smart street lighting project introduction
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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
In todays world we all are well acquainted with our nations energy scenario.
We are well aware of the fact that not only the available power is less than the demand
but also it is being wasted on a large scale .The wastage is in the form of unnecessary
usage of lighting, low power factor and similar other factors.
So we need an efficient and renewable energy systems that has long term advantages.
Our proect is about Intelligent Solar Street !ightening System using low cost
microcontroller and two way "S# module to control traffic using smart sensors. It is
a wireless system that is efficient, cost effective, practical, eco$friendly easilyaccessible, and automatic using renewable energy sources li%e solar panels and leds.
Overview
Street lighting is one of the important parts of a citys infrastructure where the main
function is to illuminate the citys streets during dar% hours of the day. The proect
proposes a smart energy efficient street lighting system based on low cost micro$
controller and using two way "S# module. The main obective is to design energy
efficient based controller for controlling the !ight &mitting 'iode (!&') based street
lamp via appropriate lighting levels control. This system consists of a #icrocontroller,
!ight Sensor, *ain Sensor, !aser Sensor, "S# #odule and a set of the !ight &mitting'iode (!&') #odule. While, the controlling and managing of the system is based on
the presence of traffic and environmental conditions. +our different levels of street
light brightness has been used for lighting up the street proportional to the different
situations (discussed later). The system was programmed to automatically turn off
during the hours of daylight and only operate during the night and heavy raining or
bad weather. The system also uses a manual mode to operate it form a remote place
ia "S# but according to the given conditions. Several numbers of tests have been
conducted to test and validate the proposed prototype in the different environment.
While using a solar panel (as in this proect) the system offers -/ reduction in
power consumption. &ach pole is wor%ing as an independent unit and is robust,
efficient and intelligent. 0round 11/$2-/ reduction in power consumption can be
achieved through this proposed system if it were to use on the e3isting power lines.
1.1 Statement of Problem
4onventional street lighting systems in areas with a low frequency of passersby are
online most of the night without purpose. The consequence is that a large amount of
power is wasted meaninglessly. With the broad availability of fle3ible$lighting
technology li%e light$emitting diode lamps and everywhere available wireless internet
connection, fast reacting, reliably operating, and power$conserving street lighting
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systems become reality. The purpose of this wor% is to describe the Intelligent Street
!ighting (IS!) system, a first approach to accomplish the demand for fle3ible public
lighting systems. 0ccording to study global grid based electricity consumption for
lighting was about 567 TW in 57, which was an equivalent of -8/ of total global
electricity consumption. &uropean office buildings dedicate about 7/ of their
electricity for lighting, whereas the share of electricity for lighting is around 5$9/in hospitals, -7/ in factories, -$-7/ in schools and -/ in residential buildings.
Intelligent lighting control and energy management system is a perfect solution for
energy saving, especially in public lighting management. It reali:es remote on;off and
dimming of lights, which can save energy by ased on
environmental and economic factors, cities need smart energy management systems
urgently for energy saving, maintenance costs reduction and 4O5emission reduction.
1.3 Purpose of the researh!pro"et
The dynamic changes in economy, energy supplies and ecology on a national and
international scale require an adequate moderni:ation of street lighting. ?owever, this
would be possible only with a quite new functional conception which in fact means
adaptability of street lighting. Simultaneous ensuring of the conditions of safe traffic
and decreasing the energy consumption and operational costs could be reali:ed inconformity with the constantly changing parameters of the environment. In
conformity with the 5< hours change of daylight, the highly changeable traffic, the
variable meteorological conditions and some e3treme situations on the roads, the
intensity of street lighting should change in a dynamic manner. @ew technical devices
and methods that are offered by technical progress will be necessary obviously for the
reali:ation of adaptive lighting.
>asically, street lighting is one of the important parts of a citys infrastructure where
the main function is to illuminate the citys streets during dar% hours of the day.
=reviously, the number of streets in the town and city is very small. Therefore, the
street lamps are relatively simple but with the development of urbani:ation, the
number of streets increases rapidly with high traffic density as highlighted in A-B.There are several factors need to be considered in order to design a good street
lighting system such as night$time safety for community members and road users,
provide public lighting at cost effective, the reduction of crime and minimi:ing it is
effect on the environment.
0t the beginning, street lamps were controlled by manual control where a control
switch is set in each of the street lamps. It is called first generation of the original
street light. 0fter that, another method that has been used was optical$ control method.
This method is using high pressure sodium lamp in their system. It can be seen that
this method is widely used in the country nowadays. This method operates by set up
an optical control circuit, change the resistance by using of light sensitive device to
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control street lamps light up automatically at dus% and turn off automatically after
dawn in the morning.
'ue to the technological development nowadays, road lighting can be categori:ed
according to the installation area, performance and their used, for an e3ample, lighting
for traffic routes, lighting for subsidiary roads and lighting for urban center and public
amenity areas. While, the wireless sensor networ% (WS@) helps in improving thenetwor% sensing for street lighting as highlighted in A5B$A9B.
#eanwhile, street lighting technology can be classified according to the type of lamps
used such as incandescent light, mercury vapor light, metal halide light, high pressure
sodium light, low pressure sodium light, fluorescent light, compact fluorescent light,
induction light and !&' light. 'ifferent type of light technology used in lighting
design with their luminous efficiency, lamp service life and their considerations is
given in report.
!&' is considered a promising solution to modern street lighting system due to it is
behavior and advantages as emphasi:ed in A
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1.% Theoretial bases an& Or'ani(ation
This proect is based upon energy efficient of automatic street lighting system based
on low cost microcontroller. The main obective is to design energy efficient based
controller for controlling the !ight &mitting 'iode (!&') based street lamp viaappropriate lighting levels control. This system is consists of a microcontroller, light
sensor, rain sensor, laser sensor and a set of the light emitting diode (!&') module.
While, the controlling and managing of the system is based on the number of traffic
and five different level of street light brightness has been used for lighting up the
street and proportional to the number of traffic. The system was programmed to
automatically turn off during the hours of daylight and only operate during the night
and heavy raining or bad weather by using 5 way "S# module. Several numbers of
tests have been conducted to test and validate the proposed prototype in the different
environment. 0s conclusion, around 11/ $ 2-/ reduction in power consumption can
be achieved through this proposed automatic street lighting system for energy
efficiency system design.
1.) Summar*
This proect is a proposal of an intelligent street lighting system is described that
integrates new technologies,offering energy savings. The proposed system is
especially appropriate for street lighting in remote urban and rural areas where the
traffic is low at times. Independence of the power networ% permits to implement it in
remote areas where the classical systems are prohibitively e3pensive. The system is
versatile, e3tendable and totally adustable to user needs.
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