who or for whom.• To have an IOP you must first have a DOP.

I stole it from him.

verb^ ^DOP ^IOP

SE IMPERSONAL

• Use ‘se’ to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of verb.

» Se vende fruta en la fruteria.

• When using se, the verb is always in the 3rd person.

» Aqui se habla espanol.

• Se can be used in all tenses. 1. Se hizo mucho

2. Se hara mucho

3. Se habia hecho

Table of Contents- 2nd Semester

1. Past Participles as Adjectives

2. El Futuro and ir + a+ infinitive

3. Los Adjetivos Demonstrativos

4. Mandatos Formales

5. Los Mandatos Informales

6. Modal Verbs

7. Reflexives

8. Saber vs. Conocer

Past Participles as Adjectives

Past Participles- as adjectives conjuctions is

like when conjugations is like when conjugating a verb. For this process, take off the ending and attach –ado or –ido, depending on if it is an ar, -er, or –ir verb.

•ado

•ido

•ido

Continued...Irregulars

• abrir (to open) - abierto (open)• cubrir (to cover) - cubierto (covered)• decir (to say) - dicho (said)• escribir (to write) - escrito (written)• freír (to fry) - frito (fried)• hacer (to do) - hecho (done)• morir (to die) - muerto (dead)• poner (to put) - puesto (put)• resolver (to resolve) - resuelto (resolved)• romper (to break) - roto (broken)• ver (to see) - visto (seen)• volver (to return) - vuelto (returned)

Irregular Futuro

• Decir dir• Hacer har• Poder podr• Poner pondr• Querer querr• Saber sabr• Salir saldr• Tener tendr• Valer valdr• Venir vendr

El Futuro

• Infinitive + ending• Endings are same for -ar, -er, and –ir

-emos

-ás -éis

-á -án

-é

Ir + A + Infinitives

• Mean going to do something. • Incorporated in el futuro.

• Example:I am going to travel to Costa, Mexico.

Yo voy a viajar a Costa Maya, Mexico.

Los Adjectivos Demonstrativos

1.Make sure it always agrees with the gender and the number with the noun it’s modifying.

2.Put in front of the noun it modifies.

Singular Plural

Este/Esta (this) Estos/Estas (these)

Ese/Esa (that) Esos/Esas (those)

Aquel/Aquella (that over there)

Aquellos/Aquellas (those over there

Los Mandatos Formales

-ar• Conjugate to yo form• Drop –o and add -e

-er• Conjugate to yo form• Drop-o and add -a

-ir• Conjugate to yo form• Drop –o and add -a

Los Mandatos Informales Continued…

Affirmatives Negatives

Di (decir) Tengas (tener)

Haz (hacer)Vengas (venir)

Ve (ir) Dés, digas (dar, decir)

Pon (poner) Vayas (ir)

Sal (salir) Seas (ser)

Sé (ser) Hagas (hacer)

Ten (Tener Estés (estar)

Ven (venir Sepas (saber)

Modal Verbs

• ir + a + infinitive – (going to do something)

• poder + infinitive – (are able to do something)

• querer + infinitive – (want to do something)

• deber + infinitive – (should do something)

• tener que + infinitive – (to have to do something)

Reflexives

• Reflexive pronouns can be: -in front of the conjugated verb

-attached to the infinitive -attached to the present participle -attached to an affirmative command

• When attached, the reflexive pronoun changes the syllabification of the word, so add an accent to the proper syllable.

• Some verbs come with “se” attached to the end. These are reflexive verbs, all you do is conjugate and change the pronoun accordingly.

Reflexives Cont.

Me (used in yo form)

Te (used in tu form)

Se (used in él/ella form or ellos(as)

form)

Nos (used in nosotros

form)

Os (used in

vosotros form)

Saber vs. Conocer

SABER:• To know • Facts or information

• To know• People, place, thing, or published works

CONOCER: