shea chapter 3
TRANSCRIPT
3Federalism
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Video: The Big Picture 3
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Video: The Basics 3
Dividing Governmental Authority
National Government: Reasons for Federalism
State and Local Governments
Structure of State Governments
3.1
No Child Left Behind Act 3.1
National Government: Reasons for Federalism
Unitary systems more common National government has sovereignty
Why divide sovereignty? Fusing of historically independent states Influential thinkers Diversity Practicality
3.1
TABLE 3.1: Federal, Confederate and Unitary Systems of Government
3.1
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Video: In Context 3.1
State and Local Governments
Impact on daily life
Do voters pay close attention to state government?
State constitutions Modeled after federal Constitution Most include Bill of Rights
3.1
Structure of State Governments
State legislatures 49 bicameral, 1 unicameral Half are “professional”
Structured committees Seniority in leadership positions
Half are “amateur” Shorter terms, sessions, lower wages Part-time citizen-legislators
15 states have term limits
3.1
TABLE 3.2: Percent of Women in State Legislatures
3.1
TABLE 3.3: Percent of National Legislators Who are African-American and Latino
3.1
Structure of State Governments
ExecutiveMainly 4-year termsDirect electionTerm limitsPowers have grown
3.1
FIGURE 3.1: Ranking of Formal Powers of Governors from Strong to Weak
3.1
Structure of State Governments
State court systems Unique
Minor (municipal) courts Trial courts Appellate courts
Interpret state laws
Judges elected Nonpartisan Concern over campaign funding
3.1
Structure of State Governments
Local governments Counties and municipalities Dillon’s Rule (1868) versus home rule Special governments
3.1
FIGURE 3.2: Forms of Local and Special Governments
3.1
3.13.1 What statement is true of a federal system of government?
a. It works best with homogeneous populations.
b. Political power is located in a central government.
c. It relies on a system of checks and balances.
d. State governments retain some sovereignty.
3.13.1 What statement is true of a federal system of government?
a. It works best with homogeneous populations.
b. Political power is located in a central government.
c. It relies on a system of checks and balances.
d. State governments retain some sovereignty.
Explore the Simulation: You Are a Federal Judge
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3.1
Dual Federalism
Before the Civil War
After the Civil War
3.2
Before the Civil War
Marshall Court enhances powers of federal government
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Necessary and proper clause States have no power to tax federal agencies
Cohens v. Virginia (1821) Federal court has authority to review state decisions
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Federal power to regulate interstate commerce
3.2
Before the Civil War
Dual federalism
Nullification
Doctrine of secession
3.2
Civil War dead 3.2
After the Civil War
Amendments limiting state authority Thirteenth Amendment (1865)
Banned slavery
Fourteenth Amendment (1868) Equal protection Due process
Fifteenth Amendment Voting rights for former slaves
Federal government failed to prevent discrimination
3.2
Integration 3.2
After the Civil War
Industrial Revolution calls for new policies
Monopolies Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
Court limits federal authority Struck down health and safety regulations
3.2
The Occupy movement 3.2
Child labor 3.2
3.2
a. Expansive
b. Limiting
c. Uncertain
d. Depended upon context
3.2 The Marshall Court took what view of federal government power?
3.2
a. Expansive
b. Limiting
c. Uncertain
d. Depended upon context
3.2 The Marshall Court took what view of federal government power?
Cooperative and Creative Federalism
The New Deal: Cooperative Federalism
Great Society: Creative Federalism and Federal Grants
3.3
The New Deal: Cooperative Federalism
FDR and the New Deal programs
Cooperative federalism Layer cake versus marble cake
Court-packing plan
3.3
Illegal immigration and undesirable jobs
3.3
The Great Society: Creative Federalism and Federal Grants Creative federalism
Johnson’s Great Society and War on Poverty Partnership between federal and state governments
Grants-in-aid Categorical grants
Formula grants Project grants
Block grants
3.3
FIGURE 3.3: Distribution of powers between national and state governments
3.3
FIGURE 3.4: Grants-in-aid from the federal government to the states (1964-1970)
3.3
FIGURE 3.5: Grants-in-aid selected programs, 1964-1970
3.3
a. Dual federalism
b. Fiscal federalism
c. Cooperative federalism
d. Competitive federalism
3.33.3 The Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Anti-Trust Act were examples of legislation enacted under a system of:
3.33.3 The Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Anti-Trust Act were examples of legislation enacted under a system of:a. Dual federalism
b. Fiscal federalism
c. Cooperative federalism
d. Competitive federalism
Explore Federalism: Which States Win or Lose in the Federal Aid Game?
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3.3
Recent Trends in Federalism
Devolution
A Return to Creative Federalism?
Supreme Court’s Shift in Perspective
Current Challenges Facing State and Local Governments
3.4
Devolution
Purpose: to shift power from federal to state government
Based on belief that government is inefficient
Effect of limited government spending on states Raise taxes or cut services
3.4
FIGURE 3.6: Federal grants-in-aid as a percentage of state and local government budgets
3.4
Video: Thinking Like a Political Scientist
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3.4
A Return to Creative Federalism?
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (2009) $787 billion stimulus
What will new federalism look like? Devolution still popular in theory
3.4
Timeline 3.4
Medical marijuana and law
3.4
Supreme Court’s Shift in Perspective
Decisions have limited power of federal government Gun Free School Zones Act (1990)
Violence Against Women Act (1994)
Printz v. United States (1997)
3.4
VAWA 3.4
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3.4Video: In the Real World
Current Challenges Facing State and Local Governments Balancing services against tax rates
Income equality
Urban poverty rates
Changing demographics Immigration Aging population
3.4
a. From the federal government to the states
b. It should be distributed equally between the federal and state governments
c. From the states to the federal government
d. From municipalities to the states
3.43.4 Devolution is the doctrine that government power should move in what direction?
a. From the federal government to the states
b. It should be distributed equally between the federal and state governments
c. From the states to the federal government
d. From municipalities to the states
3.43.4 Devolution is the doctrine that government power should move in what direction?
Discussion Question
What are the pros and cons of devolution? What issues make it more popular in theory than in practice?
3
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Video: So What? 3