spanishgrammarbook
TRANSCRIPT
SPANISH GRAMMAR BOOKS
Margarita Mulvey
2ND period
12/2/10
TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Ser2. Estar3. Verbs like Gustar4. Hacer Expression5. Preterite6. Trigger Words7. Car Gar Zar 8. Spock Verbs9. Cucharach Verbs10. Snake 11. Snakeys12. Commands13. Irregular14. DOP’s 15. IOP’s16. Se Impersonal
SER
Description ?Que Es?Origin ?De donde es?Characteristics ?Como es?Time ?Que hora es?Occupation ?Que hace?Relationships ?Quien es?Possession ?De quien es?Events ?Cuando/donde es?Dates ?Ques dia es hoy?
ESTAR
Health ?Como Estas?
Emotions ?Como Estas?
Location ?Donde Estas?
Present Condition ?Como Esta?
I ?Que…
N Estas…
G Haciendo?
Ar-ando
Er/Ir- endo
- yendo
HACER EXPRESSION
Present Tense Since and ForPreterite Tense Ago
Hace + Time + Que + Verb
hace cinco dias que tuve un problema con mi arbol de Navidad.
VERBS LIKE GUSTARMe Gusta
GustanGustar To Like
Te Falta Faltan
Faltar To be Lacking
Le DueleDuelen
Doler(ue) To hurt
Nos FascinaFascinan
Fascinar To Fascinate
Les MolestaMolestan
Molestar To bother
Me duele la cabeza
PRETERITE• A definite time in the
past with a beginning and/or ending.
FORM HABLAR COMER ESCRIBIR
Yo Hable Comi Escribi
Tu Hablaste Comiste Escribiste
Usted Hablo Comio Escribio
Nosortros Hablamos Comimos Escribimos
Ustedes Hablaron Comiero Escribieron
PRETERITE CONTINUED…
e i
aste iste
o io
amos imos
aron ieron
The Preterite Song
TRIGGER WORDS• Hace dos dias: 2 days ago• En ese momento: in that moment/ then• Durante dos siglos: during 2 centuries• Desde el primer momento: from the first moment• Estonces: then • Esta noche: tonight• Esta tarde: this afternoon• Una vez: one time/ once• El otro dia: the other day• Ayer por la manana: yesterday morning • El fin de semana pasado: last weekend• El lunes pasado: last weekend• El dia anterior: the day before• El miercoles: On Wednesday• A las ocho: At 8 o’clock• Anteayer: day before yesterday• Ayer: yesterday
CAR-GAR-ZARTocar Jugar ComenzarToque Jugue Comence
Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste
Toco Jugo Comenzo
Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos
Tocaron Jugar Comenzaron
SPOCK VERBS
H a c e r
V
E
R
D
A
R
S
E
R
I
R
SHARE THE SAME ENDING
STAY IN THE SAME CONJUGATION
BY ITSELF
EXAMPLE OF SPOCK VERBS
IR/SERTO GO
HACERTO DO/MAKE
DARTO GIVE
VERTO SEE
Fui Hice Di Vi
Fuiste Hiciste Diste Viste
Fue Hizo Dio Vio
Fuimos Hicimos Dimor Vimos
Fueron Hicieron Dieron Vieron
CUCARACHA VERBS
1. Andar- aduv2. Estar- estuv3. Poder-pud4. Poner- pus5. Querer- quis6. Saber- sup7. Tener- tuv8. Venir- vin9. Conducir-conduj10.Producir-produj11. Traducir- traduj12.Decir-dij13.Traer- traj
•e •imos
•iste •isteies
•o •ieron
SNAKES
Yo NosotrosDormi Dormimos
Tu VosotrosDormiste Dormisteis
Usted ella y el Ustedes, ellas, y ellos
Durmio Durmieron
SNAKEYS
• Stem changing verbs in preterite. Verbs such as leer, creer, and oir change from I to y in 3rd person.
Lei
Leiste
Leyo
Leimos
Leisteis
Leyeron
COMMANDS• DOP+IOP can attatch to an affirmative command.• DOP + IOP must go before the nagative command
Form Affirmatives Negatives
Tu Simply drop the ‘s’
Put it in you form and change to opposite vowel add an s
Usted/ Ustedes
Put it in yo form and change to the opposite vowel.
Put it in you form and change to the opposite vowel.
IRREGULARTengo – tenga
Venir- venga
Dar- de
Ir - vaya
Ser- sea
Hacer- haga
Estar- este
Saber- sepa
DOPs• Answer the question:
what is receiving the direct action of the verb.
• DOP’s are: lo, la, los, las, me, te, nos, se
• You have to have a DOP in order to have an IOP, but in a sentence the DOP goes after the IOP.
DOP’s can hook onto verb ONLY in three cases:
1. Infinitive-I se voy a la tienda
2. Affirmative commands-!Abrazarlo!
3. Gerunds/ present progressive-!Beberla!
IOPs• Answers to questions: To who or for whom.• To have an IOP you must first have a DOP.
I stole it from him.
verb^ ^DOP ^IOP
SE IMPERSONAL
• Use ‘se’ to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of verb.
» Se vende fruta en la fruteria.
• When using se, the verb is always in the 3rd person.
» Aqui se habla espanol.
• Se can be used in all tenses. 1. Se hizo mucho
2. Se hara mucho
3. Se habia hecho
Table of Contents- 2nd Semester
1. Past Participles as Adjectives
2. El Futuro and ir + a+ infinitive
3. Los Adjetivos Demonstrativos
4. Mandatos Formales
5. Los Mandatos Informales
6. Modal Verbs
7. Reflexives
8. Saber vs. Conocer
Past Participles as Adjectives
Past Participles- as adjectives conjuctions is
like when conjugations is like when conjugating a verb. For this process, take off the ending and attach –ado or –ido, depending on if it is an ar, -er, or –ir verb.
•ado
•ido
•ido
Continued...Irregulars
• abrir (to open) - abierto (open)• cubrir (to cover) - cubierto (covered)• decir (to say) - dicho (said)• escribir (to write) - escrito (written)• freír (to fry) - frito (fried)• hacer (to do) - hecho (done)• morir (to die) - muerto (dead)• poner (to put) - puesto (put)• resolver (to resolve) - resuelto (resolved)• romper (to break) - roto (broken)• ver (to see) - visto (seen)• volver (to return) - vuelto (returned)
Irregular Futuro
• Decir dir• Hacer har• Poder podr• Poner pondr• Querer querr• Saber sabr• Salir saldr• Tener tendr• Valer valdr• Venir vendr
El Futuro
• Infinitive + ending• Endings are same for -ar, -er, and –ir
-emos
-ás -éis
-á -án
-é
Ir + A + Infinitives
• Mean going to do something. • Incorporated in el futuro.
• Example:I am going to travel to Costa, Mexico.
Yo voy a viajar a Costa Maya, Mexico.
Los Adjectivos Demonstrativos
1.Make sure it always agrees with the gender and the number with the noun it’s modifying.
2.Put in front of the noun it modifies.
Singular Plural
Este/Esta (this) Estos/Estas (these)
Ese/Esa (that) Esos/Esas (those)
Aquel/Aquella (that over there)
Aquellos/Aquellas (those over there
Los Mandatos Formales
-ar• Conjugate to yo form• Drop –o and add -e
-er• Conjugate to yo form• Drop-o and add -a
-ir• Conjugate to yo form• Drop –o and add -a
Los Mandatos Informales Continued…
Affirmatives Negatives
Di (decir) Tengas (tener)
Haz (hacer)Vengas (venir)
Ve (ir) Dés, digas (dar, decir)
Pon (poner) Vayas (ir)
Sal (salir) Seas (ser)
Sé (ser) Hagas (hacer)
Ten (Tener Estés (estar)
Ven (venir Sepas (saber)
Modal Verbs
• ir + a + infinitive – (going to do something)
• poder + infinitive – (are able to do something)
• querer + infinitive – (want to do something)
• deber + infinitive – (should do something)
• tener que + infinitive – (to have to do something)
Reflexives
• Reflexive pronouns can be: -in front of the conjugated verb
-attached to the infinitive -attached to the present participle -attached to an affirmative command
• When attached, the reflexive pronoun changes the syllabification of the word, so add an accent to the proper syllable.
• Some verbs come with “se” attached to the end. These are reflexive verbs, all you do is conjugate and change the pronoun accordingly.
Reflexives Cont.
Me (used in yo form)
Te (used in tu form)
Se (used in él/ella form or ellos(as)
form)
Nos (used in nosotros
form)
Os (used in
vosotros form)
Saber vs. Conocer
SABER:• To know • Facts or information
• To know• People, place, thing, or published works
CONOCER: