shea chapter 12
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12
Interest Groups and Civic and Political Engagement
Video: The Big Picture 12
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Shea_Ch12_Interest_Groups_and_Civic_and_Political_Engagement_Seg1_v2.html
Video: The Basics 12
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Activism and Protest in the United States
Belief in Collective Action
Belief in Self-Government
12.1
Belief in Collective Action
Alexis de Tocqueville Traveled and observed American culture Wrote Democracy in America
12.1
Alexis de Tocqueville 12.1
Video: In Context
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg3_PoliticalParticipation_v2.html
12.1
Belief in Collective Action
Group Action Right to associate and be active in public affairs Activism at the root of our “do something” political culture Groups emerge to challenge the status quo
12.1
Belief in Self-Government
John Locke Natural rights Social contract
Declaration of Independence
Egalitarianism
12.1
12.1 This philosopher advanced the idea of natural, or inalienable, rights:
12.1
a. Thomas Jefferson
b. John Locke
c. Alexis de Tocqueville
d. None of the above
12.1 This philosopher advanced the idea of natural, or inalienable, rights:
12.1
a. Thomas Jefferson
b. John Locke
c. Alexis de Tocqueville
d. None of the above
Influencing Government Through Mobilization and Participation
Constitutional Guarantees
Organized Interests
12.2
Constitutional Guarantees
Bill of Rights First Amendment
Totalitarian regimes Tiananmen Square
12.2
12.2Tiananmen Square protest
Organized Interests
Race riots Frustrated African Americans protesting economic and
political inequalities
Accountability Pressure from groups forces government officials to
pay attention to important issues Helps ensure healthy democratic communities
12.2
12.2 Which is an important effect of group mobilization?
12.2
a. Greater accountability for government leaders
b. A greater likelihood of healthy, democratic communities
c. A structured outlet to declare and vent frustrations
d. All of the above
12.2 Which is an important effect of group mobilization?
12.2
a. Greater accountability for government leaders
b. A greater likelihood of healthy, democratic communities
c. A structured outlet to declare and vent frustrations
d. All of the above
Functions and Types of Interest Groups
Characteristics of Interest Groups
Functions of Interest Groups
Types of Interest Groups
The Interest Group Explosion
12.3
Characteristics of Interest Groups
Single-issue interest groups Focus primarily or exclusively on one issue, such as the
environment, peace, or abortion
Multi-issue interest groups Pursue a broader range of issues grouped around a
central theme
12.3
Video: Thinking Like a Political Scientist
12.3
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg4_InterestGroups_v2.html
Functions of Interest Groups
Represent constituents Join individual voices
Provide a means of political participation Volunteering, contributing money
Educate the public Sponsoring research, testifying
Build agendas
Serve as government watchdogs
12.3
FIGURE 12.1: Five functions of interest groups
12.3
Types of Interest Groups
Economic groups Trade associations, professional associations
Public interest groups Common Cause, NAACP
Think tanks Heritage Foundation, American Enterprise Institute
Governmental units National Governors Association
12.3
TABLE 12.1: Types of interest groups 12.3
NRA 12.3
The Interest Group Explosion
Numbers increased From 5,843 in 1959 to 22,200 currently Americans have more opportunities to influence government
Cleavages Deep social divisions
Disturbance theory Groups form when they perceive their interests are
threatened
12.3
Flash mob 12.3
12.3 Which interest groups include trade associations and labor unions?
12.3
a. Economic groups
b. Public interest groups
c. Think tanks
d. Governmental units
12.3 Which interest groups include trade associations and labor unions?
12.3
a. Economic groups
b. Public interest groups
c. Think tanks
d. Governmental units
Video: In the Real World 12.3
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg5_InterestGroups_v2.html
Interest Group Mobilization
Organizational Barriers
Overcoming Organizational Barriers
The Role of Interest Group Leaders
12.4
Organizational Barriers
Tendency to allow others to do the work Free-rider problem Public goods or collective goods
Cost
Absence of sense of political efficacy
12.4
Overcoming Organizational Barriers
Selective benefits Material benefits Solidary benefits Purposive benefits
Required membership
12.4
The Role of Interest Group Leaders
César Chávez and the UFW Grew up as a poor farm worker Founded the National Farm Workers Association Later merged with other organizations to form the United
Farm Workers of America
12.4
César Chávez 12.4
12.4 Interest groups may use these benefits, which allow people to feel like they are part of a worthwhile cause, in order to attract members:
12.4
a. Selective benefits
b. Material benefits
c. Solidary benefits
d. Purposive benefits
12.4 Interest groups may use these benefits, which allow people to feel like they are part of a worthwhile cause, in order to attract members:
12.4
a. Selective benefits
b. Material benefits
c. Solidary benefits
d. Purposive benefits
Inside and Outside Lobbying
Inside Lobbying
Outside Lobbying
12.5
Inside Lobbying
Gaining access
Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995
Testifying at congressional committee hearings
12.5
TABLE 12.2: Spending on inside lobbying
12.5
12.5
Explore the Simulation: You Are a Lobbyist
12.5
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_longman_media_1/2013_mpsl_sim/simulation.html?simulaURL=16
Outside Lobbying
Grassroots mobilization
Grassroots lobbying tactics Direct mail Advertorials
Newer tools of indirect lobbying Media manipulation Social networking
12.5
FIGURE 12.2: Americans’ opinions about interest groups
12.5
Million Mom March 12.5
Outside Lobbying
Campaign activities Fundraising and candidate endorsements
12.5
FIGURE 12.3: Money spent by PACs in the 2010 midterm cycle
12.5
12.5 Attempting to manipulate the media and using social networking to influence the public are examples of:
12.5
a. Outside lobbying
b. Inside lobbying
c. Indirect lobbying
d. A and C
e. B and C
12.5 Attempting to manipulate the media and using social networking to influence the public are examples of:
12.5
a. Outside lobbying
b. Inside lobbying
c. Indirect lobbying
d. A and C
e. B and C
Explore Political Engagement: Can Interest Groups Buy Public Policy?
12.5
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_shea_mpslld_4/pex/pex8.html
The Influence of Interest Groups
Interest Group Money
Bias in Representation: Who Participates?
Final Verdict?
12.6
Interest Group Money
Needed to recruit members, hire staff, pay overhead, and raise more funds
Groups with large resources have advantage
12.6
Bias in Representation: Who Participates?
Activists tend to be more politically sophisticated, knowledgeable, and more involved in their communities
Educational attainment, family income, and social class largest predictors of interest group participation
12.6
Final Verdict
Do interest groups decrease or increase the influence of individuals?
Rise in interest group activities correlates with increase in distrust in government
12.6
12.6 What has accompanied the explosion in interest group formation and activity in recent years?
12.6
a. Distrust in government and voter cynicism
b. Increase in money spent on lobbying
c. The Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995
d. All of the above
12.6 What has accompanied the explosion in interest group formation and activity in recent years?
12.6
a. Distrust in government and voter cynicism
b. Increase in money spent on lobbying
c. The Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995
d. All of the above
Video: So What? 12
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