social impact of world war ii minorities in the united states: 1939-1945

Social Impact of World War II

Minorities in the United States: 1939-1945

Daily Life in the United States during World War II

Pre-World War II Idealism

World War II changed American society dramatically

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African-American Experience in World War II

Blacks on the Homefront Patriotic, Supportive of War

Effort Economic Discrimination

Last Hired - First Fired during Depression Years

FDR signed Executive Order 8802 - no discrimination based on race in hiring (applied to Defense jobs)

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African-Americans in the War

Black Military Participation

Segregated Armed Forces Separate Units and

limited opportunities Most famous African-

American military group of WW 11 = The Tuskegee Airmen

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The Tuskegee Airmen

Group of Black Pilots - 99th Pursuit “Fighter” Squadron

Trained in Tuskegee, Alabama Decorated as an escort squadron -

fought over Italy. Col. Paul Adams from Lincoln served

as a Tuskegee Airman

Segregation in the Military

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Native American Contributions during World War II

25,000 Native American joined armed forces

23,000 worked at Wartime plants and factories

Notable were the Navajo codetalkers (Communicated in the Navajo language)

Japanese military never broke the code Movie recently:

Windtalkers

Mexican-American contributions during World War II

Bracero Program - Mexican farm laborers came to the U.S.

1942-1947 - 200,000 braceros worked

Most lived in barrios Zoot-Suit Riots (Los

Angeles) - Off duty Gis targeted Mexican American youth for styles of clothing (zoot-suits) - 1943

Native and Mexican-Americans in WWII

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Japanese-American Experience during World War II

110,000 Americans of Japanese descent “interned” at camps in Western United States

Executive Order 9066 by FDR made it official

Japanese legal challenges = Korematsu v. United States (1944) Ruled in favor of US policy

1988 - Congress awarded each surviving internee $20,000

Official U.S. apology

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An Internment Camp - Manzanar

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Japanese 442nd Infantry Regiment

Japanese-American combat unit

Stationed in Italy Most highly decorated

unit in US military history 21 medal of honor

recipients Most of their families

were “interned” in the US

Japanese-Americans

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Women in World War II America

At Home… Many jobs taken

in absence of men “Rosie the

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Women in World War II America

Women in the Armed Services

WACs, WAVEs, SPARs Served in different non-

combat capacities Mostly nurses, or support

staff positions

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Women and the War Effort

World War II Culture Shift

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