prs slides for powerpoint chap 8 development across the lifespan copyright © pearson education,...

PRS Slides for PowerPoint

Chap 8

Development across the Lifespan

Definitional and Application Slides

A researcher decides to follow a group of children into

adulthood to assess whether attachment styles formed

with their parents has an effect on their intellectual growth

over time. This is an example of what type of research?

1. Cross-sectional

2. Cross-sequential

3. Longitudinal

4. Experimental

5. Case study

LO 8.1

A researcher decides to follow a group of children into

adulthood to assess whether attachment styles formed

with their parents has an effect on their intellectual growth

over time. This is an example of what type of research?

1. Cross-sectional

2. Cross-sequential

3. Longitudinal (p. 310-311)

4. Experimental

5. Case study

LO 8.1

Dizygotic twins are conceived due to the fact that:

1. One egg split into two separate zygote.

2. Two eggs were fertilized by one sperm cell.

3. One egg was fertilized by two sperm cells.

4. Two eggs were fertilized by two sperm cells.

5. The cause is unknown.

LO 8.3

Dizygotic twins are conceived due to the fact that:

1. One egg split into two separate zygote.

2. Two eggs were fertilized by one sperm cell.

3. One egg was fertilized by two sperm cells.

4. Two eggs were fertilized by two sperm cells. (p. 315)

5. The cause is unknown.

LO 8.3

Teratogens, or drug, chemical, or other factors that can

bring about birth defects, may have their greatest effect on

cardiovascular development at which point in time of

prenatal development?

1. From 6-8 weeks

2. From 4-6 weeks

3. From 3-16 weeks

4. From 4-5 weeks

5. From 6-9 weeks

LO 8.4

Teratogens, or drug, chemical, or other factors that can

bring about birth defects, may have their greatest effect on

cardiovascular development at which point in time of

prenatal development?

1. From 6-8 weeks

2. From 4-6 weeks

3. From 3-16 weeks (p. 319)

4. From 4-5 weeks

5. From 6-9 weeks

LO 8.4

This period of pregnancy is probably the time of most

growth, with the biggest gains in weight for the baby:

1. Fetal

2. Embryonic

3. Germinal

4. Critical period

5. Conception

LO 8.4

This period of pregnancy is probably the time of most

growth, with the biggest gains in weight for the baby:

1. Fetal (p. 320)

2. Embryonic

3. Germinal

4. Critical period

5. Conception

LO 8.4

Infants are born into the world with a series of innate,

involuntary reflexes that help to aid their survival. The

reflex that is involved with response to a loud noise is

called:

1. Sucking

2. Babinski

3. Grasping

4. Moro

5. Rooting

LO 8.5

Infants are born into the world with a series of innate,

involuntary reflexes that help to aid their survival. The

reflex that is involved with response to a loud noise is

called:

1. Sucking

2. Babinski

3. Grasping

4. Moro (p. 321-322)

5. Rooting

LO 8.5

During which stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive

development does a child obtain the understanding of

object permanence?

1. Preoperational period

2. Sensorimotor period

3. Concrete operations

4. Formal operations

5. Post-formal operations

LO 8.6

During which stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive

development does a child obtain the understanding of

object permanence?

1. Preoperational period

2. Sensorimotor period (p. 326)

3. Concrete operations

4. Formal operations

5. Post-formal operations

LO 8.6

Each of the following are criticisms of Piaget’s model of

cognitive development EXCEPT:

1. Piaget underestimated how early children develop an understanding of object permanence.

2. Preschoolers are not as egocentric as Piaget believed.

3. Piaget underestimated the role of social interactions in influencing the rate at which children develop cognitive skills.

4. Development may be more continuous than Piaget suggested.

5. Piaget did not believe that children’s cognitive understanding was qualitatively different than that of adults.

LO 8.6

Each of the following are criticisms of Piaget’s model of

cognitive development EXCEPT:

1. Piaget underestimated how early children develop an understanding of object permanence.

2. Preschoolers are not as egocentric as Piaget believed.

3. Piaget underestimated the role of social interactions in influencing the rate at which children develop cognitive skills.

4. Development may be more continuous than Piaget suggested.

5. Piaget did not believe that children’s cognitive understanding was qualitatively different than that of adults. (p. 328)

LO 8.6

The order of stages of language development that are

experienced by children of all cultures is:

1. Cooing, crying, babbling, one-word speech, telegraphic speech

2. Crying, cooing, babbling, one-word speech, telegraphic speech

3. Crying, cooing, one-word speech, babbling, telegraphic speech

4. Crying, telegraphic speech, one-word speech, cooing, babbling

5. Crying, cooing, telegraphic speech, one-word speech, babbling

LO 8.6

The order of stages of language development that are

experienced by children of all cultures is:

1. Cooing, crying, babbling, one-word speech, telegraphic speech

2. Crying, cooing, babbling, one-word speech, telegraphic speech (p. 330)

3. Crying, cooing, one-word speech, babbling, telegraphic speech

4. Crying, telegraphic speech, one-word speech, cooing, babbling

5. Crying, cooing, telegraphic speech, one-word speech, babbling

LO 8.6

A child who ________________ is able to explore a

room of toys happily in the presence of their mother, is

temporarily distressed when a stranger enters the room

and the mother leaves, but is happy again when the mother

later returns.

1. has an easy temperament

2. has a slow-to-warm temperament

3. has secure attachment style

4. has an ambivalent attachment style

5. has a disorganized attachment style

LO 8.7

A child who ________________ is able to explore a

room of toys happily in the presence of their mother, is

temporarily distressed when a stranger enters the room

and the mother leaves, but is happy again when the mother

later returns.

1. has an easy temperament

2. has a slow-to-warm temperament

3. has secure attachment style (p. 333)

4. has an ambivalent attachment style

5. has a disorganized attachment style

LO 8.7

Infant monkeys who were separated from their mothers at

birth:

1. preferred a wire “surrogate monkey” who held a bottle with their food source.

2. preferred a cloth “surrogate monkey” that felt very similar to the feel of their real-life mother.

3. spent little time around either of the “surrogate monkeys.”

4. spent equal amounts of time around each of the “surrogate monkeys.”

5. showed that the attainment of nourishment superseded the need for “contact comfort.”

LO 8.7

Infant monkeys who were separated from their mothers at

birth:

1. preferred a wire “surrogate monkey” who held a bottle with their food source.

2. preferred a cloth “surrogate monkey” that felt very similar to the feel of their real-life mother. (p. 334-335)

3. spent little time around either of the “surrogate monkeys.”

4. spent equal amounts of time around each of the “surrogate monkeys.”

5. showed that the attainment of nourishment superseded the need for “contact comfort.”

LO 8.7

During which stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial

development might it be most important for a child to have

opportunities for success (e.g., with school activities such

as reading and writing)?

1. Trust vs. mistrust

2. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

3. Initiative vs. guilt

4. Industry vs. inferiority

5. Identity vs. role confusion

LO 8.7

During which stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial

development might it be most important for a child to have

opportunities for success (e.g., with school activities such

as reading and writing)?

1. Trust vs. mistrust

2. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

4. Industry vs. inferiority (p. 336)

5. Identity vs. role confusion

LO 8.7

A person who makes their moral judgments (i.e., of why an

action is either right or wrong) that focuses on obtaining the

approval of others is probably in which stage of Kohlberg’s

theory of moral development?

1. Pre-conventional

2. Conventional

3. Post-conventional

5. Either the conventional or post-conventional stage

LO 8.8

A person who makes their moral judgments (i.e., of why an

action is either right or wrong) that focuses on obtaining the

approval of others is probably in which stage of Kohlberg’s

theory of moral development?

1. Pre-conventional

2. Conventional (p. 340)

3. Post-conventional

5. Either the conventional or post-conventional stage

LO 8.8

In terms of physical development, all of the following occur

as a person ages EXCEPT:

1. Speed of information processing declines

2. Physical strength begins to decline

3. Height decreases

4. Men go through a decline in testosterone, and may experience reduced sperm count

5. Disorders such as sleep apnea are less likely to occur with aging

LO 8.9

In terms of physical development, all of the following occur

as a person ages EXCEPT:

1. Speed of information processing declines

2. Physical strength begins to decline

3. Height decreases

4. Men go through a decline in testosterone, and may experience reduced sperm count

5. Disorders such as sleep apnea are less likely to occur with aging (p. 343)

LO 8.9

The theory of aging that suggests that cells are limited in

the number of times that they can reproduce to repair

damage, and which is supported by the existence of

telomeres, is:

1. Cellular clock theory

2. Wear-and tear theory

3. Free radical theory

4. Activity theory

5. Disengagement theory

LO 8.10

The theory of aging that suggests that cells are limited in

the number of times that they can reproduce to repair

damage, and which is supported by the existence of

Telomeres is:

1. Cellular clock theory (p. 347)

2. Wear-and tear theory

3. Free radical theory

4. Activity theory

5. Disengagement theory

LO 8.10

All of the following are symptoms of ADHD EXCEPT:

1. Feelings of restlessness

2. Not paying attention when spoken to by others

3. Impatient and impulsive

4. Inability to pay attention to details

5. Prolonged attention but to inappropriate aspects of the social situation

LO 8.11

All of the following are symptoms of ADHD EXCEPT:

1. Feelings of restlessness

2. Not paying attention when spoken to by others

3. Impatient and impulsive

4. Inability to pay attention to details

5. Prolonged attention but to inappropriate aspects of the social situation (p. 349-350)

LO 8.11

Critical Thinking & Student Opinion Slides

Which is correct?

Anxious or cranky children are just born that way.

A. True

B. False

Which is correct?

Anxious or cranky children are just born that way.

A. True

B. False

Which is correct?

Boys develop moral reasoning faster than girls do.

A. True

B. False

Which is correct?

Boys develop moral reasoning faster than girls do.

A. True

B. False

Which is correct?

Adolescents are capable of making mature decisions.

A. True

B. False

Which is correct?

Adolescents are capable of making mature decisions.

A. True

B. False

C. It depends on the individual, but as a group, they are not good at making mature decisions.

Which is correct?

There are only losses in development after age 40.

A. True

B. False

Which is correct?

There are only losses in development after age 40.

A. True

B. False

How much do you agree?

Parents today are different from parents 40 to 50 years ago.

A. Strongly agree

B. Agree

C. Neutral

D. Disagree

E. Strongly disagree

Parents today are less involved in their children’s lives compared to parents 40 to 50 years ago.

A. Strongly agree

B. Agree

C. Neutral

D. Disagree

E. Strongly disagree43

Media (television, internet, cell phones, text messaging, etc.) makes parenting more difficult today compared to 40 to 50 years ago.

A. Strongly agree

B. Agree

C. Neutral

D. Disagree

Any intellectual skill or academic subject matter can be taught to a child of any age if the right teaching method is used.

A. Strongly agree

B. Agree

C. Neutral

D. Disagree

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