site 28 in situ abiotic/biotic treatability study implementation

Installation Restoration Site 28

In Situ Abiotic / Biotic Treatability StudyI l t tiImplementation

RAB Meeting November 18 2010November 18, 2010

Former Naval Air Station Moffett Field, Moffett Field, California

Site 28 Area

2

IR Site 28 Treatability Study

Purpose of Treatability Study (TS)Determine if in situ anaerobic biotic or combined abiotic/biotic treatment technologies are viable for remediating the remaining chlorinated ethenes (CEs) present in the upper and g ( ) p pplower portions of the A-aquifer at IR Site 28.

Treatability Study MethodConduct separate pilot tests in areas of highest CE concentrations at three areas of interest (Former Building 88, Traffic Island, and Well W9-18).

Stage 1: Hot Spot Characterization

Stage 2: Treatment Pilot Tests

Stage 1: Hot Spot Characterization

Hot Spot DelineationHot Spot DelineationFurther define lateral and vertical distribution of high concentration chlorinated ethenes (CEs) in the three areas of interest.

Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) InvestigationEvaluate whether PCE DNAPLs are present in the Former Building 88 Area and Traffic Island Area

Stage 2: Treatment Pilot Tests

Evaluate Two Processes/Three Treatment Technologies Separately:Separately:

In Situ Anaerobic Biostimulation with Bioaugmentation Process

Sodium Lactate (Wilclear®) & Dechlorinating Microbial Consortium (SDC-9™)Sodium Lactate (Wilclear ) & Dechlorinating Microbial Consortium (SDC 9 )

Emulsified Vegetable Oil (LactOil™) & SDC-9™

In Situ Anaerobic Biotic/Abiotic Degradation Process

Zero-valent iron with controlled-release carbon (EHC®)

Concurrent Pilot Tests in Three High Concentration Areas:

Traffic Island Area (LactOil™ & SDC-9™)

Building 88 Area (Wilclear® & SDC-9™)

Well W9-18 Area (EHC®)

Site 28 Pilot Test Area

6

ISABB - Emulsified OilISABB - Emulsified Oil & SDC-9™

ISABA - EHC®

ISABB - Lactate & SDC-9™

IR Site 28 Treatability Study Implementation

Stage 1: Hot Spot CharacterizationStage 1: Hot Spot Characterization

March and April 2010p

Hot Spot Delineation

DNAPL Investigation

Hot Spot Delineation

Goal: Further define lateral and vertical distribution ofGoal: Further define lateral and vertical distribution of high concentration chlorinated ethenes (CEs)

• Membrane Interface Probe (MIP) Testing

o Total depth of 65 feet below ground surface

o 19 locations in Traffic Island Area

o 12 locations in Former Building 88 Area

o 4 locations in Well W9-18 Area

MIP Test Locations

Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)

11

MIP Installation

12

MIP Installation

13

Typical MIP Log

14

ECD PID FID

DNAPL Investigation

Goal: Evaluate for the potential presence of PCE DNAPLs in the Former Building 88 Area and Traffic Island Area

• Continuous Soil Cores

o Adjacent to MIP test with greatest detector responses

o Visual observation and PID scanning

o Select OilScreenSoil (Sudan IV)® Screening Tests

• H d h bi Fl ibl M b T ti• Hydrophobic Flexible Membrane Testingo NAPL FLUTeTM Liner

o Adjacent to continuous soil coreso Adjacent to continuous soil cores

• 1 location in Former Bldg 88 Area; 2 locations in Traffic Island Area

• Maximum depth of 65 feet below ground surface

• No evidence of DNAPLs encountered

Soil Core & NAPL FLUTe™ Test Locations

OilScreenSoil (Sudan IV)® Test

17

NAPL FLUTe™ Liner

18

NAPL FLUTe™ Liner Deployment

19

NAPL FLUTe™ Liner Dilation

20

NAPL FLUTe™ Liner Removal

21

NAPL FLUTe™ - Protective Liner Removal

22

NAPL FLUTe™ Liner Inspection – No Staining

23

Emulsified Oil & SDC-9™Emulsified Oil & SDC 9

EHC®

Lactate & SDC-9™

Observation Well Network &Observation Well Network & Injection Grid Layout

Former Building 88 Area Cross-Section

GW flow direction

Well W9-18 Area Cross-Section

GW flow directionGW flow direction

Traffic Island Area Cross-Section

GW flow direction

IR Site 28 Treatability Study Implementation

Stage 2: Treatment Pilot TestsStage 2: Treatment Pilot Tests

July and August 2010y g

Observation Well Network Installation

Baseline Groundwater Monitoring Event

Substrate Preparation

Substrate Injection Substrate Injection

Post-Injection Performance Monitoring

Observation Well Network Installation – June 2010

29

Well Installation – Traffic Island

30

Baseline Groundwater Monitoring Event - July 2010

31

Monitoring Parameters

• VOC• VOCs

PCE, TCE, DCE, VC, Ethene, Ethane, Acetylene

• Bi h i l I di t• Biogeochemical Indicators DO, Nitrate, Arsenic, Manganese, Iron, Sulfate, Methane

• Organic Substrate Indicators• Organic Substrate Indicators

TOC, Alkalinity, and Volatile Fatty Acids

• Physical• PhysicalpH, ORP, Specific Conductance, Turbidity, Temperature

• BiologicalBiologicalDehalococcoides sp

Bldg 88 Area - Total Chlorinated Ethenes, µg/L

GW flow direction

27 279 3 002 3 04927,279 3,002 3,049

4,306 3,764 4,521

Traffic Island Area - Total Chlorinated Ethenes, µg/L

GW flow direction

8724,1091,759

751469476

18,2453,614311

3432,9504,62336,125

Well W9-18 Area - Total Chlorinated Ethenes, µg/L

GW flow direction

3,158 6,375 3,049

2,381 2,727 7,816

35

Substrate Mixing Tank – Former Bldg 88 Area

36

Substrate Preparation

37

Substrate Mixing Tank – Traffic Island Area

38

Bioaugmentation

Addition of dechlorinatingi bi l ti t b t hmicrobial consortium to batch

mixing tank

Shaws Patented SDC-9™Shaws Patented SDC 9

Contains Dehalococcoides sp

Naturally occurring microbes (not engineered)

Injected at hundreds of sitesInjected at hundreds of sites

Native to California

39

Injected at Former Building 88 Area and Traffic Island Area

Batch Tank – Traffic Island Area

Substrate Injection

Substrate Injection – Traffic Island

42

Substrate Injection Rigs

43

Substrate Injection – Traffic Island

44

Substrate Injection Tool

Pressure Activated Injection

Wilclear® & SDC-9™ Injection – Former Bldg 88 Area

• Original estimated sodium lactate demand for t t t 1 060 lb (i l 4 ti f t f t )treatment area ~1,060 lbs (incl. 4 times safety factor)

• Due to anticipated high pH replaced 184 lbs of lactate i h 55 lb f l i idwith 55 lbs of lactic acid

• 876 lbs of lactate with 55 lbs of lactic acid injected

• ~8,000 gallons of pre-treated GW from WATS injected

• 34 L of SDC-9 injected to generate a target concentration of 1x107 cells DHC/liter

• 10 points, 35 to 60 ft bgs

Injection Layout – Former Bldg 88 Area

LactOil™ & SDC-9™ Injection – Traffic Island Area

• Target concentration of 8 000 mg/L emulsifiedTarget concentration of 8,000 mg/L emulsified vegetable oil in GW

• 3 190 gallons of LactOil™ injected3,190 gallons of LactOil injected

• ~28,000 gallons of pre-treated GW from WATS injected

• 119 L of SDC-9™ injected to generate a target concentration of 1x107 cells DHC/liter

• 15 points, 10 to 65 ft bgs

Injection Layout – Traffic Island Area

10 to 55 ft bgs intervalg

Injection Layout – Traffic Island Area

55 to 65 ft bgs intervalg

EHC® Injection – Well W9-18 Area

• Original target ~0.3% of EHC® by soil massOriginal target 0.3% of EHC by soil mass (~4,000 lbs EHC®)

• Doubled the dose to ~8,000 lbs EHC® based onDoubled the dose to 8,000 lbs EHC based on IR Site 26 results

• ~8 000 lbs of EHC® injected~8,000 lbs of EHC® injected

• ~2,500 gallons of hydrant water injected

• No bioaugmentation with SDC-9™

• 4 points 10 to 30 ft bgs• 4 points, 10 to 30 ft bgs

Injection Layout – Well W9-18 Area

Post-Injection

Performance Groundwater Monitoring

• 5 post–injection events:

g

p j August 2010

early November 2010

late January 2010

mid April 2011

late June 2011

•All 24 observation wells + 3 monitoring wells

•Same analytical parameters as baseline event VOCs, Biogeochemical Indicators, Organic Substrate Indicators, Physical, and Biological

pH in Treatability Study Areas

W9-18Bldg 88Traffic Island

Treatability Study Wells

10.010.511.0

HTraffic Island - Emulsified Oil

pH

28OW-13

28OW-14

28OW-15

28OW-01 28OW-02

28OW-03 28OW-04

28OW-05 28OW-067.58.08.59.09.5

dard

Uni

ts fo

r pH

28OW-16

28OW-17

28OW-18

28OW-07 28OW-08

28OW-09 28OW-10

28OW-11 28OW-125.05.56.06.57.0

Stan

d

W9-18W9-29 W9-42

W9-18 Area - EHC®pH

8 0

Building 88 - LactatepH

0 20 40 60 80 100Days (Day 0 = August 16, 2010)

10

11

12

or p

H

p

7.0

7.5

8.0

s fo

r pH

7

8

9St

anda

rd U

nits

fo

5 5

6.0

6.5

Stan

dard

Uni

ts

5

6

0 20 40 60 80 100

S

Days (Day 0 = August 24, 2010)

5.0

5.5

0 20 40 60 80 100 120Days (Day 0 = August 2, 2010)

ORP in Treatability Study Areas

W9-18Bldg 88Traffic Island

Treatability Study Wells200

300

Traffic Island - Emulsified OilOxidation-Reduction Potential

28OW-13

28OW-14

28OW-15

28OW-01 28OW-02

28OW-03 28OW-04

28OW-05 28OW-06-100

0

100

mill

iVol

ts

28OW-16

28OW-17

28OW-18

28OW-07 28OW-08

28OW-09 28OW-10

28OW-11 28OW-12-400

-300

-200

W9-18W9-29 W9-42

W9-18 Area - EHC®Oxidation-Reduction Potential

300

Building 88 - LactateOxidation-Reduction Potential

0 20 40 60 80 100Days (Day 0 = August 16, 2010)

100

200

300

olts

100

200

300

olts

-200

-100

0m

illiV

o

-200

-100

0

mill

iVo

56

-400

-300

0 20 40 60 80 100Days (Day 0 = August 24, 2010)

-400

-300

0 20 40 60 80 100 120Days (Day 0 = August 2, 2010)

DO in Treatability Study Areas

W9-18Bldg 88Traffic Island

Treatability Study Wells

2.0

2.5

g/L)

Traffic Island - Emulsified OilDissolved Oxygen

28OW-13

28OW-14

28OW-15

28OW-01 28OW-02

28OW-03 28OW-04

28OW-05 28OW-061.0

1.5

once

ntra

tion

(mg

28OW-16

28OW-17

28OW-18

28OW-07 28OW-08

28OW-09 28OW-10

28OW-11 28OW-120.0

0.5

Co

W9-18W9-29 W9-42

W9-18 Area - EHC®Dissolved Oxygen

1 8

Building 88 ‐ LactateDissolved Oxygen

0 20 40 60 80 100Days (Day 0 = August 16, 2010)

2.5

3.0

3.5

(mg/

L)1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

(mg/L)

1.0

1.5

2.0

Con

cent

ratio

n (

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Concen

tration 

57

0.0

0.5

0 20 40 60 80 100Days (Day 0 = August 24, 2010)

0.0

0.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120Days (Day 0 = August 2, 2010)

Questions ?