smart street lighting project introduction

8/10/2019 Smart Street Lighting Project Introduction

1/4

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

In todays world we all are well acquainted with our nations energy scenario.

We are well aware of the fact that not only the available power is less than the demand

but also it is being wasted on a large scale .The wastage is in the form of unnecessary

usage of lighting, low power factor and similar other factors.

So we need an efficient and renewable energy systems that has long term advantages.

Our proect is about Intelligent Solar Street !ightening System using low cost

microcontroller and two way "S# module to control traffic using smart sensors. It is

a wireless system that is efficient, cost effective, practical, eco$friendly easilyaccessible, and automatic using renewable energy sources li%e solar panels and leds.

Overview

Street lighting is one of the important parts of a citys infrastructure where the main

function is to illuminate the citys streets during dar% hours of the day. The proect

proposes a smart energy efficient street lighting system based on low cost micro$

controller and using two way "S# module. The main obective is to design energy

efficient based controller for controlling the !ight &mitting 'iode (!&') based street

lamp via appropriate lighting levels control. This system consists of a #icrocontroller,

!ight Sensor, *ain Sensor, !aser Sensor, "S# #odule and a set of the !ight &mitting'iode (!&') #odule. While, the controlling and managing of the system is based on

the presence of traffic and environmental conditions. +our different levels of street

light brightness has been used for lighting up the street proportional to the different

situations (discussed later). The system was programmed to automatically turn off

during the hours of daylight and only operate during the night and heavy raining or

bad weather. The system also uses a manual mode to operate it form a remote place

ia "S# but according to the given conditions. Several numbers of tests have been

conducted to test and validate the proposed prototype in the different environment.

While using a solar panel (as in this proect) the system offers -/ reduction in

power consumption. &ach pole is wor%ing as an independent unit and is robust,

efficient and intelligent. 0round 11/$2-/ reduction in power consumption can be

achieved through this proposed system if it were to use on the e3isting power lines.

1.1 Statement of Problem

4onventional street lighting systems in areas with a low frequency of passersby are

online most of the night without purpose. The consequence is that a large amount of

power is wasted meaninglessly. With the broad availability of fle3ible$lighting

technology li%e light$emitting diode lamps and everywhere available wireless internet

connection, fast reacting, reliably operating, and power$conserving street lighting

-


2/4

systems become reality. The purpose of this wor% is to describe the Intelligent Street

!ighting (IS!) system, a first approach to accomplish the demand for fle3ible public

lighting systems. 0ccording to study global grid based electricity consumption for

lighting was about 567 TW in 57, which was an equivalent of -8/ of total global

electricity consumption. &uropean office buildings dedicate about 7/ of their

electricity for lighting, whereas the share of electricity for lighting is around 5$9/in hospitals, -7/ in factories, -$-7/ in schools and -/ in residential buildings.

Intelligent lighting control and energy management system is a perfect solution for

energy saving, especially in public lighting management. It reali:es remote on;off and

dimming of lights, which can save energy by ased on

environmental and economic factors, cities need smart energy management systems

urgently for energy saving, maintenance costs reduction and 4O5emission reduction.

1.3 Purpose of the researh!pro"et

The dynamic changes in economy, energy supplies and ecology on a national and

international scale require an adequate moderni:ation of street lighting. ?owever, this

would be possible only with a quite new functional conception which in fact means

adaptability of street lighting. Simultaneous ensuring of the conditions of safe traffic

and decreasing the energy consumption and operational costs could be reali:ed inconformity with the constantly changing parameters of the environment. In

conformity with the 5< hours change of daylight, the highly changeable traffic, the

variable meteorological conditions and some e3treme situations on the roads, the

intensity of street lighting should change in a dynamic manner. @ew technical devices

and methods that are offered by technical progress will be necessary obviously for the

reali:ation of adaptive lighting.

>asically, street lighting is one of the important parts of a citys infrastructure where

the main function is to illuminate the citys streets during dar% hours of the day.

=reviously, the number of streets in the town and city is very small. Therefore, the

street lamps are relatively simple but with the development of urbani:ation, the

number of streets increases rapidly with high traffic density as highlighted in A-B.There are several factors need to be considered in order to design a good street

lighting system such as night$time safety for community members and road users,

provide public lighting at cost effective, the reduction of crime and minimi:ing it is

effect on the environment.

0t the beginning, street lamps were controlled by manual control where a control

switch is set in each of the street lamps. It is called first generation of the original

street light. 0fter that, another method that has been used was optical$ control method.

This method is using high pressure sodium lamp in their system. It can be seen that

this method is widely used in the country nowadays. This method operates by set up

an optical control circuit, change the resistance by using of light sensitive device to

5


3/4

control street lamps light up automatically at dus% and turn off automatically after

dawn in the morning.

'ue to the technological development nowadays, road lighting can be categori:ed

according to the installation area, performance and their used, for an e3ample, lighting

for traffic routes, lighting for subsidiary roads and lighting for urban center and public

amenity areas. While, the wireless sensor networ% (WS@) helps in improving thenetwor% sensing for street lighting as highlighted in A5B$A9B.

#eanwhile, street lighting technology can be classified according to the type of lamps

used such as incandescent light, mercury vapor light, metal halide light, high pressure

sodium light, low pressure sodium light, fluorescent light, compact fluorescent light,

induction light and !&' light. 'ifferent type of light technology used in lighting

design with their luminous efficiency, lamp service life and their considerations is

given in report.

!&' is considered a promising solution to modern street lighting system due to it is

behavior and advantages as emphasi:ed in A


4/4

1.% Theoretial bases an& Or'ani(ation

This proect is based upon energy efficient of automatic street lighting system based

on low cost microcontroller. The main obective is to design energy efficient based

controller for controlling the !ight &mitting 'iode (!&') based street lamp viaappropriate lighting levels control. This system is consists of a microcontroller, light

sensor, rain sensor, laser sensor and a set of the light emitting diode (!&') module.

While, the controlling and managing of the system is based on the number of traffic

and five different level of street light brightness has been used for lighting up the

street and proportional to the number of traffic. The system was programmed to

automatically turn off during the hours of daylight and only operate during the night

and heavy raining or bad weather by using 5 way "S# module. Several numbers of

tests have been conducted to test and validate the proposed prototype in the different

environment. 0s conclusion, around 11/ $ 2-/ reduction in power consumption can

be achieved through this proposed automatic street lighting system for energy

efficiency system design.

1.) Summar*

This proect is a proposal of an intelligent street lighting system is described that

integrates new technologies,offering energy savings. The proposed system is

especially appropriate for street lighting in remote urban and rural areas where the

traffic is low at times. Independence of the power networ% permits to implement it in

remote areas where the classical systems are prohibitively e3pensive. The system is

versatile, e3tendable and totally adustable to user needs.

smart street lighting project introduction

Documents