roles of parenting styles and discipline in children€¦ · roles of parenting styles and...

Tomo Umemura

6.10.2015

Roles of parenting styles

and discipline in children

Roles of parenting styles and discipline in children

Overview for today 1. APA format

2. Aunola, K. & Nurmi, J. (2005). The role of parenting style in children’s problem behavior. Child Development, 76, 1144-1159.

3. Lansford, J. E. et al. (2005). Physical discipline and children’s adjustment: Cultural normativeness as a moderator. Child Development, 76, 1234-1246.

4. Cox, M. J., & Paley, B. (2003). Understanding families as systems. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 193-196.

Introduction paragraph is due on October 13th.

Timetable:

• September 22: Possible topics for your paper

• September 29: Guidelines for writing

introduction paragraph

• October 6: APA format

• October 13: Introduction due: please bring a

hard copy of your intro with a title page (and

references).

APA format

Title Page

↑Only title page

Title Page • Title

– Clear and concise

– Include your major

variables/constructs.

– No longer than two lines.

– Upper and Lowercase

• Authors’ names

• Authors’ affiliations

• Page number

• Running Head (Abbreviated form of the title)

– ALL UPPERCASE

Text Example

No “Running Head” any more

The title

Text Example

The title

Text • Last name(s) (YEAR)

• “and” and “&”

• Semicolons when you have multiple citations.

– The effect of multiple caregivers on children is not well understood

(Grossmann, Grossmann, Kindler & Zimmermann, 2008; Howes,

1999; Waters & Cummings, 2000).

– Colin and Lamb (1985) that children display affiliative behavior

towards their mother, father, and even other caregivers…

Text • If there are 1 or 2 authors, use the authors’ names every time

when this work is cited

– Colin (1985) -> Colin (1985)

– Colin and Lamb (1985) -> Colin and Lamb (1985)

• If there are 3, 4, or 5 authors, list all the authors’ names first

time, and then subsequently use “et al.”

– “et al.” is an abbreviation of “et alia” which means “and others.”

– Colin, Lamb, and Clark (1985) -> Colin et al. (1985)

• If there are 6 or more authors, use “et al.” since the first time

– Grossmann, Grossmann, Fremmer-bombik, Kindler, Scheuerer &

Zimmermann, 2002 = Grossmann et al. (2002)

References

References • Hanging indent (Microsoft Word: paragraph -> special -> hanging)

• Last name, Initial of first name. Initial of middle

name. (YEAR).

• Title (Use the uppercase letter only for the first letter

of the first word and after colon)

Belsky, J. (1979). Mother-father-infant interaction: A

naturalistic observational study. Developmental

Psychology, 15, 601-607. doi: 10.1037/0012-

1649.15.6.601

References • Journal Articles

– Name(s). (Year). Title. Name of Journal, Volume, page-

page. doi:xxxxxxx

– Belsky, J. (1979). Mother-father-infant interaction: A

naturalistic observational study. Developmental

Psychology, 15, 601-607. doi: 10.1037/0012-

1649.15.6.601

– Do not include the issue number, unless each issue of a

journal begins on page 1. – Belsky, J. (1979). Mother-father-infant interaction: A

naturalistic observational study. Developmental

Psychology, 15 (2), 601-607. doi: 10.1037/0012-

1649.15.6.601

References • Book chapter

– Name(s). (Year). Title. In Name(s) of editor(s) (Ed. or

Eds.), Title of the book. City, State/Country:

Publisher.

– Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1982). Attachment: Retrospect and

prospect. In J. Stevenson-Hinde & C. M. Parks

(Eds.), The Place of Attachment in Human

Behavior. New York, NY: Basic Books.

References • Book

– Name(s). (Year). Title. City, State (or Country):

Publisher.

– Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M., Waters, E., &

Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A

psychological study of the Strange

Situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

References • Internet sources (newspaper articles)

– Name(s). (Year, Month date) Title. Newspaper

Name. Retrieved from http://www…

– Squires, S. (2002, October 9). Study finds that in

U.S., 1 in 3 is obese. The Washington

Post. Retrieved from

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-

dyn/articles/A62930-2002Oct8.html

You can copy from syllabus but add “doi” number for journal articles

← need doi

← need doi

← need doi

← need doi

← need doi

← need doi

How do we find “doi” numbers?

How do we find “doi” numbers?

Introduction paragraph is due on October 13th.

Timetable:

• September 22: Possible topics for your paper

• September 29: Guidelines for writing

introduction paragraph

• October 6: APA format

• October 13: Introduction due: please bring a

hard copy of your intro with a title page (and

references).

Mediation

Parenting ?

Child Outcome

Parenting

Child Outcome

?

Parenting

Child Outcome

A spurious relation

Parenting

Child Outcome

?

Moderation

Moderating relation

• A moderator variable is one that affects the strength of the relation between a predictor variable and an outcome variable. The size of the effect depends on the moderator.

– The effect of divorce may be higher for children’s behavior problems in poor families, compared to children in rich families.

– The effect of mothers’ physical discipline on their children’s behavior problems depends on cultural normativeness.

– The effect of mothers’ psychological control on their children’s behavior problems depends on mothers’ warmth.

Lansford, J. E. et al. (2005). Physical discipline and children’s

adjustment: Cultural normativeness as a moderator.

• Predictor: Physical discipline

– 3 physical discipline strategies (spank or slap, grab or shake, beat up)

• Outcome: Behavioral adjustment

– Aggression (one type of externalizing behavior problem)

– Anxiety (one type of internalizing behavior problem)

• Moderator: Cultural normativeness

– Perceptions of how frequently other people use physical discipline

Lansford, J. E. et al. (2005). Physical discipline and children’s

adjustment: Cultural normativeness as a moderator.

Physical

Discipline

Child

Outcome

The degree to which

physical discipline

is accepted

in your culture

Lansford, J. E. et al. (2005). Physical discipline and children’s

adjustment: Cultural normativeness as a moderator.

Lansford, J. E. et al. (2005). Physical discipline and children’s

adjustment: Cultural normativeness as a moderator.

Lansford, J. E. et al. (2005). Physical discipline and children’s

adjustment: Cultural normativeness as a moderator.

So should we or should not we use physical discipline?

Aunola & Nurmi (2005). The role of parenting style in

children’s problem behavior.

• Predictor: Parenting Styles

– Affection

• “I often show my child that I love him/her”

– Behavioral Control

• “If my child misbehaves I usually rebuke him/her”

– Psychological Control (control by guilt)

• “I let my child see how disappointed and ashamed I am if

he/she misbehaves”

– Positive psychological control? - Ludmila and Anna (Rabelova)

Aunola & Nurmi (2005). The role of parenting style in

children’s problem behavior.

Outcomes:

• Internalizing behavior problems

• Externalizing behavior problems

Moderators:

• The other parent’s parenting behaviors

• Another parenting style

Aunola & Nurmi (2005). The role of parenting style in

children’s problem behavior.

Aunola & Nurmi (2005). The role of parenting style in

children’s problem behavior.

Enmeshment:

• Defined as psychological and emotional fusion among family members.

• Mothers are supportive and close to the child (i.e., high affection) but, they communicate guilt-inducing attitudes (i.e., high psychological control), which manipulate the child’s psychological world and increase the child’s dependence.

• Restricts children’s free expression of their thoughts and emotions.

Inconsistent message/double message

Homework

• Read two articles – Doherty, W. J., Kouneski, E. F., & Erickson, M. F. (1998).

Responsible fathering: An overview and conceptual framework. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 60, 277-292.

– Paquette, D. (2004). Theorizing the father-child relationship: Mechanisms and developmental outcomes. Human development, 47, 193-219.

• Email me your thought questions by Tuesday midnight.

• Bring a copy of your introduction paragraph with a title page (and references) to class.